Search Results

Names:

National Museum of African American History and Culture (U.S.)  Search this

United States. National Capital Planning Commission  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Electronic records

Web sites

Date:

circa 2015

Descriptive Entry:

This accession consists of server files for the project website for the National Museum of African American History and Culture environmental impact statement and section 106. The website, a collaboration between the Office of Facilities Engineering and Operations and the United States National Capital Planning Commission, provides project information, meeting minutes, reports, news, background materials, and the final environmental impact statement. The files represent the website content from approximately 2015. Materials are in electronic format.

Topic:

Web sites  Search this

Museums -- Public relations  Search this

Museum buildings  Search this

Environmental impact statements  Search this

Genre/Form:

Electronic records

Web sites

Citation:

Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accession 22-043, Smithsonian Institution. Office of Facilities Engineering and Operations, Website Records

Identifier:

Accession 22-043

See more items in:

Website Records

Archival Repository:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-sia-fa22-043

Creator:

Alexander, John White, 1856-1915  Search this

Names:

MacDowell Club of New York  Search this

Abbey, Edwin Austin, 1852-1911  Search this

Alexander, Elizabeth A., d. 1947  Search this

Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919  Search this

Chase, William Merritt, 1849-1916  Search this

Gibson, Charles Dana, 1867-1944  Search this

James, Henry, 1843-1916  Search this

La Farge, John, 1835-1910  Search this

Levy, Florence N. (Florence Nightingale), 1870-1947  Search this

Millet, Francis Davis, 1846-1912  Search this

Remington, Frederic, 1861-1909  Search this

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 1850-1894  Search this

Whistler, James McNeill, 1834-1903  Search this

Extent:

11.9 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Awards

Interviews

Photographs

Sketchbooks

Scrapbooks

Medals

Date:

1775-1968

bulk 1870-1915

Summary:

The papers of the painter, muralist, and illustrator John White Alexander measure 11.9 linear feet and date from 1775 to 1968, with the bulk of materials dating from 1870 to 1915. Papers document Alexander's artistic career and many connections to figures in the art world through biographical documentation, correspondence (some illustrated), writings, 14 sketchbooks, additonal artwork and loose sketches, scrapbooks, photographs, awards and medals, artifacts, and other records. Also found is a souvenir engraving of a Mark Twain self-portrait.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of the painter, muralist, and illustrator John White Alexander measure 11.9 linear feet and date from 1775 to 1968, with the bulk of materials dating from 1870 to 1915. Papers document Alexander's artistic career and many connections to figures in the art world through biographical documentation, correspondence (some illustrated), writings, 14 sketchbooks, additonal artwork and loose sketches, scrapbooks, photographs, awards and medals, artifacts, and other records. Also found is a souvenir engraving of a Mark Twain self-portrait.

Biographical Information includes multiple essays related to Alexander, his family, and others in his circle. Also found is an extensive oral history of Alexander's wife Elizabeth conducted in 1928. Correspondence includes letters written by Alexander to his family from New York and Europe at the start of his career, and later letters from fellow artists, art world leaders, and portrait sitters of Alexander's. Significant correspondents include Charles Dana Gibson, Florence Levy, Frederick Remington, Robert Louis Stevenson, Henry James, John La Farge, Francis Davis Millet, and Andrew Carnegie. Correspondence includes some small sketches as enclosures and illustrated letters.

Certificates and records related to Alexander's career are found in Associations and Memberships, Legal and Financial Records, and Notes and Writings, which contain documentation of Alexander's paintings and exhibitions. Scattered documentation of Alexander's memberships in various arts association exists for the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the American Academy in Rome, the National Academy of Design, the Onteora Club in New York, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Germany, the Ministère de L'Instruction Publique et des Beaux-Arts, the Union Internationale des Beaux Arts et des Lettres, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Notes and Writings include speeches written by Alexander, short stories and essays written by his wife, and articles by various authors about Alexander. Extensive documentation of the planning and construction of the Alexander Memorial Studio by the MacDowell Club is found, along with other awards, medals, and memorial resolutions adopted by arts organizations after Alexander's death.

Artwork includes fourteen sketchbooks with sketches related to Alexander's commercial illustration and cartooning, murals, paintings, and travels. Dozens of loose drawings and sketches are also found, along with two volumes and several dozen loose reproductions of artwork, among which are found fine prints by named printmakers. Many sketches are also interspersed throughout the correspondence. Eight Scrapbooks contain mostly clippings, but also scattered letters, exhbition catalogs, announcements, invitations, and photographs related to Alexander's career between 1877 and 1915. Additional Exhibition Catalogs and later clippings, as well as clippings related to the career of his wife and other subjects, are found in Printed Materials.

Photographs include many portraits of Alexander taken by accomplished photographers such as Zaida Ben-Yusuf, Aimé Dupont, Curtis Bell, Elizabeth Buehrmann, and several signed Miss Huggins, who may have been Estelle Huntington Huggins, a New York painter and photographer. Portraits of others include Alexander's friends William Merritt Chase and Edward Austin Abbey. Also found are photographs of groups, juries, family, friends, and studios in New York, Paris, and New Jersey, and a handful of scenic photographs of Polling, Bavaria, where Alexander had an early studio. A large number of photographs of works of art are found, many with annotations. Among the photographs of murals are a small collection of snapshots of the Carnegie Institute murals in progress. Miscellaneous artifacts include a palette, several printing plates, and an inscribed souvenir engraving of a self-portrait caricature of Mark Twain.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into 11 series. Glass plate negatives are housed separately and closed to researchers.

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Information, circa 1887-1968 (Box 1, OV 23; 0.1 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, circa 1870-1942 (Box 1; 0.7 linear feet)

Series 3: Associations and Memberships, circa 1897-1918 (Box 1; 2 folders)

Series 4: Legal and Financial Records, 1775, 1896-1923 (Box 1; 5 folders)

Series 5: Notes and Writings, circa 1875-1943 (Boxes 1-2; 0.3 linear feet)

Series 6: Awards and Memorials, circa 1870-1944 (Box 2, OV 24; 0.8 linear feet)

Series 7: Artwork, circa 1875-1915 (Boxes 2-3, 6, 14-16, OV 23; 1.5 linear feet)

Series 8: Scrapbooks, circa 1877-1915 (Boxes 17-22; 1.8 linear feet)

Series 9: Printed Materials, circa 1891-1945 (Boxes 3-4, OV 23; 1.5 linear feet)

Series 10: Photographs, circa 1870-1915 (Boxes 4-8, MGP 1-2, OV 25-43, RD 44-45; 4.2 linear feet)

Series 11: Artifacts, circa 1899-1915 (Box 6, artifact cabinet; 0.4 linear feet)

Biographical / Historical:

John White Alexander was born in 1856 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. He was orphaned at age five and taken in by relatives of limited means. When Alexander left school and began working at a telegraph company, the company's vice-president, former civil war Colonel Edward Jay Allen, took an interest in his welfare. Allen became his legal guardian, brought him into the Allen household, and saw that he finished Pittsburgh High School. At eighteen, he moved to New York City and was hired by Harper and Brothers as an office boy in the art department. He was soon promoted to apprentice illustrator under staff artists such as Edwin A. Abbey and Charles Reinhart. During his time at Harpers, Alexander was sent out on assignment to illustrate events such as the Philadelphia Centennial celebration in 1876 and the Pittsburgh Railroad Strike in 1877, which erupted in violence.

Alexander carefully saved money from his illustration work and traveled to Europe in 1877 for further art training. He first enrolled in the Royal Art Academy of Munich, Germany, but soon moved to the village of Polling, where a colony of American artists was at its peak in the late 1870s. Alexander established a painting studio there and stayed for about a year. Despite his absence from the Munich Academy, he won the medal of the drawing class for 1878, the first of many honors. While in Polling, he became acquainted with J. Frank Currier, Frank Duveneck, William Merritt Chase, and other regular visitors to the colony. He later shared a studio and taught a painting class in Florence with Duveneck and traveled to Venice, where he met James Abbott McNeill Whistler.

Alexander returned to New York in 1881 and resumed his commercial artwork for Harpers and Century. Harpers sent him down the Mississippi river to complete a series of sketches. He also began to receive commissions for portraits, and in the 1880s painted Charles Dewitt Bridgman, a daughter of one of the Harper brothers, Parke Godwin, Thurlow Weed, Walt Whitman, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. Alexander met his wife Elizabeth, whose maiden name was also Alexander, through her father, James W. Alexander, who was sometimes mistaken for the artist. Elizabeth and John White Alexander married in 1887 and had a son, James, in 1888.

Alexander and his family sailed for France in 1890, where they became a part of the lively literary and artistic scene in Paris at the time. Among their many contacts there were Puvis de Chavannes, Auguste Rodin, and Whistler, who arrived in Paris shortly thereafter. Alexander absorbed the new aesthetic ideas around him such as those of the symbolists and the decorative style of art nouveau. Critics often note how such ideas are reflected in his boldly composed paintings of women from this period, who titles drew attention to the sensual and natural elements of the paintings. His first exhibition in Paris was three paintings at the Société Nationale des Beaux Arts in 1893, and by 1895 he has become a full member of the Société.

Independent and secession artist societies emerged throughout Europe during this period, and Alexander exhibited with several of them, including the Société Nouvelle in Paris, the Munich Secession, and the Vienna Secession. He was also elected an honorary member of the Royal Society of Belgian Artists and the Royal Society of British Painters in London. His exhibited works sold well, and his influence began to be felt back in the United States. Andrew Carnegie and John Beatty of the Carnegie Institute consulted closely with Alexander in the planning and execution of the first Carnegie International Exhibitions. Alexander also became active in supporting younger American artists who wanted to exhibit in Europe, a stance which resulted in his resignation from the Society of American Artists in Paris, which he felt had become a barrier to younger artists. His promotion of American art became an central aspect of his career for the remainder of his life, most visibly through his presidency of the National Academy of Design from 1909 until shortly before his death in 1915. He also served frequently on juries for high-profile exhibitions, and was a trustee at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the New York Public Library, and the national Institute of Arts and Letters. Around 1912, he helped to form the School Art League in New York, which provided art instruction to high school students.

Alexander returned to the United States nearly every summer while based in Paris, and among his commissioned paintings were murals for the newly-constructed Library of Congress, completed around 1896. In 1901, the Alexanders returned to New York permanently. The demand for portraits continued, and he had his first solo exhibition at the Durand-Ruel Galleries in 1902. Around 1905 he received a commission for murals at the new Carnegie Institute building in Pittsburgh for the astounding sum of $175,000. He created 48 panels there through 1908. During this period, the Alexanders spent summers in Onteora, New York, where Alexander painted his well-known "Sunlight" paintings. There they became friends and collaborators with the actress Maude Adams, with Alexander designing lighting and stage sets, and Elizabeth Alexander designing costumes for Adams' productions such as Peter Pan, the Maid of Orleans, and Chanticleer. The couple became known for their "theatricals" or tableaux, staged at the MacDowell Club and elsewhere, and Elizabeth Alexander continued her design career when her husband died in 1915.

Alexander left several commissions unfinished upon his death at age 59, including murals in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Elizabeth Alexander held a memorial exhibition at Arden Galleries a few months after his death, and a larger memorial exhibition was held by the Carnegie Institute in 1916. Alexander won dozens of awards for artwork in his lifetime, including the Lippincott Prize at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1899, the Gold Medal of Honor at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900, the Gold Medal at the Panama Pacific Exposition of 1901, and the Medal of the First Class at the Carnegie Institute International Exhibition in 1911. In 1923, the Alexander Memorial Studio was built at the MacDowell colony in New Hampshire to honor his memory.

Provenance:

Papers were donated in 1978 and 1981 by Irina Reed, Alexander's granddaughter and in 2017 by Elizabeth Reed, Alexander's great grandaughter.

Restrictions:

Use of the original papers requires an appointment. Glass plate negatives are housed separately and not served to researchers.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Topic:

Muralists -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Portrait painters -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Works of art  Search this

Portrait painting -- 20th century  Search this

Portrait painting -- 19th century  Search this

Illustrators -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Portrait painting, American  Search this

Genre/Form:

Awards

Interviews

Photographs

Sketchbooks

Scrapbooks

Medals

Citation:

John White Alexander papers, 1775-1968, bulk 1870-1915. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.

Identifier:

AAA.alexjohn

See more items in:

John White Alexander papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw917c89625-97e2-4dce-a5e6-4cbf6627b78e

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-alexjohn

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

Sen. Edward Brooke, American, born 1919  Search this

Morris Brown College, American, founded 1881  Search this

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity, American, founded 1963  Search this

Opportunities Industrialization Center of America, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr., American, 1911 - 1978  Search this

General Daniel James Jr., American, 1920 - 1978  Search this

Roy Wilkins, American, 1901 - 1981  Search this

Rufus B. Shorter, American  Search this

National Association of Black Social Workers, American, founded 1968  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

Howard University, American, founded 1867  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), International, founded 1844  Search this

Avon, founded 1886  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

The Links, Incorporated, American, founded 1946  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Eta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1943  Search this

National Association of University Women, American, founded 1910  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

American Bridge Association, American, founded 1932  Search this

Arthur Ashe Jr., American, 1943 - 1993  Search this

The Salvation Army, American, founded 1865  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Sammy Davis Jr., American, 1925 - 1990  Search this

Congressional Black Caucus, American, founded 1971  Search this

Rev. Martin Luther King Sr, American, 1899 - 1984  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, American, founded 1957  Search this

National Urban League Guild, American, founded 1946  Search this

Association for the Study of African American Life and History, American, founded 1915  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

One Hundred Black Men, Inc., American, founded 1963  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 7/16 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 1.1 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

California, United States, North and Central America

Houston, Texas, United States, North and Central America

Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, North and Central America

Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States, North and Central America

Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America

Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America

Jamaica, Caribbean, North and Central America

Barbados, Caribbean, North and Central America

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

West Africa, Africa

Date:

1978

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Enterprise  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Travel  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.12

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5e8bb6cbd-99b9-4ce0-8851-3b3bef3dd0e8

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.12

Subject of:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Lou Rawls, American, 1933 - 2006  Search this

United Negro College Fund, American, founded 1944  Search this

President Jimmy Carter, American, born 1924  Search this

Wilma Rudolph, American, 1940 - 1994  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

American Association of Blacks in Energy, American, founded 1977  Search this

One Hundred Black Men, Inc., American, founded 1963  Search this

National Association of Black Social Workers, American, founded 1968  Search this

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity, American, founded 1963  Search this

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, American, founded 1969  Search this

American Bridge Association, American, founded 1932  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, American, founded 1821  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

The Girl Friends, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

Sears, Roebuck & Co., American, founded 1893  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Opportunities Industrialization Center of America, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

National Pharmaceutical Association, American, founded 1947  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

Top Ladies of Distinction, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

National Association of Negro Musicians, Inc., founded 1919  Search this

The Links, Incorporated, American, founded 1946  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

Republican Party, American, founded 1854  Search this

Charms, Inc., American, founded 1952  Search this

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this

Eta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1943  Search this

National Pharmaceutical Association, American, founded 1947  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National Association of Negro Musicians, Inc., founded 1919  Search this

National Association of University Women, American, founded 1910  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Daughters of Isis, American, founded 1910  Search this

American Tennis Association, American, founded 1916  Search this

Democratic Party, American, founded 1828  Search this

CBS Broadcasting, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

A. Philip Randolph, American, 1889 - 1979  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

Congressional Black Caucus, American, founded 1971  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Benjamin Hooks, American, 1925 - 2010  Search this

National Bankers Association, American, founded 1927  Search this

Association for the Study of African American Life and History, American, founded 1915  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

Alliance for Women in Media, American, founded 1951  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 7/16 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 1.1 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1980

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Methodist  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Television  Search this

The Black Church  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.14

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd533a4aa5f-52b1-4ee7-8dd0-1df51498bd61

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.14

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Subject of:

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, American, founded 1969  Search this

National Urban Affairs Council, American, founded 1971  Search this

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity, American, founded 1963  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

Top Ladies of Distinction, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

Continental Societies, Inc., American, founded 1956  Search this

Rose Morgan, American, 1912 - 2008  Search this

William Otis Walker, American, 1896 - 1981  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal Church, American, founded 1816  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

The Links, Incorporated, American, founded 1946  Search this

National Association of Black Accountants, Inc., American, founded 1969  Search this

Carats, Inc., American, founded 1959  Search this

People United to Save Humanity, American, founded 1971  Search this

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

National Pharmaceutical Association, American, founded 1947  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Eta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1943  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

National Association of University Women, American, founded 1910  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

Vernon Jordan, American, born 1935  Search this

National Business League, American, founded 1900  Search this

Congressional Black Caucus, American, founded 1971  Search this

Arthur Ashe Jr., American, 1943 - 1993  Search this

National Bankers Association, American, founded 1927  Search this

National Bar Association, American, founded 1925  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Percy Ellis Sutton, American, 1920 - 2009  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Joe Louis, American, 1914 - 1981  Search this

Clarence D. King, American, 1888 - 1981  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

National Black Veterans Association, American, founded 1974  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 1/2 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 1.3 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1982

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Broadway Theatre  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Film  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Methodist  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

The Black Church  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.16

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd595b77a5e-4524-45a5-90d3-81855fc7528c

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.16

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

United Negro College Fund, American, founded 1944  Search this

Billy Dee Williams, American, born 1937  Search this

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, American, founded 1969  Search this

National Urban Affairs Council, American, founded 1971  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

Opportunities Industrialization Center of America, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

Harold Washington, American, 1922 - 1987  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Top Ladies of Distinction, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Carats, Inc., American, founded 1959  Search this

National Bar Association, American, founded 1925  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal Church, American, founded 1816  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, American, founded 1913  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

National Pharmaceutical Association, American, founded 1947  Search this

National Sorority of Phi Delta Kappa, Inc., American, founded 1923  Search this

One Hundred Black Men, Inc., American, founded 1963  Search this

Arthur Ashe Jr., American, 1943 - 1993  Search this

Association for the Study of African American Life and History, American, founded 1915  Search this

People United to Save Humanity, American, founded 1971  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Eubie Blake, American, 1887 - 1983  Search this

Dance Theatre of Harlem, American, founded 1969  Search this

National Coalition of 100 Black Women, American, founded 1981  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 1/2 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 1.3 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Bahamas, Caribbean, North and Central America

Houston, Harris County, Texas, United States, North and Central America

Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1983

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

African Methodist Episcopal  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Methodist  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

The Black Church  Search this

Travel  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.17

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd516419a20-d7d3-4570-a5c9-78bd4c89cfee

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.17

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

Sigma Phi Rho Fraternity, American, founded 1978  Search this

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, American, founded 1969  Search this

Association of Black Women Attorneys, American, founded 1976  Search this

National Urban Affairs Council, American, founded 1971  Search this

Raymond A. Jordan Jr., American, born 1943  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

The Links, Incorporated, American, founded 1946  Search this

Northside Center for Child Development, Inc., founded 1946  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

Top Ladies of Distinction, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

Carats, Inc., American, founded 1959  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Dr. Leslie L. Alexander, Jamaican American, 1917 - 2002  Search this

Smithsonian Institution, American, founded 1846  Search this

National Sorority of Phi Delta Kappa, Inc., American, founded 1923  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, American, founded 1913  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays, American, 1894 - 1984  Search this

Count Basie, American, 1904 - 1984  Search this

National Coalition of 100 Black Women, American, founded 1981  Search this

National Bankers Association, American, founded 1927  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

One Hundred Black Men, Inc., American, founded 1963  Search this

Association for the Study of African American Life and History, American, founded 1915  Search this

Signed by:

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 9/16 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 1.5 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1985

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Enterprise  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.19

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5ee110782-b949-43b4-bbec-56a00d4f086e

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.19

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, American, founded 1969  Search this

Howard University, American, founded 1867  Search this

Medgar Evers College, American, founded 1970  Search this

The Links, Incorporated, American, founded 1946  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

Carats, Inc., American, founded 1959  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

Iota Phi Lambda Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1929  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this

National Bar Association, American, founded 1925  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Cora Walker, American, 1922 - 2006  Search this

Clara Hale, American, 1905 - 1992  Search this

Alice Kornegay, American, died 1996  Search this

One Hundred Black Men, Inc., American, founded 1963  Search this

Dorothy Pitman Hughes, American, born 1938  Search this

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 5/16 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 0.8 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1986

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Sororities  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.20

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5847f7048-f171-4bf3-95e2-5945542a67c4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.20

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

Kenneth A. Gibson, American, 1932 - 2019  Search this

Clifton Herman Johnson, American, 1921 - 2008  Search this

New York Giants, American, founded 1925  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Howard University Medical Alumni Association, Inc., American, founded 1871  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Insurance Association, American, founded 1921  Search this

Whitney Moore Young Jr., American, 1921 - 1971  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., American, 1929 - 1968  Search this

Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded 1922  Search this

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, American, founded 1913  Search this

National Council of Negro Women, founded 1935  Search this

President Richard M. Nixon, American, 1913 - 1994  Search this

Roy White, American, born 1943  Search this

Franklin Augustine Thomas, American, born 1934  Search this

Gail Fisher, American, 1935 - 2000  Search this

Hal Christopher Frederick, American, born 1934  Search this

Greg Morris, American, 1933 - 1996  Search this

Joan Murray  Search this

Edie Huggins, American, 1935 - 2008  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

Nettie B. Smith, American  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Daughters of Isis, American, founded 1910  Search this

Gladys W. Dixon, American, born 1901  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

National Negro Business League, American, 1901 - 1966  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 11 × 9 1/16 × 5/16 in. (28 × 23 × 0.8 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Martha's Vineyard, Oak Bluffs, Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1971

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Medicine  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Sororities  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.5

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5e80a74f0-5c78-4d88-80e0-f11edfdd1eea

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.5

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

New York Giants, American, founded 1925  Search this

National Pan-Hellenic Council, American, founded 1930  Search this

United Negro College Fund, American, founded 1944  Search this

Adam Clayton Powell Jr., American, 1908 - 1972  Search this

President Lyndon Baines Johnson, American, 1908 - 1973  Search this

Jackie Robinson, American, 1919 - 1972  Search this

President Harry S. Truman, American, 1884 - 1972  Search this

National Association of Black Social Workers, American, founded 1968  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Howard University Medical Alumni Association, Inc., American, founded 1871  Search this

Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps, American, founded 1916  Search this

Sovereign Military Order of Malta, founded 1099  Search this

Steven N. Lockett, American  Search this

The Girl Friends, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

Simeon Golar, American, 1929 - 2013  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Gordon Parks, American, 1912 - 2006  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Dr. Kenneth Clark, American, 1914 - 2005  Search this

Whitney Moore Young Jr., American, 1921 - 1971  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

National Association of Broadcasters, American  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., American, 1929 - 1968  Search this

Spelman College, American, founded 1881  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, American, founded 1913  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Gladys W. Dixon, American, born 1901  Search this

Daughters of Isis, American, founded 1910  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

National Insurance Association, American, founded 1921  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

Clara Hale, American, 1905 - 1992  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 3/8 × 3/8 in. (27.5 × 21.2 × 0.9 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Jamaica, Caribbean, North and Central America

Bahamas, Caribbean, North and Central America

Date:

1973

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Social life and customs  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Travel  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.7

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5cfb9effd-68b5-4246-b12a-9179d2fdce82

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.7

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

National Association of Broadcasters, American  Search this

Opportunities Industrialization Center of America, Inc., American, founded 1964  Search this

National Pan-Hellenic Council, American, founded 1930  Search this

National Association of Black Social Workers, American, founded 1968  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

The Girl Friends, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

Duke Ellington, American, 1899 - 1974  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

Prince Hall Freemasonry, founded 1784  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Chi Delta Mu Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1913  Search this

John Albert Morsell, American, 1912 - 1974  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1932  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Insurance Association, American, founded 1921  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

National United Church Ushers Association of America, Inc., American, founded 1919  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

CBS Broadcasting, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

American Bridge Association, American, founded 1932  Search this

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, American, founded 1913  Search this

National Sorority of Phi Delta Kappa, Inc., American, founded 1923  Search this

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, American, founded 1914  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

Nettie B. Smith, American  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this

John Warren Davis, American, 1888 - 1980  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Congressional Black Caucus, American, founded 1971  Search this

National Business League, American, founded 1900  Search this

National Alliance of Postal and Federal Employees, American, founded 1913  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

Association for the Study of African American Life and History, American, founded 1915  Search this

National Council of Negro Women, founded 1935  Search this

Clifton Herman Johnson, American, 1921 - 2008  Search this

Bessie Smith, American, 1894 - 1937  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 10 13/16 × 8 7/16 × 3/8 in. (27.5 × 21.4 × 0.9 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1975

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Calypso (Music)  Search this

Communities  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Law  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Television  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.9

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Movement:

Colonization movement

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5c80d5f1b-2384-44ae-91b1-bb42a6fc4395

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.9

Collection Creator:

White, Charles (1918-1979)  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 42

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1949-circa 1971

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Researchers interested in accessing audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Charles W. White papers, 1933-1987. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Henry Luce Foundation. Funding for the digitization was provided by the Roy Lichtenstein Foundation and the Alice L. Walton Foundation.

See more items in:

Charles W. White papers

Charles W. White papers / Series 2: Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw927053dab-75f8-4821-8e0d-9448653ae1e0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-whitchar-ref52

Manufacturer:

British Aircraft Corporation  Search this

Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale  Search this

Dimensions:

Wingspan: 25.56 m (83 ft 10 in)

Length: 61.66 m (202 ft 3 in)

Height: 11.3 m (37 ft 1 in)

Weight, empty: 79,265 kg (174,750 lb)

Weight, gross: 181,435 kg (400,000 lb)

Top speed: 2,179 km/h (1350 mph)

Engine: Four Rolls-Royce/SNECMA Olympus 593 Mk 602, 17,259 kg (38,050 lb) thrust each

Manufacturer: Société Nationale Industrielle Aérospatiale, Paris, France, and British Aircraft Corporation, London, United Kingdom

Type:

CRAFT-Aircraft

Credit Line:

Gift of Air France.

Inventory Number:

A20030139000

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Location:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA

Exhibit Station:

Business Aviation

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9bc1f67b0-ad80-4ca9-bf05-6384f122fe39

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A20030139000

Collection Creator:

Webb, William  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Item 1

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

William Mitchell Trial Scrapbooks, Acc. 1992.0013, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

William Mitchell Trial Scrapbooks

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2551ca087-1f5a-4eed-8f44-34abfa942f89

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-1992-0013-ref505

Collection Creator:

Webb, William  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Item 2

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

William Mitchell Trial Scrapbooks, Acc. 1992.0013, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

William Mitchell Trial Scrapbooks

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg22a45fb7d-0275-42a1-b122-a63d341259f0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-1992-0013-ref506

Creator:

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Medicine and Science  Search this

Subject:

United States National Museum Division of Engineering  Search this

United States National Museum Section of Transportation and Civil Engineering  Search this

National Museum of History and Technology (U.S.) Division of Electricity and Nuclear Energy  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Electricity and Modern Physics  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of the History of Technology  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Engineering and Industry  Search this

Physical description:

3 cu. ft. processed holdings

4.79 cu. ft. unprocessed holdings

Type:

Manuscripts

Floor plans

Black-and-white photographs

Color photographs

Clippings

Drawings

Posters

Electronic records

Compact discs

Digital versatile discs

Digital images

Color negatives

Brochures

Architectural drawings

Color transparencies

Date:

1896

1896-2010

1896-1983, 1991-1997, 2002-2010

Topic:

Nuclear energy  Search this

Electricity--History  Search this

Physics--History  Search this

Museums--Educational aspects  Search this

Science--History  Search this

Museum curators  Search this

Medicine--History  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Technology--History  Search this

Local number:

SIA RS00404

Restrictions & Rights:

Materials less than 15 years old Restricted. Contact reference staff for details

See more items in:

Exhibition Records 1896-1983, 1991-1997, 2002-2010 [National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Medicine and Science]

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_220172

Creator:

Turner, Terence  Search this

Names:

Chagnon, Napoleon A., 1938-  Search this

Neel, James V. (James Van Gundia), 1915-  Search this

Tierney, Patrick  Search this

Extent:

56.6 Linear feet (100 document boxes, 4 half-document boxes, 21 shoe boxes, 1 oversize box, and 10 map folders)

86 Sound cassettes

79 Sound tape reels (5")

21 Sound tape reels (3")

4 Sound cassettes (microcassette)

3 Sound tape reels (7")

157 Videocassettes (VHS)

48 Videocassettes (MiniDV)

11 Videodiscs (DVD)

10 Videocassettes (U-matic)

6 Electronic discs (DVD)

2 Film reels (Approximately 3200 feet)

1 Videocassettes (VHS-C)

1 Videocassettes (Hi8)

1 Videocassettes (Video 8)

Culture:

Mebêngôkre (Kayapó/Cayapo)  Search this

Yanomami (Yanoama)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Sound tape reels

Sound cassettes (microcassette)

Videocassettes (vhs)

Videocassettes (minidv)

Videodiscs (dvd)

Videocassettes (u-matic)

Electronic discs (dvd)

Film reels

Videocassettes (vhs-c)

Videocassettes (hi8)

Videocassettes (video 8)

Place:

Amazon River Region

Date:

1938-1942

1952-2015

bulk 1964-2008

Summary:

Terence "Terry" Sheldon Turner (1935-2015) was best known for his ethnographic work among the Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) people of the Amazon rainforest and his work as an activist for the Mebêngôkre and other communities. This collection documents his interest in the Mebêngôkre and his work as a human rights activist. It includes field notes, censuses, papers, notes, correspondence, news clippings, sound recordings, films, photographs, charts and diagrams, genealogy and kinship information, and computer discs.

Scope and Contents:

The Terence Turner papers contain materials related to his work as an anthropologist and human rights activist. Turner's primary focus of research was the Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) people of the Amazon rainforest. The collection contains field notes, censuses, papers and draft manuscripts, correspondence, notes, news clippings, sound recordings, films, photographs, charts and diagrams, genealogy and kinship information, and computer discs relating to that interest. His work in human rights is also well documented; the collection contains notes, papers, correspondence, and news clippings. A significant amount of the human rights material relates to the Yanomami controversy which arose when Turner and Leslie Sponsel sent the American Anthropological Association a memo warning of the furor that was likely to result from the publication of the book Darkness in El Dorado by Patrick Tierney. The human rights materials in the collection also include materials relating to the Mebêngôkre and their environmental protection protests and demonstrations. The film and video primarily relate to the Granada Television films for which he consulted and the films produced by the Kayapo with the help of the Kayapo Video Project. There are some materials relating to courses which he taught or took.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 7 series: (1) Research, 1952-2015; (2) Human rights, ethics, and activism, circa 1964-2015; (3) Papers, conferences, and courses, 1959-2013; (4) Correspondence and contacts, 1966-2008; (5) Computer files, 1983-2010; (6) Photographs, 1938-1942, 1952, 1962-2014; (7) Sound recordings, 1962, 1976-2003; and (8) Film and video, 1975-2008

Biographical Note:

Terence "Terry" Sheldon Turner (1935-2015) was best known for his ethnographic work with the Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) people of the Amazon rainforest and his work as an activist for the Mebêngôkre and other communities. He was born in Philadelphia and raised outside of Washington, DC. He earned his A.B. from Harvard University (1957) and M.A. from the University of California, Berkeley (1959), in Modern European History. His interest in how society functions brought him to the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University for his Ph.D. (1965), where his studies turned to Social Anthropology. His interests were still in Europe, but his advisor, David Maybury-Lewis, persuaded him to study the Mebêngôkre in Brazil (Moberg). Despite his initial intentions, Turner developed a lasting relationship with the Mebêngôkre, who gave him the name Wakampu. He worked with the community for more than 50 years, visiting them over 20 times.

Turner and his then wife, Joan Bamberger, lived with the Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) from 1962 to 1964 while conducting research for their dissertations. His initial studies were on socio-cultural change, social organization, political systems, dual organization, a comparison to other Gê tribes, and mythology. Joan studied Mebêngôkre material culture, as it related to both function and significance. Turner's interest in mythology and the ties between the structure and motifs of myths to social structure led him to spend a year (1966-1967) at the University of Paris where Claude Lévi-Strauss was working on a project involving comparisons of mythology and social structure of different Central Brazilian indigenous groups.

Turner taught at Cornell University from 1966 to 1968, at the University of Chicago from 1968 to 1999, and then returned to Cornell from 1999 to 2015 where his wife, Jane Fajans, was also a professor. While teaching at the University of Chicago, Turner developed an interest in Karl Marx and the applications of his theories to anthropology (Moberg). He stated in a Guggenheim grant application that "Another main line of theoretical effort has been my attempt to generalize Marx's concept of value to account for the forms of social value generated in such forms of 'social production', in particular those of the Kayapo and other primitive, classless societies" (Terence Turner papers). In an interview for an article in the Chicago Reader, he said that "The Kayapo didn't have an economic sphere. They didn't have commodity production. Production for them in an immediate sense is production of their lives, and of course then you realize–wow!–this is a society for which the complete human being through all stages of life, right up to death, is the supreme product. It's the most complex and demanding product, and the social order is the whole process of producing that product" (Moberg). His interest in Marx led him to study Piaget, Vygotsky, Leont'ev, and Zinchenko, who "provided analytically principled ways of connecting material activity with forms of consciousness" (Terence Turner papers).

Turner was interested in visual anthropology. He assisted in the production of three British documentaries on the Mebêngôkre people: the BBC's Face Values in 1976 and Granada Television's Disappearing World series episodes "The Kayapo" and "The Kayapo: Out of the Forest" in 1987 and 1989. He also assisted the Mebêngôkre in documenting their own culture. The Mebêngôkre had obtained video cameras in 1985 and Turner encouraged them to obtain more cameras from the Granada crew in return for access to the community in 1987 (Harms). In 1990, he created the Kayapo Video Project, which funded the purchase of cameras, education for the Mebêngôkre filmmakers in filming and editing, and preserving the original footage at the Kayapo Video Archive/Arquivo de Video Kaiapo at the Centro de Trabalho Indigenista. Turner stated in a 1996 request for funding that the purpose of the project was "to generate an extensive archive of videos about all aspects of Kayapo culture and ecological knowledge, and simultaneously build up a cadre of well-trained video camerapersons and video-editors capable of continuing video-making and using activities into the future. The videos will be produced (both shot and edited) by the Kayapo themselves. They will form the backbone of a larger project of Kayapo cultural preservation, provide visual tests for use in a projected Kayapo educational program, and also generate a unique audio-visual record of the ecological knowledge and technology of a major Amazonian culture" (Terence Turner papers).

Turner was also very involved in human rights work and activism for indigenous communities. He felt it was the responsibility of anthropologists to defend the rights of the people whom they studied. He was involved in "anthropological activism," assisting the Mebêngôkre and others in their fight to protect their rights and environment. This interest began when Turner investigated the movement of miners, loggers, and poachers onto Mebêngôkre lands for FUNAI (the Fundação Nacional do Índio) (Harms). There were widespread protests against these incursions by the Mebêngôkre beginning in the early 1970s, which resulted in the Mebêngôkre gaining land rights. Despite this success, conflicts between the Mebêngôkre and Brazilian nationals, as well as within the Mebêngôkre community, continued. Turner both observed and participated in many of these protests and documented the ways in which these actions affected Mebêngôkre society and culture. Two of the most important protests concerned the planned construction of a series of hydroelectric dams on the Xingú River. The first protest, at Altamira in 1989, successfully derailed the project. The success of this protest brought international attention to the Mebêngôkre, who sent representatives to Canada in 1992 to support the Cree, who were protesting the construction of a hydroelectric dam there. The Brazilian government redesigned their original plans for the series of dams on the Xingú River; when these plans were leaked in 2008, another protest ensued. Turner and his daughter, Vanessa, documented this protest.

Turner's commitment to human rights led to him becoming a founding member of the American Anthropological Association's Ethics Committee (1969-1972) and Committee for Human Rights (1992-1997), serving as president of Survival International, U.S.A., heading the Special Commission of the American Anthropological Association to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami (1990-1991), and receiving the Solon T. Kimball Award from the American Anthropological Association in 1998.

Sources Cited

American Anthropological Association. "AAA Mourns the Loss of Dr. Terence Turner." Accessed June 22, 2022. https://www.americananthro.org/StayInformed/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=13188

Glaser, Linda B. "Anthropologist Terence Turner dies at 79." Cornell Chronicle, November 11, 2015.

Harms, William. "Terence Turner, anthropologist and human rights advocate for indigenous people, 1935-2015." UChicago News, November 17, 2015.

Moberg, David. "When Worlds Collide: Encounters with Anthropologist Terence Turner and other agents of modernity left the Kayapo of Brazil with something they'd never had before: power." Chicago Reader, October 2, 1997.

Survival International. "Terry Turner." Accessed June 22, 2022. https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/10992

Terence Turner papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

1935 December 30 -- Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

1957 -- A.B. from Harvard College in Modern European History, graduating cum Laude

1959 -- M.A. from the University of California, Berkley, in Modern European History

1961 -- Married Joan Bamberger on August 25

1962 -- Began work with Mebêngôkre (Kayapó)

1965 -- Ph.D. from Harvard University's Department of Social Relations in Social Anthropology Research associate at the Museo Nacional do Brasil

1966-1968 -- Visiting assistant professor of anthropology at Cornell University

1968-1982 -- Assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Chicago

1969-1972 -- Member of the American Anthropological Association's Ethics Committee

1976 -- Advisor for the filming of Face Values with the BBC

1980 -- Married Jane Fajans on July 25

1981 -- Daughter Vanessa Fajans-Turner born on September 26

1982-1999 -- Professor of anthropology at the University of Chicago.

1984 -- Daughter Allison Fajans-Turner born on June 15

1987 -- Advisor for the filming of Disappearing World: The Kayapo with Granada Films

1989 -- Advisor for the filming of Disappearing World: The Kayapo: Out of the Forest with Granada Films

1990-1991 -- Chair of the American Anthropological Association's Special Commission to Investigate the Situation of the Brazilian Yanomami

1992-1997 -- Member of the American Anthropological Association's Committee for Human Rights

1998 -- Received Solon T. Kimball Award from the American Anthropological Association

1999-2004 -- Adjunct professor of anthropology at Cornell University.

2004-2015 -- Visiting professor of anthropology at Cornell University.

2015 November 7 -- Died in Ithaca, New York.

Orthography:

The archivist uses Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) or Mebêngôkre to refer to the Mebêngôkre people. However, Turner and other anthropologists whose work is included in the collection used other spelling variations (Mẽbêngôkre, Mebengokre, Megengokré, Kayapó, Kayapo, Kaiapó, Kaiapo, Cayapó, Cayapo, and Caiapo) which have not be altered in folder titles or descriptions.

The archivist uses Yanomami to refer to the Yanomami (Yanoama) people. Some folder titles or contents may use the Yanomamö spelling.

Related Materials:

Materials related to the Mebêngôkre (Kayapó) in the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) can also be found in the William Lipkind papers and Photo Lot 79-1. Materials related to the Yanomami in the NAA can also be found in the Timothy Asch papers, the American Anthropological Association records, and Photo Lot 94-28. Materials related to the Yanomami in the Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) can be found in the Timothy Asch and Napoleon Chagnon films of the Yanomamo.

Provenance:

The Terence Turner papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Turner's wife, Jane Fajans, in 2020.

Restrictions:

Audiovisual and digital materials are restricted. Please contact the archives for information on the availability of access copies.

Graded papers are restricted for 80 years from the date of their creation and grant applications are restricted for 30 years from the date of their creation. These restrictions are noted on the folder level.

Access to the Terence Turner papers requires and appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Human Rights  Search this

Ethics  Search this

Brazil  Search this

Environmental issues  Search this

Indigenous peoples -- Civil rights  Search this

Citation:

Terence Turner papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Wenner-Gren Foundation.

Identifier:

NAA.2020-03

See more items in:

Terence Turner papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3c4036e9a-bdac-4313-9fe0-b42094d645fd

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2020-03

Creator:

National Academy of Design (U.S.)  Search this

Names:

American Federation of Arts  Search this

Abbey, Edwin Austin, 1852-1911  Search this

Durand, Asher Brown, 1796-1886  Search this

Lanyon, Ellen  Search this

Ranger, Henry Ward, 1858-1916  Search this

Extent:

92.7 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Drawings

Scrapbooks

Interviews

Date:

1817-2012

Summary:

The records of New York City's National Academy of Design measure 92.7 linear feet and date from 1817-2012. The records pertain to all three constituents of the tripartite organization consisting of the Academy, a membership body of artists founded in 1825; the school, founded at the same time to promote arts education; and the exhibition program, inaugurated in 1826. Extensive administrative records include minutes, committee files, director files, annual reports, constitutions, and correspondence and subject files of council officers. Exhibition records, also substantive, date to the Academy's first annual exhibition and include gallery and special exhibitions, as well as exhibitions at the Academy's museum, established in 1979. The collection also includes gifts and funding files, especially relating to endowments and prizes; membership records; National Academy Association records; Ranger Fund assignments; extensive files pertaining to the school's administration, courses of instruction, registrations, and attendance; twenty scrapbooks containing clippings and ephemera; Society of American Artists records; correspondence and ephemera from other organizations; transcripts from oral histories with Academy members; extensive photographic material documenting artists, members, the school, exhibitions, buildings, and artwork created by Academy members; artist files containing correspondence, writings, and sketches from those associated with the Academy; and assorted printed material and ephemera.

Scope and Contents:

The records of New York City's National Academy of Design measure 92.7 linear feet and date from 1817-2012. The records pertain to all three constituents of the tripartite organization consisting of the Academy, a membership body of artists founded in 1825; the school, founded at the same time to promote arts education; and the exhibition program, inaugurated in 1826. Extensive administrative records include minutes, committee files, director files, annual reports, constitutions, and correspondence and subject files of council officers. Exhibition records, also substantive, date to the Academy's first annual exhibition and include gallery and special exhibitions, as well as exhibitions at the Academy's museum, established in 1979. The collection also includes gifts and funding files, especially relating to endowments and prizes; membership records; National Academy Association records; Ranger Fund assignments; extensive files pertaining to the school's administration, courses of instruction, registrations, and attendance; twenty scrapbooks containing clippings and ephemera; Society of American Artists records; correspondence and ephemera from other organizations; transcripts from oral histories with Academy members; extensive photographic material documenting artists, members, the school, exhibitions, buildings, and artwork created by Academy members; artist files containing correspondence, writings, and sketches from those associated with the Academy; and assorted printed material and ephemera.

The Academy minutes and committee files consist of official, original, and transcribed proceedings for the council, annual, business, and some committee meetings, as well as related correspondence, reports, financial documents, notes, drafts, and ballots pertaining to the Academy's administration and activities from its 1825 founding until 2006. As an organization actively engaged in the development of art and art education in the United States, the Academy minutes and committee files are a valuable resource on subjects and topics in the Academy's history; in particular, its founding, administration, school, and exhibition program.

Director files date from 1942-1990 and document the activities of four of the Academy's chief administrators, including Vernon Porter (1950-1966), Earl Tyler (1966-1967), Alice Melrose (1967-1977), and John H. Dobkin (1978-1990). Items include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, and printed material.

Annual reports, dating from 1828-2003, summarize the activities of the Academy over the course of a year, and may include presidents' reports, treasurers' reports, audits of financial operations by public accountants, and printed annual reports containing summaries from multiple council officers. Information pertains to the year's activities including finances, exhibitions, membership, the school, committee activities, awards, and other business.

Academy constitutions date from 1826-2012 and include the printed constitutions and by-laws as well as constitutional proposals. Constitutions and by-laws name the current council officials, professors, academicians, associates, and honorary members, and state the mission and guidelines for operation in regards to membership, officers, annual meetings, elections, school, exhibitions, and how the constitution can be amended or altered. Constitutional proposals contain amendment drafts, alterations, and related correspondence.

Council officer files, dating from 1848-1980, contain the correspondence and subjects files of Academy officers—presidents, vice presidents, corresponding secretaries, and treasurers—concerning all matters of Academy business and operations including membership, gifts and funds, the federal charter, exhibitions, juries, the school, scholarships, committee affairs, anniversaries, publicity, administrative matters, resignations, and relationships with other organizations.

General administrative files date from 1825-1982 and include ledgers, certificates, correspondence, and legal documents pertaining to the Academy's founding, building, financial accounts, art collection, and other administrative matters.

Exhibition files, dating from 1826-2003, document the Academy's long exhibition history and includes annual, gallery, special, and museum exhibitions. Files may include exhibition catalogs, photographs, press clippings, sales records, and correspondence related to jury selection, awards and prizes, and logistical planning. Files pertaining to the Academy's annual exhibitions comprise a bulk of the series. Held since 1826, the Annuals were organized and curated by Academy members, and considered to be an important and sweeping survey of contemporary American art.

Gifts and funding files date from 1860-2009 and include financial documents, ledgers, legal material, and correspondence concerning the bequests, endowments, donations, and other gifts that financed the operations of the Academy and school. A significant number of records pertain to the Abbey Trust Fund and the Archer M. Hunting Fund.

Membership files, 1826-2012, document Academy members, honorary members, fellows, and the nominations and elections whereby members were voted into the Academy. Materials include registers, certificates, nomination ledgers and proposals, candidate biographies, and ballots.

The National Academy Association files date from 1911-1959 and contain a constitution, plan, and agreement, as well as correspondence, meeting minutes, and reports for the Association, incorporated in 1912 with the aim to erect a building shared by several New York art societies. At the time of incorporation, the Association consisted of members from the National Academy of Design, American Water Color Society, American Institute of Architects, Architectural League of New York, New York Water Color Club, National Sculpture Society, Municipal Art Society, Society of Beaux-Arts Architects, Mural Painters, Society of Illustrators, and a number of city representatives and citizens.

The Ranger Fund assignment files, 1919-2008, document the distribution of artworks by living American artists to institutions throughout the United States, in accordance with the will of Henry Ward Ranger. The Ranger Fund was initiated to stimulate public interest in the work of contemporary American painters in 1919, when the Academy received a bequest from Henry Ward Ranger, totaling $400,000. Ranger stated in his will that the capital should be invested and the income used as a purchase fund to facilitate gifts of paintings by living American artists to arts institutions throughout the United States. Files document the assignment of particular works of art to institutions through the official agreement, related correspondence, and in some instances, photographs of the artwork.

Extensive school records, dating from 1826-2008, contain administrative files, enrollment records, course files, student affairs files, and printed material documenting all aspects of the school's activities aligned with the Academy's mission to educate aspiring professional artists. A bulk of this series consists of student course registrations, documented in registers, then on index cards beginning in the 1930s. While information collected varied over the decades, registrations document student names and the year, and may additionally include course name, instructor, and cost.

Twenty Academy scrapbooks document the organization's activities from 1828-1939 and include clippings and ephemera. Three of the scrapbooks are devoted to specific topics, including one for the Society of American Artists, one for both the Society of American Artists and the Society of American Fakirs, and one for the Academy's centennial exhibition.

The Society of American Artists files, 1878-1906, document the formation of the Society as a departure from the Academy in 1877, its independent operations and activities, and its eventual consolidation with the Academy in 1906. The Society's members have included Edwin Abbey, James Carroll Beckwith, Mary Cassatt, William Merritt Chase, Thomas Eakins, George Inness Jr., John La Farge, Albert Pinkham Ryder, among many others.

Files from other organizations date from 1817-1997 and may include correspondence, ledgers, and printed material. Many of these organizations had business with the Academy, and records pertain to events, meetings, and exhibitions. Notable organizations include the American Academy of Fine Arts, American Federation of Arts, American Watercolor Society, Art Students League, Fine Arts Federation of New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Etching Club, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and Salmagundi Club.

Oral history transcripts date from 2002-2007. Eight comprehensive interviews, conducted by Avis Berman for the Academy, are with Academy members and cover all aspects of the artists' lives, including family, early life, beginning career, mentors, contemporaries, influences, patrons, awards, residencies, as well as the artists' relationship with the Academy. The interview transcripts provide first-hand accounts of the organization, particularly from circa 1940 up to the time of the interview. Artists interviewed include Will Barnet, Hyman Bloom, Richard Haas, Ellen Lanyon, Jules Olitski, Bernard Olshan, Paul Resika, and Dorothea Rockburne.

Photographic material, dating from 1845-2010, includes a wide variety of formats and processes including 19th and 20th photographic prints, glass plate negatives, copy prints, contact sheets, slides, and 35mm negatives. Subjects include artists and others associated with the Academy, the school, exhibitions and events, Academy buildings, artwork, and reference photographs. Many 19th century photographs contain descriptive annotations. Supplementary inventories and guides prepared by Academy archivists are scattered throughout the series.

Artist files date from 1826-2004 and include the correspondence, writings, manuscripts, diaries, exhibition catalogs, and clippings of many notable artists involved with the Academy, including Asher B. Durand and Rembrandt Peale. Of particular note are two notebooks Durand gifted to the Academy, both containing notes and sketches from anatomy lectures.

While printed material is scattered throughout, the final series collects a small number of additional announcements, brochures, clippings, illustrations, and other ephemera not filed in other series.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as nineteen series.

Series 1: Minutes and Committee Files, 1825-2006 (11.5 linear feet; Boxes 1-11, BV 100-106)

Series 2: Director Files, 1942-1990 (0.5 linear feet; Box 11)

Series 3: Annual Reports, 1828-2003, circa 2010 (2.1 linear feet; Boxes 11-13, OV 139-142)

Series 4: Constitutions, 1826-2012 (1.1 linear feet; Boxes 13-14)

Series 5: Council Officers, 1848-1980 (4 linear feet; Boxes 14-18)

Series 6: General Administration, 1825-1982 (0.6 linear feet; Boxes 18, 126)

Series 7: Exhibitions, 1826-2003, 2008 (14.4 linear feet; Boxes 18-33)

Series 8: Gifts and Funding, 1860-2009 (4.1 linear feet; Boxes 33-37)

Series 9: Membership, 1826-2012 (3.4 linear feet; Boxes 37-39, 127-131)

Series 10: National Academy Association, 1911-1959 (0.4 linear feet; Box 39)

Series 11: Ranger Fund Assignments, 1919-2008 (4.3 linear feet; Boxes 39-44)

Series 12: School, 1826-2008 (28.5 linear feet; Boxes 44-56, 68-99)

Series 13: Scrapbooks, 1828-1939 (4 linear feet; Box 56, BV 107-125)

Series 14: Society of American Artists, 1878-1906 (0.8 linear feet; Boxes 56-57)

Series 15: Other Organizations, 1817-1997 (1.8 linear feet; Boxes 57-59, 131)

Series 16: Oral History Transcripts, 2002-2007 (0.7 linear feet; Box 59)

Series 17: Photographic Material, 1845-2010 (6.1 linear feet; Boxes 60-63, 131-138, OV 143-144)

Series 18: Artist Files, 1826-2004 (3.5 linear feet; Boxes 63-66)

Series 19: Printed Material, 1839-1954 (0.4 linear feet; Boxes 67, 131, OV 145)

Biographical / Historical:

The National Academy of Design (1825- ) based in New York City, is a tripartite organization consisting of a membership body of artists, a school, and an exhibition program. The Academy was founded in 1825 by a group of professional artists with the mission to promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education. Originally named the New York Drawing Association, the Academy was the first organization in the United States established and managed by professional artists. Samuel F.B. Morse, the Academy's first president, was influenced by the organization of the Royal Academy in London, which was comprised of professional artist members and elected government council, an art school, and a venue for exhibitions. After unsuccessful negotiations to unite with the American Academy of Fine Arts, the New York Drawing Association reformed as the National Academy of The Arts of Design on January 19, 1826. Among the founders were mostly young artists who became prominent figures in American art, including Frederick S. Agate, Thomas Cole, Thomas S. Cummings, Asher B. Durand, John Frazee, Charles C. Ingham, Henry Inman, Gerlando Marsiglia, Samuel F. B. Morse, Samuel L. Waldo, and Charles Cushing Wright.

The first Academy members were elected in January 1826, and levels of membership were established shortly thereafter. Originally there were four levels of Academy membership: associates, academicians, artists, and honorary corresponding members. The category of artists was eliminated in 1829, and the honorary member category, established to recognize American artists living outside New York, distinguished foreign artists, and patrons and friends of the Academy, was eliminated in 1862 (the constitution was not amended with this change until 1896). Since 1869, the residency requirement for election to active membership was eliminated and membership was opened to all American artists. In 1920, the classification of honorary corresponding member was re-introduced to recognize representatives of other national academies. With the 1997 constitution, the honorary corresponding member classification was again eliminated, and in 1994 the associate category was eliminated.

Artists are proposed for membership by academicians through the membership committee and are elected for life by a sixty percent majority, based on recognized excellence and significant contributions to the field. Procedures and rules for nominating and choosing new academicians changed over the years, as detailed in the constitutions. Associates were at one time required to present a portrait of themselves upon election and academicians were required to provide an additional representative work upon election. With the elimination of the category of associate in 1994, only one representative work is currently required. These works of art become part of the Academy's permanent collection.

The original classes of professional artists were painting, sculpture, architecture, and engraving. These professional classes were modified over the years. In 1936 the engraving class was made more comprehensive, including all of the graphic arts. Watercolor was added as a class in 1943 and was codified in the 1945 constitution. However, the division into five distinct classes started to create difficulties in how specific works of art were to be categorized. In 1981 the council eased the rules regarding separate media classification so that members could submit a work in any medium to the annual exhibitions regardless of the class to which they had been elected. The constitution of 1994 restated four professional classes—painting, sculpture, graphics, and architecture—which were further reduced in the 2011 constitution to two: visual arts and architecture.

Until 2009, the governing body of the Academy was the council. The seven officers of the council were president, vice-president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, corresponding secretary, assistant corresponding secretary and recording secretary, all of whom were required to be academicians. In 2009, a new constitution provided for a board of governors, replacing the council. The five officers of the board of governors are chair, vice-chair, president, vice-president, and treasurer. Only the offices of president and vice-president are required to be held by academicians.

Central to the Academy's mission, the school began with an anatomy lecture for the New York Drawing Association, delivered by Dr. Frederick G. King in November 1825. The first drawing session took place in November 1826 in the Old Alms House at City Hall Park with two academicians and twenty students. In the school's early years, professional artists met with students to draw from plaster casts of antique sculpture in the academic tradition. Both lectures and studio training were central the school's early curricula. Life classes, the practice of drawing from live models, were introduced in 1837, but only to advanced male students. A life class for women was not instituted until 1857, even though women were allowed membership to the Academy since its beginning. Due to financial difficulties at the Academy, the school was forced to move locations and shut down its operations for extended periods. Mounting dissatisfaction and frustration led several students and Lemuel E. Wilmarth, one of the school's leaders and first full-time professional instructor, to leave the Academy in 1875 and form a new school, the Art Students League. While charging tuition was unpopular, the Academy realized that it was necessary to ensure the school's sustainability, and implemented fee structures with varying success over the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th. Eventually, tuition was established by 1951, when the school was reopened at a new location, 5th Avenue and 89th Street.

Exhibitions have always been an important activity for the Academy, even prior to the opening of the National Academy Museum in 1979. Since 1826, the Academy has held annual exhibitions intended to reflect contemporary art currents in America. Any American artist was eligible to submit work to be reviewed by a jury of selection, comprised of academicians. Throughout the 19th century, the annual exhibitions at the Academy were one of the most significant and influential in the country. The selection process for these exhibitions was a critical topic, at times actively discussed in the press, and continually undergoing modification and change. In addition to the Annuals, the galleries of the Academy were often rented or loaned to outside organizations such as the American Watercolor Society, Audubon Artists, and the National Association of Women Artists. The galleries also mounted special exhibitions curated by its members and hosted a certain number of travelling exhibitions organized by other museums or art organizations. The museum, opened in 1979, hosted and presented major exhibitions, many focusing on historic European subjects.

Official Names of the Academy 1825-2017

1825 -- The New York Drawing Association

1826 -- The National Academy of The Arts of Design

1828 -- The National Academy of Design

1997 -- The National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art

2017 -- The National Academy of Design

National Academy of Design Meeting, Exhibition, and School Locations

1826 -- Old Alms House at City Hall Park in lower Manhattan

1827-1830 -- Chambers Street over the Arcade Baths

1831-1840 -- Corner of Nassau and Beckman Streets, the Mercantile Library on the third floor of Clinton Hall

1841 to 1849 -- 346 Broadway (at Leonard Street), the third and fourth floors of the New York Society Library

1850-1854 -- 663 Broadway, where the Academy erected a suite of six galleries

1855-1856 -- 548 Broadway (over Dr. Chapin's Church)

1857 -- 663 Broadway

1858-1861 -- 10th Street and 4th Avenue, the upper floor of a building

1861-1863 -- 625 Broadway, the Institute of Art

1865-1899 -- 23rd Street and Fourth Avenue (now Park Avenue South)

1899-1940 -- 109th Street and Amsterdam Avenue; exhibition galleries at 215 West 57th Street

1940-2017 -- 1083 Fifth Avenue at East 89th Street

Provenance:

The bulk of the collection was donated by the National Academy of Design in 2018. The trustees' ledger book in series 6 was donated in 1979 by Warder Cadbury of the Adirondack Museum; it is unclear how Cadbury acquired the ledger. Microfilm reels 798-799 containing transcriptions of minutes were given to the Archives by Lois Fink in 1974.

Restrictions:

This bulk of this collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Function:

Arts organizations -- New York (State)

Art Schools -- New York (State)

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Scrapbooks

Interviews

Citation:

National Academy of Design records, 1817-2012. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.natiacad

See more items in:

National Academy of Design records

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9790a36d2-0f17-4470-b1e2-0292dba3dd20

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-natiacad

Creator:

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Engineering and Industry  Search this

Subject:

Stephens, Carlene E. 1949-  Search this

Battison, Edwin A  Search this

Vogel, Robert M  Search this

Multhauf, Robert P  Search this

Ferguson, Eugene S  Search this

Mitman, Carl Weaver 1889-  Search this

Roebling, John Augustus 1806-1869  Search this

Lubar, Steven D  Search this

United States National Museum  Search this

Museum of History and Technology (U.S.)  Search this

National Museum of History and Technology (U.S.) Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Department of the History of Science and Technology  Search this

Arts and Industries Building (Washington, D.C.)  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.) Hall of Heavy Machinery  Search this

National Museum of History and Technology (U.S.) Department of History of Technology  Search this

Museum of History and Technology (U.S.) Department of Science and Technology  Search this

Physical description:

6.81 cu. ft. processed holdings

15.1 cu. ft. unprocessed holdings

Type:

Drawings

Black-and-white photographs

Manuscripts

Floor plans

Black-and-white transparencies

Black-and-white negatives

Color photographs

Color transparencies

Sketches

Exhibition catalogs

Clippings

Newsletters

Architectural drawings

Electronic records

Illustrations

Date:

1927

1927-1991

1927, 1953-1991

Topic:

Engineering--History  Search this

Industries--History  Search this

Civil engineering  Search this

Mechanical engineering  Search this

Museum curators  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Local number:

SIA RS00381

Restrictions & Rights:

Materials less than 15 years old Restricted. Contact reference staff for details

See more items in:

Exhibition Records 1927, 1953-1991 [National Museum of American History (U.S.) Division of Engineering and Industry]

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_219690

Collector:

Rockhill, William Woodville, 1854-1914  Search this

Extent:

1 Print (black and white woodblock, 45 x 24 inches)

Container:

Folder 7151

Culture:

Chinese  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Graphic Materials

Prints

Works of art

Woodblock prints

Maps

Place:

Beijing (China)

East Asia

Date:

undated

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of a woodblock print showing Beijing (Peking) within the city walls, oriented to the north. The print is probably a mid- to late-nineteenth century copy of a print from the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820). The map includes street names, various public buildings and structures, including palace grounds, temples, city walls and gates, and other points of interest. It is a popular print, intended for practical use by travelers. The map has been annotated in pencil with English transliterations of names of city gates. An English title "Plan of Peking" has also been added.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Biographical Note:

William Woodville Rockhill (1854-1914) was an American diplomat and a leading scholar in Chinese and Tibetan studies. He served with the American Legation in Peking (Beijing) in the 1880s and was United States Ambassador to China from 1905-1909.

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 7151

NAA INV 10000007

USNM Accession 24520

USNM Catalog 152649

Variant Title:

Plan of Peking

Map of the Capital City

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Genre/Form:

Works of art

Woodblock prints

Maps

Citation:

MS 7151 Shou shan quan tu [Map of Beijing], National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS7151

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw36ea4bc07-d06d-4ad3-a3f8-b0fa4c5807e6

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms7151