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Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Donor:
Little Manila Foundation  Search this
Extent:
4.33 Cubic feet (13 boxes)
Culture:
Filipino Americans  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Diaries
Correspondence
Photographs
Receipts
Date:
circa 1917-1980, undated
Summary:
Collection of archival materials removed from trunks of personal belongings abandoned at death by Filipino agricultural workers in Stockton, California.
Scope and Contents:
The contents of this collection include albums with photographs from the Philippines and the United States, receipts, pay stubs, books, letters, and other correspondence from the Philippines, framed photographs, and other ephemera. Most of the correspondence in the collection is written in Visayan, the language spoken within the southernmost islands of Luzon in the Philippines. The contents of the letters are in the process of being translated. Most of the photographs of individuals in the collection are not identified. The collection is divided into 23 series. 22 of which are individual Filipino migrants, who were members of the fraternal organization. The last series consists of the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The collection is important for those researchers interested in the history of early Filipino-American agricultural workers.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into twenty-three series.

Series 1: Enrique Andales, 1917-1937, undated

Series 2: Julian S. Arofo, 1950-1953

Series 3: A.T. Bastion, undated

Series 4: Julian Felicita Bernido, 1971

Series 5: Andres Salle Casinas, 1912-1980, undated

Series 6: Cesario Hotora Comparativo, 1925-1945, undated

Series 7: Hilario Samson Cuevas, 1925-1930, udated

Series 8: Vinancio Felisarta, 1971

Series 9: Jose Madridejo Galinato, 1926-1949, undated

Series 10: Eufricino Janier, 1920-1929, undated

Series 11: Felimon Laga, 1922-1923, undated

Series 12: Seven Madrias, 1936-1938, undated

Series 13: Eusebio Maglente, 1920-1923, undated

Series 14: Epimaco Fariola Mansueto, 1874-1947, undated

Series 15: Sixto Olaco, 1921-1954, undated

Series 16: Anastacio Atig Omandam, 1924-1937

Series 17: Juan Campoco Pascual, 1936, 1948, undated Series 18: Julian Rogas, 1929-1936, undated

Series 19: Arcadio Simangca, 1961-1971

Series 20: Julio Saranza, 1971

Series 21: Pablo Mendoza Solomon, 1921-1971, undated

Series 22: Victor Yano, 1971

Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo: Daguhoy Masonic Lodge, 1928-1935, undated
Biographical / Historical:
The collection documents the lives of Filipino migrants in Stockton, California dating from 1920s-1970s. The collection was retrieved from the basement of the Daguhoy Lodge, a meeting place for the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The lodge doubled as a living space for Filipino agricultural laborers during the early twentieth century. The collection holds the belongings of Filipino migrant farm laborers who did not have a family to obtain their belongings after their deaths.
Related Materials:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History



Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: World Expositions, NMAH.AC.0060

Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, NMAH.AC.0143

Alexander Alland, Sr., Photoprints, NMAH.AC.0204

Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography, NMAH.AC.0300

Duncan Family Yo-Yo Collection, NMAH.AC.807

Catherine Hann Papers, NMAH.AC.0921

Kamikawa, Omata and Matsumoto Families Papers, NMAH.AC.0924

Juanita Tamayo Lott Filipino American Photographs and Papers, NMAH.AC.0925

Bishop Mitsumyo Tottori Memorial Notebooks, NMAH.AC.0926

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs, NMAH.AC.0945

Other Respositories

Sacramento Public Library, Sacramento Room Photograph Collection

holdings include photograph of Legionarios Del Trabajo
Separated Materials:
The National Museum of American History's Divison of Work and Industry holds the objects that came with the collection including:

Accession number 2022.0058.
Provenance:
Collection donated by the Little Manila Foundation through Dillon Delvo, Executive Director, 2021.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Agriculture -- California  Search this
Migrant workers  Search this
Tagalog language  Search this
Genre/Form:
Diaries
Correspondence -- 20th century
Photographs -- 20th century
Receipts -- 20th century
Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep865b08d8d-170d-410c-9794-1f0f1f0b1388
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1515

Our grandfathers were braceros and we too... Abel Astorga Morales, Rosa Martha Zárate Macías ; English translation, Madeline Newman Ríos

Author:
Astorga Morales, Abel  Search this
Macías, Rosa Martha Zárate  Search this
Translator:
Ríos, Madeline Newman  Search this
Physical description:
vi, 210 pages illustrations 28 cm
Type:
Books
History
Place:
United States
États-Unis
Estados Unidos
Mexico
Mexique
México
Estaods Unidos
Date:
2021
20th century
20e siècle
Siglo XX
Topic:
Immigrants--Social conditions  Search this
Foreign workers, Mexican--History  Search this
Agricultural laborers, Foreign--History  Search this
Travailleurs étrangers mexicains--Histoire  Search this
Travailleurs agricoles étrangers--Histoire  Search this
Social conditions  Search this
International economic relations  Search this
Agricultural laborers, Foreign  Search this
Foreign workers, Mexican  Search this
Inmigrantes--Condiciones sociales  Search this
Foreign economic relations  Search this
Conditions sociales  Search this
Condiciones sociales  Search this
Relaciones económicas exteriores  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162360

Sharecroppers of the sertão economics and dependence on a Brazilian plantation [by] Allen W. Johnson

Author:
Johnson, Allen W  Search this
Physical description:
153 p illustrations, maps, group ports 23 cm
Type:
Books
bibliografía
bibliographie
bibliography
Place:
Brazil, Northeast
Nordeste (Brésil)
Brésil du Nord-est
Brasil
Brazil
Brésil
Northeast Brazil
Date:
1971
Topic:
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Plantation life  Search this
Plantations  Search this
Sharecroppers  Search this
Métayers  Search this
Plantations, Vie dans les  Search this
Travailleurs agricoles  Search this
Vie dans les plantations  Search this
Agricultura  Search this
Agricultural economics  Search this
Labor and laborers, Agricultural  Search this
Tenure types, Traditional  Search this
algodón  Search this
condiciones de vida  Search this
conditions de vie  Search this
coton  Search this
cotton  Search this
ecología  Search this
écologie  Search this
ecology  Search this
investigación  Search this
living conditions  Search this
plantación  Search this
plantation worker  Search this
plantation  Search this
recherche  Search this
research  Search this
trabajador de las plantaciones  Search this
travailleur des plantations  Search this
tropical zone  Search this
zona tropical  Search this
zone tropicale  Search this
calificación  Search this
consecuencias económicas  Search this
conséquences économiques  Search this
cuadros estadísticos  Search this
cultivation technique  Search this
economic implication  Search this
familia  Search this
famille  Search this
family  Search this
internal migration  Search this
labour supply  Search this
landowner  Search this
migración interna  Search this
migration interne  Search this
motivación  Search this
motivation  Search this
niveau de vie  Search this
nivel de vida  Search this
oferta de mano de obra  Search this
offre de main-d'oeuvre  Search this
propietario rural  Search this
propriétaire foncier  Search this
qualifications  Search this
skill  Search this
standard of living  Search this
statistical table  Search this
tableau statistique  Search this
technique de culture  Search this
técnica de cultivo  Search this
Call number:
HD1531.B7 J67X
HD1531.B7J67X
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_7667

Agricola a study of agriculture and rustic life in the Greco-Roman world from the point of view of labour

Author:
Heitland, William Emerton 1847-1935  Search this
Physical description:
x, 492 p 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Greece
Italy
Grèce
Italie
Date:
1970
1921
Topic:
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Italy--Rural conditions  Search this
Slavery  Search this
Travailleurs agricoles  Search this
Rural conditions  Search this
Call number:
HD132 .H4 1970X
HD132.H4 1970X
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_6666

The Angolite, Vol. VII, No. VI

Edited by:
Wilbert Rideau, American, born 1942  Search this
Billy Sinclair, American, born 1945  Search this
Written by:
Tommy Mason  Search this
Illustrated by:
Larry Stegall  Search this
Louis Ortega  Search this
Subject of:
Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola, American, founded 1835  Search this
Medium:
ink on paper
Dimensions:
H x W x D (closed): 11 1/8 × 8 9/16 × 3/8 in. (28.3 × 21.7 × 1 cm)
Type:
magazines (periodicals)
Place made:
West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
Date:
November/December 1982
Topic:
African American  Search this
Journalism  Search this
Justice  Search this
Men  Search this
Prisons  Search this
Credit Line:
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Wilbert Rideau and Linda LaBranche
Object number:
2016.139.1.3
Restrictions & Rights:
© Wilbert Rideau
Permission required for use. Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
See more items in:
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification:
Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
Data Source:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd50157d1b5-47b3-4b7e-9a1e-9cee78abb7e0
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmaahc_2016.139.1.3
Online Media:

Cookbook for Protestors, 1970s

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 8 1/2 in x 7 in; 21.59 cm x 17.78 cm
Object Name:
booklet
pamphlet
Place made:
United States: Missouri, Kansas City
Date made:
ca 1971
Subject:
Food Culture  Search this
Food Processing  Search this
Labor Unions  Search this
labor issues  Search this
Latino  Search this
ID Number:
2012.0036.02
Catalog number:
2012.0036.02
Accession number:
2012.0036
See more items in:
Home and Community Life: Domestic Life
Food
FOOD: Transforming the American Table 1950-2000
Exhibition:
Food: Transforming the American Table
Exhibition Location:
National Museum of American History
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ad-9dd9-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1422157

Group of Agricultural Laborers in Costume Eating Lunch And Smoking Water Pipe in Field; Cow and Puppy Nearby

Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (006 in x 005 in)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Place:
Pakistan
Date:
1956
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04826600

OPPS NEG.MNH 562J
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pakistan
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Pakistan: West Pakistan: General 04826600, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Pakistan / West Pakistan
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw392f0b4f5-1798-4e4c-a72c-95aa0bc8b37d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref8947
Online Media:

Group of Agricultural Laborers in Costume Eating Lunch And Smoking Water Pipe in Field; Cow and Puppy Nearby

Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (010 in x 008 in)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Place:
Pakistan
Date:
1956
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04826700

OPPS NEG.MNH 562J
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pakistan
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Pakistan: West Pakistan: General 04826700, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Pakistan / West Pakistan
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw31f700d32-ded5-4d6f-a628-27384220094a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref8948

Group of Agricultural Laborers in Costume Working in Field; Cloth Bags Hanging on Pole in Foreground

Collector:
United States.. National Archives and Records Administration  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (010 in x 008 in)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
1923
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04846200
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Siam -- Chian Rai Province
Thailand -- Chian Rai Province
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Nat Arch Coll 04846200, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw35d31de88-450b-4914-9e13-3539b427c95a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9143

Delegate

Published by:
MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this
Created by:
C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this
Amos T. Hall, American, 1896 - 1971  Search this
Subject of:
New York Giants, American, founded 1925  Search this
National Pan-Hellenic Council, American, founded 1930  Search this
Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this
Dr. Ralph Bunche, American, 1903 - 1971  Search this
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, American, founded 1957  Search this
National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this
Adam Clayton Powell Jr., American, 1908 - 1972  Search this
National Black Political Convention, 1971 - 1972  Search this
Logan H. Westbrook, American  Search this
Roy Wilkins, American, 1901 - 1981  Search this
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this
Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this
Tufts University, American, founded 1852  Search this
Democratic Party, American, founded 1828  Search this
National Insurance Association, American, founded 1921  Search this
National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this
National Council of Negro Women, founded 1935  Search this
Republican Party, American, founded 1854  Search this
American Bridge Association, American, founded 1932  Search this
Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this
Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this
The Drifters, Inc., American, founded 1957  Search this
National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this
Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this
Patti Austin, American, born 1950  Search this
National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this
National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this
George Leslie Brown, American, 1926 - 2006  Search this
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this
Otha N. Brown Jr., American, 1931 - 2009  Search this
Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this
Gladys W. Dixon, American, born 1901  Search this
Daughters of Isis, American, founded 1910  Search this
National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this
National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this
Shirley Anita Chisholm, American, 1924 - 2005  Search this
National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees, American, founded 1913  Search this
369th Veterans Association, American  Search this
Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this
Medium:
ink on paper
Dimensions:
H x W x D: 11 × 8 7/16 × 3/8 in. (28 × 21.5 × 0.9 cm)
Type:
magazines (periodicals)
Place made:
Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted:
Miami, Dade County, Florida, United States, North and Central America
Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States, North and Central America
California, United States, North and Central America
Colorado, United States, North and Central America
Connecticut, United States, North and Central America
Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, North and Central America
Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America
Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
Date:
1972
Topic:
African American  Search this
Advertising  Search this
Associations and institutions  Search this
Black Press  Search this
Business  Search this
Communities  Search this
Fraternal organizations  Search this
Fraternities  Search this
Funeral customs and rites  Search this
Government  Search this
HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this
Journalism  Search this
Labor  Search this
Mass media  Search this
Men  Search this
Political organizations  Search this
Politics  Search this
Professional organizations  Search this
Religion  Search this
Sororities  Search this
U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this
Urban life  Search this
Women  Search this
Women's organizations  Search this
Credit Line:
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely
Object number:
2012.167.6
Restrictions & Rights:
Public domain
Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
See more items in:
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification:
Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
Data Source:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57be2842a-c611-469d-b78d-3ea1f77c7055
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.6
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  • View <I>Delegate</I> digital asset number 1

Pineapple field worker's pants

Physical Description:
canvas (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 41 in x 17 1/2 in; 104.14 cm x 44.45 cm
part: 12 in; 30.48 cm
part: 23 in; 58.42 cm
Object Name:
pants
Place Made:
United States: Hawaii, Oahu, Wahiawa
Worn:
United States: Hawaii
Date made:
n.d.
Subject:
Japanese Americans  Search this
Agricultural Laborers  Search this
Credit Line:
Gift of Gary Ryoichi Sawai
ID Number:
2009.0168.01
Accession number:
2009.0168
Catalog number:
2009.0168.01
See more items in:
Work and Industry: Asian Pacific American Business
Agriculture
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ad-31d4-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1393893
Online Media:

hoe

Physical Description:
metal (overall material)
wood (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 15 1/2 in x 5 7/8 in x 4 5/8 in; 39.37 cm x 14.92306 cm x 11.74788 cm
Object Name:
Hoe
Used:
United States: California
Subject:
labor issues  Search this
Farmers and Ranchers  Search this
Labor Unions  Search this
Credit Line:
Marcelino Zavala
ID Number:
1993.3147.01
Catalog number:
1993.3147.01
Nonaccession number:
1993.3147
See more items in:
Political and Military History: Political History, Labor History Collection
Agriculture
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a9-c21d-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1144470

Radical Groups--Sharecroppers

Collection Creator:
Kent, Rockwell, 1882-1971  Search this
Container:
Reel 5227, Frame 866-960
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1936-1940, undated
Scope and Contents note:
(correspondence about plight of southern agricultural laborers and their need to unionize, request for Kent to design stamp for the cause, and film about sharecroppers; letters from Lee Hays concerning his progress as a writer, with copy of a short story; printed matter)
Collection Restrictions:
The microfilm of this collection has been digitized and is available online via AAA's website. Use of material not microfilmed or digitized requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Rockwell Kent papers, circa 1840-1993, bulk 1935-1961. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Rockwell Kent papers
Rockwell Kent papers / Series 1: Alphabetical Files
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9afb7b826-005a-438a-b5af-6009e4cb41a1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aaa-kentrock-ref3163

Captain Swing by E. J. Hobsbawm and George Rudé

Author:
Hobsbawm, E. J (Eric J.),.) 1917-2012  Search this
Author:
Rudé, George F. E  Search this
Physical description:
384 pages plate, 1 illustrations, facsimiles, maps 23 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Great Britain
England
Angleterre
Grande-Bretagne
Angleterre (GB)
Date:
1969
19e siècle
19th century
Topic:
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Agriculture--Economic aspects  Search this
Agriculture--Aspect économique  Search this
Travailleurs agricoles  Search this
Agricultural laborers--History  Search this
Révoltes paysannes  Search this
Rural conditions  Search this
Boerenbewegingen  Search this
Industriële revolutie  Search this
Opstanden  Search this
Conditions rurales  Search this
Conditions sociales  Search this
Call number:
HD1534 .H58X
HD1534.H58X
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_2334

Maryland Farm Diary

Associated name:
Bond, William  Search this
Brown, Annie  Search this
Brown, Charles  Search this
Brown, Edward  Search this
Brown, Henry  Search this
Campbell, William  Search this
Gemmill, Benjamin B.  Search this
Gemmill, Ephraim  Search this
Goodwater, Charles  Search this
Johnston, Thomas  Search this
Johnstone, Samuel  Search this
Jones, William  Search this
Klob, Ella  Search this
Lomax, Joseph  Search this
Morgan, John  Search this
Pugh, Edward  Search this
Schultz, William  Search this
Sewell, Rose  Search this
Spencer, George  Search this
West, William  Search this
Whitaker, James  Search this
Former owner:
Valentino, Carmen D.  Search this
Extent:
0.15 Cubic feet (1 item)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Record books
Daybooks
Financial records
Account books
Place:
Harford County, Maryland
Fallston, Harford County, Maryland
Bel Air, Harford County, Maryland
Watervale, Harford County, Maryland
Maryland
Ashland
Hanways' Mill
Potspring, Maryland
Maryland -- Family farms
Timonium, Maryland
Fairs -- 1870-1879 -- United States
Forest Hill, Harford County, Maryland
Date:
1879-1884
Summary:
A farm journal and account book for a farm located at Long Branch, Harford County, Maryland, covering the time period March 1879 to August 1884 (excepting 1880) and documenting all aspects of farm life and labor.
Scope and Contents:
The diary bears numerous handwriting styles, denoting more than one author. The farm documented in this volume featured truck farming, orchards, small grain crops, dairying, and hogs. A possible German or Amish influence is indicated, probably due to its proximity to Pennsylvania, with such products as cider, sauerkraut, wheat and hay being produced, as well as by products from hogs including sausages, lard, and pudding (scrapple). Curing and preservation of meat is documented as well.

All tasks of day-to-day life on the farm, by whom they were performed and with what equipment as well as the weather were recorded. The compiler recorded other such detail as which fertilizers were used for which crops, variety names, how much was paid to each hand who worked on the farm (in the case of tenant farmers, with firewood or cow pasture), names given to animals, and such things as laborers' travel to nearby towns to purchase goods and supplies. Especially descriptive are the parts of the diary relating to livestock, with entries for births, sales, and activities such as butchering, sausage making, curing and preservation of meat.

The farm was comprised of fields, orchards, meadows and gardens, in addition to a number of outbuildings, sheds, smokehouses, a barn, a stable, and a blacksmith shop. Maintenance of these buildings is described in detail in the diary.

This volume is rich in detail about the functioning of a typical American farm during this time period. It also includes an entry for the Fallston, Maryland earthquake of March 11, 1883 (page 95).
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into one series.

Series 1, Farm diary, 1879-1884
Biographical / Historical:
This diary is a combined farm journal and account book for a farm located at or near Long Branch, Harford County, Maryland, covering the time period from March 1879 to August 1894, excepting the year 1880. This was a time when American agriculture was on the cusp of mechanization, and a time when increasing urbanization was changing the demographics of farm life. More and more youth were relocating to urban areas, challenging small family farms to continue to run with fewer people, and forcing them to bring on day laborers or other help.

Farms in the northern part of Maryland were quite distinct from those in the southern part, where tobacco dominated. The farm documented in this volume featured truck farming, orchards, small grain crops, dairying, and hogs. A possible German or Amish influence is indicated, probably due to its proximity to Pennsylvania, with such products as cider, sauerkraut, wheat and hay being produced, as well as by products from hogs including sausages, lard, and pudding (scrapple). Curing and preservation of meat is documented in the volume as well. The products (wheat, hay, cider, sauerkraut) being sold in nearby towns (as documented in the volume) indicates that the farm was not just self-sufficient but also a profitable participant in the market economy.

An interesting entry is found on page 95, for March 11, 1883, "A very perceptible earthquake was experienced here the house shook, & things on sideboard rattled. It lasted about 3 minutes." This is primary documentation of the Fallston, Maryland quake. Other entries mention the Maryland State Fair at Timonium, trips to Hanways' Mill, Ashland and other local destinations.
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Robinson and Via Family Papers, 1845-2010, (AC0475)

Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records, 1986-1991, (AC0773)

John K. Parlett Collection of Agriculture Ephemera, (AC1225)
Provenance:
This collection was purchased at auction from Carmen D. Valentino of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2012.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Housewives -- United States  Search this
Rural women  Search this
Rural scenes  Search this
Farms -- Maryland  Search this
Sausages  Search this
Rural families  Search this
Work and family  Search this
Farmers  Search this
Agriculture -- 1870-1940 -- Maryland  Search this
Gardens -- Maryland  Search this
Earthquakes -- Maryland  Search this
Gardening  Search this
Weather conditions  Search this
Family farms  Search this
Farmers -- 19th century  Search this
Agriculture  Search this
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Agricultural supplies and equipment -- 1850-1870  Search this
Fairs -- 1880-1889 -- United States  Search this
Agricultural Prices  Search this
Agricultural products  Search this
Genre/Form:
Record books
Daybooks -- 1870-1880
Financial records -- 19th century
Account books -- 19th century
Daybooks -- 1880-1910
Citation:
Maryland Farm Diary, 1879-1884, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1267
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b4e7e455-c161-4b17-827d-557d29827ff0
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1267

(74) Ploughing flooded ground for rice-planting - north from main highway at Uji near Kyoto, Japan

Publisher:
Underwood & Underwood  Search this
Collector:
Rosin, Henry D., Dr.  Search this
Rosin, Nancy  Search this
Collection Collector:
Rosin, Henry D., Dr.  Search this
Rosin, Nancy  Search this
Collection Creator:
Lyman, Benjamin Smith, 1835-1920  Search this
Ueno, Hikoma, 1838-1904  Search this
Beato, Felice, b. ca. 1825  Search this
Stillfried, Raimund, Baron von, 1839-1911  Search this
Underwood & Underwood  Search this
Extent:
1 Stereograph (8 x 17 cm.)
Type:
Archival materials
Stereographs
Photographs
Place:
Asia
Japan
Kyoto (Japan)
Japan -- Description and Travel
Date:
1904 or earlier
Underwood & Underwood, 1904 or earlier
Local Numbers:
R583 (Rosin Number)

FSA A1999.35 583
General:
Title printed on stereograph.
Item is number 74 in a series.
Copyright 1904 by Underwood & Underwood.
Photographer is unidentified.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Topic:
Photography -- Japan  Search this
Photography -- 19th century  Search this
Rice fields  Search this
Peasantry -- Japan  Search this
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Stereographs -- 1870-1910
Collection Citation:
Henry and Nancy Rosin Collection of Early Photography of Japan. FSA.A1999.35. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Purchase and partial donation.
Identifier:
FSA.A1999.35, Item FSA A1999.35 583
See more items in:
Henry and Nancy Rosin Collection of Early Photography of Japan
Henry and Nancy Rosin Collection of Early Photography of Japan / Series FSA A1999.35 A4: Set of Underwood & Underwood stereographs of Japan
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc30b77acd0-2c7b-4f1a-8030-fb0a7feac92f
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-fsa-a1999-35-ref129
Online Media:

Leonard Nadel Photographs and Scrapbooks

Photographer:
Nadel, Leonard, 1916-1990  Search this
Author:
Galarza, Ernesto  Search this
Extent:
3 Cubic feet (10 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Black-and-white photographs
Scrapbooks
Place:
Mexico
Texas -- 20th century
Texas
California
Date:
1950-2006
bulk 1956-1960
Summary:
Photographer Leonard Nadel's supplemental material relating to and photographs of the Mexican braceros (manual laborers). They were photographed in California, Texas, and Mexico for the Ford Foundation's Fund for the Republic during the late 1950s and early 1960s in support of a report entitled Strangers in Our Fields by Dr. Ernesto Galarza.
Scope and Contents:
The collection is divided into three series. Each series is arranged chronologically.

Series 1: Scrapbooks, 1950-1968, contains scrapbooks of clippings of magazine articles and newspaper stories written by Nadel and others as well as magazines and newspaper articles making use of his photographs. The material is from a variety of specialty and mainstream publications and varies in subject matter. The scrapbooks are not only focused on Nadel's work for the Ford Foundation's Fund for the Republic but also offer a broad sampling of his work throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Material in the scrapbooks are arranged in rough chronological order. There is also a sample custom cover from one of the scrapbooks.

Series 2: Photographs, 1956-1960, undated, contains photographs printed from his negatives of the braceros. This series also contains a complete run of 8" x 10" contact sheets from his negatives of the bracero. The negatives themselves are in this series but not available for research per donor request. There are photographs ranging in size from 8" x 10" to large format photographs (10 1/2" x 13 1/2") that are keyed to frames on the contact sheets for easy reference. Negatives are arranged chronologically and captions are keyed to the negative numbers. These images have been digitized and may be found by searching "Nadel" on the collections section of the National Museum of American History website or by contacting the Archives Center.

Series 3: Publications and Supplemental Materials, 1956-2006, undated, contains correspondence, copies of Strangers in Our Fields, the publication making use of Nadel's bracero photographs, and other publications citing Nadel's work or based on it. This series also contains correspondence and written material from Evelyn De Wolfe Nadel, wife of Leonard Nadel; material relating to Nadel's photographic archive and captions for a selection of the bracero photographs. There is a selection of assorted loose news clippings.
Arrangement:
This collection is divided into three series:

Series 1: Scrapbooks, 1950-1968

Series 2: Photographs, 1956-1960, undated

Series 3: Publications and Supplemental Materials, 1956-2006, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Primarily known as a freelance photographer and photojournalist, Leonard Nadel (1916-1990) was born in Harlem, New York to Austro-Hungarian immigrant parents. He attended the City College of New York. Entering the Army during World War II, he trained at the Army Signal Corps Photographic Center. During the war he served in Australia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. After the war he returned to New York and received his master's degree in education from Teachers College, Columbia University. He moved to Los Angeles, California and studied at the Art Center College of Design.

In Los Angeles, Nadel photographed both the Pueblo del Rio and Aliso Village housing projects. He was also hired by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) to document living conditions in the city's slums and their new post-World War II housing projects. Nadel continued his employment with HACLA until 1953, when he resigned because his HACLA colleague, Frank Wilkinson, was blacklisted by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) and forced to resign.

Between 1953 and 1980 Nadel worked as a freelance photographer for such publications as the Los Angeles Times, Harvester News, Life, Business Week, and other major publications. His work with the Ford Foundation's Fund for the Republic resulted in his work documenting the bracero program. These photographs were taken by Leonard Nadel in connection with a survey of braceros done by Ernesto Galarza for the Fund for the Republic in 1956 in support of the publication, Strangers in Our Fields. During World War II, the United States and Mexico entered an agreement to alleviate the US labor shortage created by the war by importing Mexican workers. This arrangement outlasted the end of the war and by the time of Nadel's photographs nearly half a million Mexican contract workers, in the common vernacular of the time known as "drybacks," were legally imported to the United States annually working on short term labor contracts predominately in agriculture. These workers were also known as braceros, in Spanish translated as "manual laborer".

Nadel wrote of his work with the braceros, "I covered 5,000 miles during a circuit that took me from California to Mexico to Texas. It would have been easy enough just to turn over to the Fund the finished collection of photographs from the 2,000 images I took in attempting to accurately document the story of Strangers in Our Fields. But the conditions I had witnessed stirred me deeply. I felt that it was as much my responsibility to help 'sell' the picture story."

Nadel's photographs were the subject of the National Museum of American History (NMAH) exhibition, "Bittersweet Harvest: The Bracero Program, 1942-1964" in 2009-2010. Nadel's photographs are featured in NMAH's "America on the Move" exhibit. This quote from the "America on the Move" exhibition website gives the history of the photographs as well as the bracero program.

"In 1956, Leonard Nadel was hired by the Fund for the Republic, an anti-McCarthy liberal spin off of the Ford Foundation, to document the Bracero Program. In the 1990s, the Smithsonian Institution acquired the Nadel images. The collection contains 64 captioned photographic prints and 1730 original 35mm negatives (with corresponding contact sheets). The images document life in Mexico, men's experiences of crossing the border, and work and life in the US.

"The Bracero Program came into existence in 1942. Growers argued that labor shortages in the United States resulting from World War II required the recruitment of Mexican nationals. Mexico saw the program as a contribution to the war effort. Although the program began as a temporary war measure, it became a fixture of agricultural work landscape until it was finally terminated in 1964.

"Over the course of its lifetime, the Bracero Program became the largest and most significant U.S. labor guest worker program of the 20th century. In all, over 4.5 million contracts were awarded through the twenty-two years of the program. Despite the well-intentioned contracts, the program did not escape controversy. Some point out the widespread abuses of many of the contract's protective provisions and the violation of the legal rights and civil liberties of the braceros while others describe the program as an opportunity for Mexican nationals to make a living and improve the conditions of their families. Regardless of one's opinion of the program, it had a profound effect on Mexican American settlement patterns in the U.S. and numerous Latino families have ancestors who were involved in the Bracero Program."

Nadel married Los Angeles Times staff writer Evelyn De Wolfe in August 1961. She was Brazilian by birth and after their marriage she resigned from the Times and collaborated with Nadel on many projects that covered both national and international subjects. Nadel died in 1990.
Related Materials:
Materials in Other Organizations

The collections of the Los Angeles Public Library and the Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research each contain photographic images made by Leonard Nadel during the time he worked for The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA). The Photo Collection of the Los Angeles Public Library contains approximately 290 copy negatives and corresponding black-and-white copy prints made from original materials held by HACLA. The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles Photograph Collection, held at the Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research, contains 225 black-and-white photographs produced by HACLA, forty-two of which were taken by Nadel.

The Getty Research Institute, Special Collections, Los Angeles, California, contain 8.75 linear feet (14 boxes) of Leonard Nadel photographs and other material relating to housing and urban redevelopment in Los Angeles, 1947-1998. The collection is described as, "Consisting primarily of photographic material by Leonard Nadel from 1947 to 1957, the collection records early efforts by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) to promote integrated public housing for the city's growing multi-ethnic population, and also documents several areas of the city that the Community Redevelopment Agency (CRA) had targeted for commercial revitalization. Nadel's black-and-white negatives, contact prints and two unpublished photographic books form the bulk of the collection, supplemented by handwritten notes and related documents."
Provenance:
The collection was purchased with funds from the Jackson Fund in 2000. All rights were transferred to the National Museum of American History in 2000-2001.
Restrictions:
This collection is open for research use. Photographic negatives are not available for research at the donor's request, but contact sheets of the negatives are available in the collection. Some images are restricted for publication, but may be viewed in the Archives Center's reading room.

Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs, negatives, and slides.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Farmers -- Mexico  Search this
Agriculture -- Research  Search this
Agriculture -- Photographs -- 20th century  Search this
Labor  Search this
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Labor and laboring classes -- Photographs  Search this
Documentary photography -- United States  Search this
Photographers -- 1950-1980  Search this
Bracero Program  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographic prints
Photographs -- 1950-1960 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Photographs -- 1950-2000
Black-and-white photographs
Scrapbooks -- 20th century
Citation:
Leonard Nadel Photographs and Scrapbooks, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1313
See more items in:
Leonard Nadel Photographs and Scrapbooks
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b054fe8c-7f40-4865-9b3d-b623e3e5ac43
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1313
Online Media:

Life on the other border farmworkers and food justice in Vermont Teresa M. Mares

Author:
Mares, Teresa M. 1978-  Search this
Physical description:
1 online resource
Type:
Electronic resources
Place:
Vermont
Date:
2019
Topic:
Dairy workers--Social conditions  Search this
Foreign workers, Latin American--Social conditions  Search this
Agricultural laborers, Foreign--Social conditions  Search this
Industrie laitière--Personnel--Conditions sociales  Search this
Travailleurs étrangers latino-américains--Conditions sociales  Search this
Travailleurs agricoles étrangers--Conditions sociales  Search this
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS--Labor  Search this
POLITICAL SCIENCE--Labor & Industrial Relations  Search this
SOCIAL SCIENCE--Anthropology--Cultural  Search this
Agricultural laborers, Foreign--social conditions  Search this
agricultural economy  Search this
Agricultural Sector  Search this
agriculture  Search this
dairy industry  Search this
economy  Search this
essential workers  Search this
ethnographic portraits  Search this
farmworkers  Search this
food insecurity  Search this
food justice  Search this
food system  Search this
immigration policies  Search this
labor rights  Search this
labor  Search this
latinx  Search this
migrant farmworkers  Search this
northeastern borders  Search this
structural vulnerability  Search this
United States  Search this
vermont  Search this
Call number:
HD8039.D32 V455 2019 (Internet)
Restrictions & Rights:
1-user
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162429

Transborder Los Angeles an unknown transpacific history of Japanese-Mexican relations Yu Tokunaga

Author:
Tokunaga, Yū 1982-  Search this
Physical description:
1 online resource illustrations
Type:
Electronic resources
Place:
California
Los Angeles
United States
États-Unis
Date:
2022
20th century
20e siècle
Topic:
Immigrants  Search this
Japanese  Search this
Mexicans  Search this
Agriculture--Social aspects  Search this
Japonais  Search this
HISTORY / United States / 20th Century  Search this
Call number:
JV6926.L67 T65 2022 (Internet)
Restrictions & Rights:
1-user
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162448

The strikers of Coachella a rank-and-file history of the UFW movement Christian O. Paiz

Author:
Paiz, Christian O  Search this
Subject:
United Farm Workers of America History  Search this
Physical description:
1 online resource (ix, 399 pages) illustrations, maps
Type:
Electronic resources
History
Place:
California
Coachella Valley
Coachella Valley (Calif.)
Date:
2023
20th century
Topic:
Strikes and lockouts--Agricultural laborers--History  Search this
Agricultural laborers--Labor unions--History  Search this
Chicano movement--History  Search this
Mexican American agricultural laborers--History  Search this
Filipino American migrant agricultural laborers--History  Search this
POLITICAL SCIENCE / Labor & Industrial Relations  Search this
Agricultural laborers--Labor unions  Search this
Chicano movement  Search this
Filipino American migrant agricultural laborers  Search this
Mexican American agricultural laborers  Search this
Strikes and lockouts--Agricultural laborers  Search this
History  Search this
Call number:
HD6515.A292 U545 2023
Restrictions & Rights:
Unlimited users
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162472

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