Audiovisual materials created for an exhibition on African American Dance, held at the Arts and Industries Building December 14, 2000 - June 1, 2001. More than 300 paintings, photographs, sculpture, and archival objects -- some dating to the early 1600s -- are used to trace African American dance from its roots in west and central Africa through the 20th century. On view are masks, robes, drums and musical instruments from Africa, along with works by such artists as Richmond Barthe, Romare Bearden, John Biggers, Elizabeth Catlett, Archibald Motley, Sam Gilliam, and Howardena Pindell. Dancers featured include the Nicholas Brothers, Josephine Baker, Carmen de Lavallade, and Alvin Ailey. Organized by the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center, Wilberforce, Ohio. Sponsored by the Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture. This collection of audiovisual records contains sound recordings of the exhibition script.
Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Some items are not accessible due to obsolete format and playback machinery restrictions. Please contact the archivist at acmarchives@si.edu.
"Studies in Nigerian Dance, no. 1 and 2" made ca. 1966 by Francis Speed. Collection includes associated texts.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Provenance:
Received from Gordon Gibson in 1982.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
The Historic Maps of Africa collection includes 78 maps and dates from circa 1631 to 1973. Geographic content of individual maps varies from topographical information, boundaries of colonial territories, and ethnic groups, among other topics. While several depict the continent of Africa in its entirety, many focus on specific countries and geographic regions. There are a particularly large number of maps depicting the West African Coast.
Scope and Contents:
The Historic Maps of Africa collection consists of 78 maps, dating from circa 1631 to 1973, with the bulk created in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The maps vary in size, ranging from the smallest at 7 x 7 (7/8) inches to the largest at 40 x 30 (5/8) inches.
Geographic content of individual maps varies from topographical information, boundaries of colonial territories, and ethnic groups, among other topics. While several depict the continent of Africa in its entirety, many focus on specific countries and geographic regions. There are a particularly large number of maps depicting the West African Coast.
The majority of the maps in the collection feature color illustrations. Titles and descriptions of the maps are in several languages (Dutch, English, French, German, and others), representing the different colonial powers in control at the time. Particular maps of interest include an 1830 colored map in English titled "Africa from the Best Authorities," which illustrates the entire African continent, various ethnic groups, and the inroads made by European colonial powers; and a 1656 topographic map in French depicting the west-central coast of Africa, specifically the mountains and rivers of the region.
Digital copies of the maps are available.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged in chronological order.
Restrictions:
Use of original records requires an appointment. Contact Archives staff for more details.
Rights:
Permission to reproduce images from the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives must be obtained in advance. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.
Citation:
Historic maps of Africa collection, EEPA 1991-001, Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Pennsylvania State University. Audio-Visual Services Search this
Extent:
Film reels (black-and-white color silent sound)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Film reels
Silent films
Sound films
Place:
Africa, East
Africa, Central
Africa, North
Africa, West
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Date:
1938-1978, undated
Scope and Contents:
Collection consists of at least 79 film prints retired from Penn State's Audio-Visual Services Library.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Provenance:
Received from Pennsylvania State University Audio-Visual Services in 1994.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
University of California Extension Media Center (EMC) film collection
Creator:
University of California (System). Extension Media Center Search this
Extent:
Film reels (black-and-white color sound; 36,888 feet)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Film reels
Sound films
Place:
Africa, Southern
Africa, West
Central America
East Asia
Europe
Middle East
North America
Oceania
South America
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Date:
circa 1950-1980
Scope and Contents:
Collection consists of films distributed by the University of California Extension Media Center.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Provenance:
Received from the University of California at Berkeley Extension Media Center in 1993.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Sound films
Citation:
University of California Extension Media Center (EMC) film collection, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Footage shot in the Yoruba town of Ogbomosho, Nigeria. Mrs. Anders, who worked as the supervisor of native nurses in the local hospital, filmed various aspects of daily life including farming, weaving, pottery making, and food preparation. Footage includes scenes of masked dance ceremonies featuring different types of egungun (masked dances), the local chief of the town on his throne receiving obeisance from male subjects, and hospital patients with leprosy.
Legacy Keywords: Language and culture ; Carving wooden bowls Nigeria ; Food preparation mortar and pestle Nigeria ; Carrying loads on head Nigeria ; Musical instruments stringed Nigeria ; Hospitals British Nigeria ; Political authority chiefs retainers Nigeria ; Cooking Nigeria ; Plagues locusts Nigeria ; Masks dance egungun Nigeria ; Possession religious Nigeria ; Markets Nigeria ; House construction walls roofs Nigeria ; Prayer Muslims Nigeria ; Pottery making of Nigeria ; Shrines Yoruba Nigeria ; Kneading mortar and pestle Nigeria ; Cattle Brahmin Nigeria ; Games wari Nigeria ; Baptism immersion Nigeria ; Acculturation Christianity Nigeria ; Processions dance Nigeria ; Boy Scouts Nigeria ; Nurses Nigeria ; Disease leprosy Nigeria ; Hides leopard skins political authority Nigeria
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Local Number:
HSFA 1990.21.1
Provenance:
Received from te San Diego Museum of Man in 1990.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Collection consists of video recordings of Bamana puppet masquerade performances taped in Markala, Segou Region of Mali and the village of Kirango, Mali.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Provenance:
Received from Mary Jo Arnoldi in 2007 and 2011.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Full video record documents performances of a variety of dance societies from the Kingdom of Bafut and the neighboring kingdom of Babanki (Kedjum Keku) in the northwest province of Cameroon. A prominent feature of Bafut political life, ownership of specific dances by sub-chiefs and important nobles is a constituting element of their political authority. The dances documented in this collection include various parts of the Bafut annual ritual cycle, command performances, and mortuary celebrations. Also included is documentation over a three-year period (1981-1983) of the Abin Lela Dance of the Flutes, the climactic moment of the annual ritual cycle. This annual dance in Bafut marks the death and rebirth of the year and serves as an essential act of Bafut constitutional politics. Dance footage is accompanied by selective recording of oral testimony.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Local Numbers:
HSFA 1988.8.1
Provenance:
This collection was deposited by Dr. Ronald Engard in 1988.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Collection consists of 37 episodes of the Japanese documentary series Man TV. The tevision broadcast series was produced by Jun'ichi Ushiyama for Nippon A-V (NAV). Film crews would spend extended periods, often over several years, with the cultural groups documented. The series was originally produced for Japanese audiences and later modified and released in an English language version.
The collection also includes publicity materials, articles, and logs.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Provenance:
Received from Nippon A-V Productions in 2004.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Sound films
Citation:
Man TV, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
A. Harvey Schreter (1916-2008) was a world traveler and collector of pre-Columbian, African, and Pacific art. The collection contains materials related to trips taken by Harvey and his wife Phyllis between 1960 and 2000, slide lectures based on these trips,and personal and professional papers.
Scope and Contents:
The A. Harvey Schreter papers consist of correspondence, lecture notes, promotional materials, clippings, photographs (color 35mm slides and prints), scrapbooks, and audio and video recordings documenting his world travels, lecture series, and personal and professional life. The bulk of the collection contains material related to trips taken by Harvey and his wife Phyllis to North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania between 1960 and 2000. These trips becasme the basis for lectures delivered by the Schreters monthly from the 1980s through the early 2000s. Also included are personal and biographical papers of Harvey Schreter, his wife Phyllis, their children and extended family; materials related to Harvey's membership in the Explorers Club; materials related to the Schreter Neckwear Company; and materials related to the "Schreter System," an exercise program for the pelvic floor muscles.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into two series: (1) World travels, lectures, and related documentation and (2) Personal and professional papers.
Biographical Note:
A. Harvey Schreter (1916-2008) was the President of Schreter Neckware, a necktie manufacturer, as well as a world traveler and collector of pre-Columbian, African and Pacific art. Schreter became a member of the Explorers Club in 1982, frequently lecturing to the Washington Chapter about his travels with his wife, Phyllis Schreter.
Related Materials:
The Baltimore Museum of Industry holds the records of the Schreter Neckwear Company.
The Mid-Atlantic Regional Moving Image Archive Repository holds the A. Harvey Schreter Home Movies collection.
Separated Materials:
Video recordings in this collection have been transferred to the Human Studies Film Archives.
Provenance:
Received from Harvey Schreter in 1985 and Carol Schreter in 2016.
Restrictions:
Access to the A. Harvey Schreter papers requires an appointment.
The Frank A. Dubinskas papers document his research into the social aspects of automated manufacturing at Apple Computer in the 1990s through correspondence, field note, reports, and slides; his teaching career at Boston College and Hamline University through course evaluations, lecture notes, and tenure materials; and his early anthropological research including his study of slavonian folklore and his study of the Mende in Sierra Leone through correspondence, photographs, and publications.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Frank A. Dubinskas (1946-1993) earned a B.A. in anthropology from Yale University in 1972 and a M.A. (1976) and Ph.D. (1983) in Anthropology from Stanford University. During the 1970s, he studied Slavonian folklore and the Sande Society of the Mende in Sierra Leone. Dubinskas is best known for his pioneering work in the field of the anthropology of science and technology. He taught classes in organizational behavior at Boston College and Hamline University.
Provenance:
Received from Anna Hargreaves and Dorothy W. Dubinskas in 1998 and 2000.
Restrictions:
Some material may be restricted for privacy reasons.
Access to the Frank A. Dubinskas papers requires an appointment.
The Paul Riesman papers include material on the Fula peoples of West Africa from Riesman's research in Burkina Faso during the 1960s and 1970s. Riesman's research among the Fula peoples is primarily focused on social life and child-rearing practices. The collection consists of fieldnotes, journals, correspondence, and photographs.
Scope and Contents:
The Paul Riesman papers reflect Riesman's anthropological fieldwork among the Fula peoples of West Africa. Riesman began his fieldwork in Burkina Faso in 1966 while earning his PhD from the University of Paris. Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s Riesman resided among the Fula peoples, primarily researching social life and child-rearing practices. Riesman's research is documented in this collection through extensive fieldnotes which encompass Fula culture and Riesman's own personal reflections on life, an aspect of research which Riesman employed in his introspective approach to anthropology. Additionally, there is both personal and professional correspondence between Riesman and others. This collection contains fieldnotes, journals, and correspondence. Also present are five photographs of Riesman taken during his fieldwork.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical / Historical:
Paul Hastings Riesman (1938 – 1988) was an anthropologist who studied the Fula peoples of West Africa and was active from the mid to late 20th century. Following the footsteps of his father, American sociologist David Riesman, Paul Riesman graduated from Harvard University in 1960 with a B.A. in Social Relations. After completing his undergraduate degree, Riesman began his fieldwork in Burkina Faso among the Fula peoples while earning his PhD in Ethnology from the University of Paris. While researching Fula social life and child-rearing practices, Riesman also studied how the ethnographer's personal and cultural backgrounds are implicated in anthropological research. Riesman continued his fieldwork after earning his PhD in 1970 and would return to Burkina Faso frequently for research after becoming Associate Professor at Carleton College and later, Chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology.
Paul Riesman died of an aneurysm at the age of 50 in 1988. Following his death, colleagues helped to complete Riesman's unpublished manuscript on child-rearing practices based on his research among the Fula.
Related Materials:
The Carleton College Archives holds the Paul H. Riesman papers.
Provenance:
Received from Suzanne Riesman in 1998.
Restrictions:
Access to the Paul Riesman papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Citation:
Paul Riesman papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Alla l'aa ke (5:54) --Cewe lenkele wecho (2:15) --Cedo (6:09) --Kelefa ba (2:15) --Baa to toto (4:86) [sic] --Jato (6:39) --Alaji Bamba Bojang (2:96) [sic] --Fayunkunko (2:52) -- Dalua (4:41) --Jula Jekere (5:04).
Track Information:
101 Alla l'aa ke / Kora.
101 Cewe lenkele wecho / Kora.
103 Cedo / Kora.
104 Kelafa ba / Kora.
105 Baa to toto / Kora.
201 Jato / Kora.
202 Alaji Bamba Bojang / Kora.
203 Fayunkunko / Kora.
204 Dalua / Kora.
205 Jula Jekere / Kora.
Local Numbers:
FP-RINZ-LP-2177
Rounder.5001
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
Somerville, MA Rounder 1973
General:
Sung in Mandingo. Subtitle on container: Kora melodies from the Republic of the Gambia, West Africa. Program notes and notes on the instrument by Marc and Susan Pevar on container. Performer(s): Alhaji Bai Konte, kora and vocals, with assisting musicians.
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Record 1 Side A. North America: French Canada. Fiddle and foot-stamping --United States: Eskimo. Drum and voices ; Indian. Flute, Drums and voices ; Hawaiian. Bamboo poles, Nose-flute ; Northeast. Dulcimer ; Southeast. 5 string banjo, 12 string guitar, Fiddle and banjo ; Southern. Harmonica, Skiffle band and voice, Guitar, New Orleans street band -- Mexico and Central America: Indian harp and gourds, Marimba, Mariachi --West Indies: Steel band ; Cafe Orchestra --South America: Brazil. Drum, fife and voices ; Peru. Indian harps ; Bolivia. Cana, Quena and bombo, Sicu and drums ; Argentina. Quena, bombo, and charango. Record 1 Side B. British Isles: England. Pipe and tabor, Hand bell ringers, Concertina and voice ; Ireland. Irish harp and voice ; Uillenn bagpipes, Mouth music ; Scotland. Scotch bagpipes --Scandinavia: Norway. Hardanger fiddle, Langeleik ; Finland. Kantele --Western Europe: Netherlands. Clogs and voices ; Belgium. Street organ, Hurdy-gurdy, Vielle ; Switzerland. Alphorn and cowbells ; Austria. Zither ; Spain. Pipes, tabor and castanets, Flamenco guitar, castanets, hand-clapping, foot-stamping and voice, Guitar -- Eastern Europe: Bulgaria. Pipes and accordion ; Hungary. Cimbalom ; Russia. Balalaika, Balalika Ensemble. Record 2 Side A. Near East and Europe: Serbia (Jugoslavia). Tamboritz ; Greece. Shepherd pipe and kanun ; Turkey. Zornah, bagpipe and davul ; Armenia. Tar, zoorni, doly and hand-clapping ; Jordan. Drums and pipes ; Syria. Pipes, stringed instrument and drums ; Lebanon. Pipes, stringed instrument, drum and voice, Bagpipes and drums, Arabic drums and pipes ; Israel. Chalil and miriam drum ; Arabia. Ud ; Aden. Ud, pipes and voices ; Yemen. Pipes and drums -- Africa (West): Senegal. Halam, Tabala, iron percussion and voices ; Liberia. Bow harp, or musical bow -- Africa (West and East): Cameroon. Pit violin and drum ; Ethopia. Kinnor --Africa (Central): Talking drum and voices, Log drum, Sansa, Xylophones ; Congo. Harp, Bow Harp ; Zambia: Drums. Record 2 Side B. Asia (Central): Iran. Ud, dunbak, and pipe ; Afghanistan. Robab and tabla ; Azerbaijan-USSR. Tar, nai, rebab and hand-clapping -- Asia (Southern): Pakisan. Dholak, bansri and voices ; Kashmir. Tabla and tanpura ; India. Snake charmer music: shannai, tabula and cymbais, Introduction to instruments: tampura, tabla, sitar, Classical music and voice. Sitar, Shanai, Bansir, tanpura, tabla --Asia (Southeastern): Burma. Harp and cymbals, Guitar and cymbals, Drum circle ; Thailand. Gongs --Asia (Pacific Islands): Sabah. Gongs ; Indonesia. Garmelan --Asia (China): Erh-hu, seh, and t'i, Butterfly harp --Asia (Japan) Koto, Samisen and voice, Gongs and temple bells --Asia (Korea): Koto and drum, Flute, drum, stringed instrument and voice --Pacific Islands: Tahiti. Cocoanut drums and voice ; Philippines. Guitar and voice.
Local Numbers:
FW-ASCH-LP-1442
Follett.24
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
Follett 1964
General:
Jacket notes and leaflet include descriptions and illustrations of the instruments. Production notes: "The instruments heard on these records were recorded in their native countries." [compiled and edited by Moses Asch from the collection of Folkways Records].
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
The Betty and John Messenger papers mainly document the work of Betty and John Messenger with the Anang, Ibibo, and Efik peoples of Nigeria. Most of this fieldwork is focused on religion, art, language, and folklore. The Messengers were active in Southern Nigeria during the late 1940s to early 1950s and went on to publish extensively on the cultures they researched there. This collection consists of fieldnotes, correspondence, maps, records, an audio recording, negatives, prints, and 35 mm slides pertaining to their fieldwork in Nigeria.
Scope and Contents:
The Betty and John Messenger papers concern the Messengers' fieldwork and research with the Anang, Ibibo, and Efik peoples of Nigeria. The couple's early work in Nigeria is documented in this collection through fieldnotes, correspondence, manuscripts, site maps, vocabulary indexes, travel account books, prints, negatives, an audio recording, and 35 mm slides. There is an accompanying notebook which identifies negatives and slides in the collection.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical / Historical:
John Messenger (1920-2010) was an anthropologist who was active from the mid to late 20th century, best known for his research among the Anang, Ibibio, and Efik peoples of Nigeria, and the Anglo Irish on sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland. John met his wife, Betty, while at Lawrence University where he received his B.S. in Geology. The two began their career of joint fieldwork with the Anang in Nigeria, where John conducted dissertation research focused on religion, art, folklore, and proverbs. John received his PhD in Anthropology and African Studies in 1957 from Northwestern University. He went on to teach at multiple institutions including Michigan State, Carleton College, Indiana University, Queen's University of Belfast, Notre Dame, and Ohio State University where he retired as professor emeritus. In addition to his work in Nigeria and Ireland, John conducted research in Monserrat and New Zealand. John Messenger was also heavily involved with the Central States Anthropological Society, serving as president in 1981.
Betty Messenger (1924-2020) was a Folklorist most known for her work on industrial folklore in Northern Ireland. She received her undergraduate degree from Lawrence University, following which she and John conducted fieldwork in Nigeria. Betty went on to receive her PhD in Folklore from Indiana University and taught English composition at Ohio State University. She was also an active member of the Central States Anthropological Society and held multiple positions in the organization.
Related Materials:
Artifacts donated by Betty and John Messenger, inclduing masks, carved figures, drums, and other ethnographic material from the Anang, Ibibio, and Efik peoples of Nigeria are held in the National Museum of Natural History's Anthropology collections in accession 2072478.
Provenance:
Transferred to the National Anthropological Archives from Anthropology Collections in 2015.
Restrictions:
Access to the Betty and John Messenger papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Manuscripts
Photographs
Maps
Sound recordings
Citation:
Betty and John Messenger papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
