The collection documents the history and development of the Wurlitzer Company and consists of company publications, business records, employee files, manufacturing records, sales and marketing records, product information, publicity, advertising, photographs, audiovisual materials, and organ installation drawings.
Scope and Contents:
The collection documents the history and the development of the Wurlitzer Company. Materials include company publications, business records, employee files, manufacturing records, sales and marketing records, product information, publicity, advertising, photographs, audiovisual materials, and organ installation drawings. The material in the collection spans from 1856-1986, although information prior to 1899 is sparse.
Arrangement:
The Collection is arranged into fourteen series.
Series 1: Wurlitzer Company Histories, Company Events, and General Business Materials, circa 1880-1987; undated
Series 2: Publications, 1910-1989; undated
Series 3: Advertising and Promotional Materials, 1911-1978
Series 4: Product Information, 1860-1984; undated
Series 5: Photographs of Wurlitzer Manufacturing Plants, Employees, Stores, and Dealerships, 1869-1970; undated
Series 6: Photographs of Wurlitzer Products and Product Sales Promotions, 1900-1978; undated
Series 7, Photographs Used in Wurlitzer Advertising and Public Relations, 1904-1970; undated
Series 8: Wurlitzer Employee Records and Related Materials, 1909-1961; undated
Series 9: Production and Shipping Records, 1905-1987
Series 10: Shipping and Sales Records for Wurlitzer Dealerships, Wurlitzer Retail Stores, and Rembert Wurlitzer, Incorporated, 1917-1952
Series 11, Records of Stock Certificates, Meeting Minutes, and Related Financial and Legal Documents, 1907-1972
Series 12, Rudolph Wurlitzer Company Financial Records, 1893-1986
Series 13, Maps and Charts, 1931-1976
Series 14, Organ Installation Drawings, 1920-1931; undated
Historical Note:
The Wurlitzer Company began in 1856 when Rudolph Wurlitzer, a Cincinnati bank clerk, sold seven hundred dollars worth of musical instruments he had bought from family and friends in Germany. The busi¬ness was incorporated in Ohio in 1890 under the name the Ru¬dolph Wurlitzer Company." For the first fifty years, Wurlitzer was primarily a retail instrument business operating out of its Cincinnati Store headquarters. Although fire destroyed the com¬pany's headquarters in 1904, a new building was completed in time to celebrate Wurlitzer's fiftieth anniversary in 1906.
In 1908, the Wurlitzer Company bought the DeKleist Musical In¬strument Manufacturing Company in North Tonawanda, New York. The Rudolph Wurlitzer Manufacturing Company continued produc¬tion of automatic musical instruments including player pianos, military bands and pianorchestras. In 1910, the Wurlitzer Company bought the Hope-Jones Organ Company and began to manufacture unit-or¬chestra pipe organs at their North Tonawanda plant. These were pipe organs equipped with bells, gongs, horns and sirens. They became known as Mighty Wurlitzers and provided the musical back¬ground in silent movie houses all over the world and were also built for churches and private homes. In 1919, Wurlitzer bought the Melville-Clark Piano Company of DeKalb, Illinois. Wurlitzer pianos were then manufactured at the DeKalb facilities under a variety of names: the Apollo Piano Company, the DeKalb Piano Company and the Wurlitzer Grand Piano Company. Each name des¬ignated a different quality, price range and style.
With the decline of sales during the 1920s and 1930s, pro¬duction of automatic musical instruments ceased until the manu¬facture of the first jukebox in 1934. In 1930, the Julius Bauer Piano Company was purchased and continued to build pianos in that name until shortly before World War II. For a brief time, radios and refrigerators were made by the Wurlitzer controlled Air-Amer¬ican Mohawk Corporation. It was not a successful venture and ended in the mid-1930s. Many of the Wurlitzer retail stores were, at that time, in bad locations and needed repairs. The solutions to these problems came about with a reorganization of the company in 1935. With the reorganization, many retail stores were sold, piano manufacturing was consolidated in DeKalb and many subsidiaries were dissolved or absorbed completely into the Wurlitzer Company.
During World War II, Wurlitzer halted production of musical in¬struments. The company's defense production efforts were rec¬ognized in 1943 and 1944 when it is North Tonawanda and DeKalb plants received the Army-Navy "E" Award. In 1946, peacetime production resumed and the Wurlitzer Company introduced two new instruments: the electric organ in 1947 and the electric piano in 1954. In 1956, the Wurlitzer Company celebrated its centennial. That same year a new plant at Corinth, Mississippi, was completed. Later, plants were opened in Holly Springs, Mississippi (1961), Logan, Utah (1970) and Hullhorst, West Germany, (1960). The new facilities replaced those at North Tonawanda and DeKalb. The North Tonawanda plant ceased production of jukeboxes in 1974, becoming the company's engineering and research center. In 1973, the DeKalb plant ended production of pianos maintaining only mar¬keting and administrative offices. In 1977, the Wurlitzer Com¬pany's corporate headquarters moved to DeKalb, including the en¬gineering and research center from North Tonawanda.
Wurlitzer's three sons had assumed leadership of the company after his death in 1914. Each son acted as president then, chair of the board, successively. The company hired R.C. Rolfing in 1934 as vice-president and general manager. His re¬organization helped the company through the Depression years. Rolfing succeeded the last of the founder's sons in 1941 as pres¬ident of the company and in 1966 as chair of the board. Farny Wurlitzer, Rudolph's youngest son, died in 1972. A.D. Arsem succeeded Rolfing in 1974 as chair of the board. George B. Howell succeeded W. N. Herleman as president of the company.
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center
Steinway & Sons Records and Family Papers, 1857-1919 (AC0178)
Chickering & Sons Piano Company Collection, 1864-1985 (AC0264)
Sohmer & Company Records, 1872-1989 (AC0349)
William J. Lenz Piano Tuning Collection, circa 1903-1955 (AC0511)
Janssen Piano Company Records, 1901-1929 (AC0512)
John R. Anderson Piano Trade Literature and Ephemera Collection, circa 1850-1990 (AC1257)
Warshaw Collection of Business America's Piano and Organ related materials (AC0060)
Provenance:
Collection donated by Northern Illinois University, and Regional History Center, 1994, November 11.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Wurlitzer Company Records, 1860-1984, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
Iowa is an icon of American heartland values. Its main-street towns and farmlands evoke a peaceful vision of America, where the drama of deep personal relationships quietly unfolds. But Iowa is also home to agribusiness, high-tech, and high-skill industries that manufacture computerized combines and fiber optics, and to high-quality service industries from education to insurance. Not without dynamic tensions and social, demographic, and occupational changes, Iowa in its sesquicentennial year of 1996 fostered and nurtured a quiet but steadfast civic pride that turned out whole towns for girls' basketball games, propelled youth into 4-H clubs and adults into volunteer fire companies and social clubs, and joined residents around a morning coffee table, on a Saturday night dance floor, or in a Sunday school.
Anyone who witnessed the great floods of 1993, who saw exhausted neighbor helping neighbor, cannot be unmoved by the prevailing sense of community held by the people of Iowa. This sense of community was celebrated by the Festival program on the Mall in the Nation's Capital, and was also evident back in Iowa for the first Festival of Iowa Folklife held on the grounds of the State Capitol Building in Des Moines in August, and in a Smithsonian Folkways recording, Iowa Public Television documentary, and educational materials growing from the Festival and distributed to Iowans in the months following the Festival.
The Sesquicentennial year offered a chance to recognize the value of an Iowa that nurtures neighborliness in groups of people - no matter how diverse - who share common concerns and hopes; an Iowa that supports the vital social fabric of relationships on the local level; and an Iowa that validates an underlying belief in the viability of democratic community - all of which have provided such a prominent legacy for the state.
The Festival program highlighted the vibrant and diverse cultures of Iowa through the excellence, knowledge, and artistry of its people and offered an opportunity to observe the dynamism of community in the truest sense of the word. The Festival program also recalled the responsibility all Americans have to believe that our public culture and its active celebration through community are valuable and must be supported, if we are to have a future worth living for.
Catherine Hiebert Kerst was Program Curator for the Smithsonian Institution and Rachelle H. Saltzman was Program Curator for the Iowa Arts Council; Arlene Reiniger served as Program Coordinator.
Iowa - Community Style was made possible by and was produced in cooperation with the Iowa Sesquicentennial Commission and the Iowa Arts Council on the occasion of Iowa's 150th anniversary of statehood. Iowa corporate partners included the HON INDUSTRIES Charitable Foundation; John Deere; The Principal Financial Group Foundation, Inc.; and Barr-Nunn Transportation, Inc.
Fieldworkers:
Becky Allgood, American Indian Center - Sioux City, John Berquist, Jay Black, Phyllis Carlin, Cathy Carlyle, Casa Latina - Sioux City, Patricia Civitate, Rex Coble, Ginger Cunningham, Karen Downing, Kristin Elmquist, Tom Evans, Sheri Flanigan, April Frantz, Janet Gilmore, Twila Glenn, Gregory Hansen, Loren Horton, Rich Horwitz, Iowa Academy of Family Physicians, Iowa Commission on the Status of African Americans, Iowa Nurses' Association, Italian American Cultural Center - Des Moines, Donald Jonjack, Cornelia Kennedy, Lee Kline, Mark Knudsen, Mike Koppert, Labor Institute for Workforce Development, Catherine Lewis, Jack Libbey, Jean Lowder, Nancy Michael, Dave Moore, Jerri Morgan and John DeWall, Arnold T. Nielsen, Jane Nielsen, Carla Offenburger, Harry Oster, Janet Parrish, Paula Plasencia, Max Quaas, Harley Refsal, Stephen D. Richards, Maria Alícia Rodríguez, Janice Rosenberg, Erin Roth, Beth Hoven Ratto, Tomasa Salas, Earl Sampson, Cynthia Schmidt, Jim Skurdal, Kumsan Ryu Song, Barb Trish, Caroline Trumpold, Rose Marie Vasquez, Sarah Walker, Theresa Walker, Priscilla L. Wanatee, Cliff Weston, Mike Wiseman, Larry Wood, Michael Zahs
Presenters:
Howard Bass, Phyllis Carlin, Harold Closter, Loren Horton, Richard Horwitz, Rich Kennedy, Catherine Hiebert Kerst, Lee Kline, Jack Libbey, Dave Moore, Leroy Morton, Carla Offenburger, Chuck Offenburger, Deb Ohrn, Steven Ohrn, Beth Ratto, Rachelle H. Saltzman, Cynthia Schmidt, Cliff Weston, Michael Zahs
EVERETT KAPAYOU AND THE MESKWAKI SINGERS -- Everett Kapayou, vocals, hand drum, Tama, IowaDennis Keahna, Jr., vocals, Tama, IowaRick Keahna, Sr., vocals, Tama, IowaVerlyn Keahna, vocals, Tama, Iowa
THE KARL L. KING MUNICIPAL BAND, Fort Dodge -- Keith Altemier, Fort Dodge, IowaAlan Bridge, Fort Dodge, IowaDan Cassady, Fort Dodge, IowaMartin Crandell, Fort Dodge, IowaHarold Dean, Fort Dodge, IowaMerry Dick, Fort Dodge, IowaJohn Erickson, Fort Dodge, IowaGary Evans, Fort Dodge, IowaDianna Hanna, Fort Dodge, IowaLee Hood, Fort Dodge, IowaMary Jane Johnson, Fort Dodge, IowaInga Lang, Fort Dodge, IowaMonte Leichsenring, Fort Dodge, IowaValerie Mohring, Fort Dodge, IowaStacie Nichols, Fort Dodge, IowaDuane Olson, 1932-, Fort Dodge, IowaNancy Olson, Fort Dodge, IowaLynn Ringnalda, Fort Dodge, IowaRandy Ringnalda, Fort Dodge, IowaRoger Ringnalda, Fort Dodge, IowaRyan Ringnalda, Fort Dodge, IowaDonna Schive, Fort Dodge, IowaAdam Schroeder, Fort Dodge, IowaJoe Seykora, Fort Dodge, IowaDavid Swaroff, Fort Dodge, IowaHarlan Van de Berg, Fort Dodge, Iowa
LOUIS AND THE BLUES REVIEW -- Louis McTizic, 1936-, blues harmonica, vocals, Waterloo, IowaSam Cockhern, bass, Waterloo, IowaToby Cole, keyboards, Waterloo, IowaMichael Flack, drums, Cedar Falls, IowaFrank Howard, keyboards, Iowa City, IowaBarry Schneiderman, lead guitar, Cedar Falls, IowaEtheleen Wright, rhythm guitar, vocals, Waterloo, Iowa
THE MATNEY SISTERS -- Shelley Matney Bell, 1959-, guitar, vocals, Dakota City, NebraskaJaimee Haugen, guitar, autoharp, vocals, Gilmore City, IowaHarley Matney, guitar, Dakota City, NebraskaPam Ostapoff, vocals, Sioux City, IowaChris Ramsey, guitar, vocals, Sioux City, Iowa
ERNIE PENISTON BAND -- Ernie Peniston, vocals, Muscatine, IowaJoe Collins, guitar, West Chicago, Illinois
PSALMS -- Ronald Teague, director, keyboards, Coralville, IowaMarcus Beets, drums, Cedar Rapids, IowaAllen Bell, vocals, Cedar Rapids, IowaSharilyn Bell, 1951-, vocals, Cedar Rapids, IowaMike Cole, vocals, Cedar Rapids, IowaSandy Reed, 1949-, vocals, Cedar Rapids, IowaPaul Tillman, vocals, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
SOLIS AND SOLIS, West Liberty -- Adalberto Solis, 1963-, guitar, vocals, West Liberty, IowaEugenio Solis, 1946-, guitar, vocals, West Liberty, Iowa
Christi Williams, 1980-, basketball player, Storm Lake, Iowa
Collection Restrictions:
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1996 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
From the State of Michigan, ninety of its residents came to the 1987 Festival to speak about and demonstrate some of the rich traditional culture from that region. To help create a festival setting in which performers of valued traditions could speak about their experiences and heritages with performed music, active demonstrations, and spoken words seemed a most appropriate way to celebrate the sesquicentennial of that geographically endowed, historically important and culturally rich state.
Throughout Michigan's history those who migrated to the state have been drawn by - or have themselves introduced - fishing, trapping, mining, lumbering, farming, and automobile manufacturing. The lore of such occupations, combined with the rich ethnic heritage of those who built Michigan, form the essence of the state's traditional culture. Michigan today is home to more than one hundred different nationalities, including the country's largest population of Finns, Belgians, Maltese, and Chaldeans; the second largest numbers of Dutch, Lebanese, and French Canadians; and perhaps the largest concentration of Muslim Arabs (in southeast Dearborn) outside the Middle East. Detroit alone is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country. The heritage of these diverse groups - along with those of Native, Euro Americans, and Afro Americans who migrated to Michigan throughout the state's history - give Michigan folklife its distinctive characteristics.
Complementing a full performance schedule that highlighted Michigan's diverse musical heritage, ongoing demonstrations included lure making, fly tying, boat building, Native American quillwork, black ash basketry, finger weaving and beadwork, Dutch wooden shoe making, furniture carving, Afro American quilt making, Palestinian needlework, Ukrainian textiles and egg decorating, ski and sleigh making, decoy carving, rag rug weaving, cherry harvesting & pruning, evergreen nursery techniques, net making, and ice fishing.
Betty Belanus, Laurie Sommers, and Thomas Vennum, Jr. served as Curators for the Michigan program, with Laurie Sommers also serving as Program Coordinator and Barbara Lau, as Assistant Program Coordinator.
The Michigan Program was made possible by the Michigan Sesquicentennial Commission and the Michigan Department of State.
Fieldworkers and consultants:
Fieldworkers
Dennis Au, Michael Bell, Horace Boyer, John Alan Cicala, Timothy Cochrane, Gregory Cooper, C. Kurt Dewhurst, Stev'e Frangos, Roland Freeman, Janet Gilmore, Alicia María González, James Leary, Yvonne Lockwood, Marsha MacDowell, Phyllis M. May-Machunda, Mario Montaño, Earl Nyholm, Marsha Penti, Roger Pilon, Peter Seitel, Eliot Singer, Laurie Sommers, Nicholas R. Spitzer, Thomas Vennum, Jr.
Consultants
George Cornell, LuAnne Kozma, Robert McCarl, Oscar Paskal, Barry Lee Pearson, Joseph Spielberg
Presenters:
Dennis Au, Horace Boyer, C. Kurt Dewhurst, Paul Gifford, Janet Gilmore, James Leary, William Lockwood, Yvonne Lockwood, Marsha MacDowell, Earl Nyholm, Mario Montaño, Roger Pilon, Joseph Spielberg, Nicholas R. Spitzer, Benjamin Wilson
Sensational Gospel Tones -- Sensational Gospel TonesAlfred Charleston, Grand Rapids, MichiganDonald Charleston, lead guitar and bass player, Grand Rapids, MichiganJuanita Charleston, Grand Rapids, MichiganRev. Leon Charleston, Grand Rapids, MichiganHenrietta Fields, Grand Rapids, MichiganTanya Johnson, vocalist, drummer, Grand Rapids, MichiganNathaniel Smith, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Sugar Island Boys, Anglo-French string band -- Sugar Island Boys, Anglo-French string bandRené Coté, fiddle player, Ontario, CanadaHoney McCoy, 1904-1988, piano player, vocalist, Sault Ste. Marie, MichiganJoe Menard, 1935-, guitar player, vocalist, Sault Ste. Marie, MichiganTom Stevens, Dobro player, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
Bill Stimac & Sons, music from the Keweenaw Peninsula -- Bill Stimac & Sons, music from the Keweenaw PeninsulaBill Stimac, 1923-, accordion player, Houghton, MichiganMark Stimac, 1956-, banjo and guitar player, Houghton, MichiganRandy Stimac, 1958-, accordion player, Houghton, Michigan
Thimbleberry, Finnish music -- Thimbleberry, Finnish musicEd Lauluma, 1921-2005, fiddle player, Chassell, MichiganAl Reko, 1933-, accordion player, vocalist, St. Paul, Minnesota, MichiganOren Tikkanen, mandolin and guitar player, Calumet, Michigan
Yemeni Folkloric Dance Group, Arab village music -- Yemeni Folkloric Dance Group, Arab village musicSaleh Alward, dancer, Dearborn, MichiganMohsin Elgabri, dramatist, dancer, Oud player, Dearborn, MichiganAlsanabani Faris, dancer, Dearborn, MichiganSaeed Masjahri, dancer, Dearborn, MichiganM. Aideroos Mohsen, dancer, Dearborn, MichiganAbdo Ali Saeed, dancer, Dearborn, MichiganOmar A. Wahashi, oud and tabla player, Dearborn, Michigan
Rose Mae Menard, 1901-1988, come¬dienne, storyteller, herbalist, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
Art Moilanen, 1916-1995, vocalist, accordion player, Mass City, Michigan
Les Raber, fiddle player, Hastings, Michigan
Isaiah "Dr." Ross, 1925-1993, blues musician, Flint, Michigan
Occupations
Esperanza Alcala, ever¬green nursery worker, Grand Haven, Michigan
Steven B. Fouch, 1952-, cherry grower, extension agent, Grawn, Michigan
Elias Lopez, 1935-2004, evergreen nursery worker, Grand Haven, Michigan
Damien Lunning, trapper, Mio, Michigan
Judith Lunning, trapper, game cook, Mio, Michigan
Pedro Rodriguez, ever¬green nursery worker, Grand Haven, Michigan
Personal Experience Narrative, Flint Sit-Down Strike
Fred Ahearn, 1910-1991, Flint, Michigan
Burt Christenson, Flint, Michigan
Shirley Foster, Flint, Michigan
Berdene "Bud" Simons, Newport Richey, Florida
Nellie Simons, Newport Richey, Florida
Waterways
Josephine F. Sedlecky-Borsum, sports shop owner, fly tier, Baldwin, Michigan
Ray Davison, Great Lakes fisherman, Menominee, Michigan
Dick Grabowski, 1931-2006, Great Lakes fisherman, Menominee, Michigan
Charlie Nylund, 1933-, Great Lakes fisherman, Menominee, Michigan
Jay Stephan, river guide, boat builder, Grayling, Michigan
Elman G. "Bud" Stewart, 1913-1999, lure maker, Alpena, Michigan
Jim Wicks, ice fisherman, decoy carver, McMillan, Michigan
Ralph Wilcox, Great Lakes fisherman, fish smoker, Brimley, Michigan
David Wyss, river guide, boat builder, fly tier, Grayling, Michigan
Collection Restrictions:
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
State Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, USSR, founded 1918 Search this
Designer:
Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev, 1878 – 1927 Search this
Medium:
Porcelain, enamel, gilding
Dimensions:
21.2 cm (8 3/8 in.)
Type:
ceramics
Decorative Arts
Figure
Object Name:
Figure
Made in:
Leningrad, Soviet Union
Date:
1923
Credit Line:
The Henry and Ludmilla Shapiro Collection; Partial gift and partial purchase through the Decorative Arts Association Acquisition and Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program Funds
Lomonosov Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, USSR, founded 1744 Search this
Medium:
Porcelain, enamel
Dimensions:
13.6 cm (5 3/8 in.)
Type:
ceramics
Decorative Arts
Figure
Object Name:
Figure
Made in:
Leningrad, Soviet Union
Date:
ca. 1950
Credit Line:
The Henry and Ludmilla Shapiro Collection; Partial gift and partial purchase through the Decorative Arts Association Acquisition and Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program Funds
State Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, USSR, founded 1918 Search this
Medium:
porcelain, enamel
Dimensions:
Diameter: 21.6 cm (8 1/2 in.)
Type:
ceramics
Decorative Arts
Plate
Object Name:
Plate
Made in:
Leningrad, Soviet Union
Date:
1920
Credit Line:
The Henry and Ludmilla Shapiro Collection; Partial gift and partial purchase through the Decorative Arts Association Acquisition and Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program Funds
Lomonosov Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, USSR, founded 1744 Search this
Medium:
Enameled, gilt porcelain
Dimensions:
H: 11.4 cm (4 1/2 in.)
Type:
ceramics
Decorative Arts
Powder box and lid
Object Name:
Powder box and lid
Made in:
Leningrad, Soviet Union
Date:
1931 or later
Credit Line:
The Henry and Ludmilla Shapiro Collection; Partial gift and partial purchase through the Decorative Arts Association Acquisition and Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program Funds
