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International Salt Company Records

Creator:: International Salt Company Search this; Costain, Harold Haliday Search this; Rittase, William M., 1894-1968 Search this

Extent:: 3.5 Cubic feet (11 boxes, 1 oversize folder)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Photograph albums; Slides (photographs); Photographs; Transparencies; Time books; Scrapbooks; Cashbooks; Annual reports; Ledgers (account books); Financial records; Patents; Letters; Newsletters

Date:: 1881-1993; bulk 1920-1929

Summary:: The collection contains business records and photographic materials documenting the International Salt Company. The business records include correspondence, account and ledger books, a payroll book, patent and trademark information, print advertising and marketing materials, and a salesman salt display kit. The photographic materials include a series of photographs by William M. Rittase, a series of photographs by Harold Haliday Costain, a small photograph album, snapshots, and slides. The images cover all facets of the salt manufacturing and packaging operations, and include photographs taken in New York State, Michigan, and Louisiana.

Scope and Contents:: The collection contains business records and photographic materials documenting the International Salt Company. The business records include correspondence, account and ledger books, a payroll book, patent and trademark information, print advertising and marketing materials, and a salesman salt display kit. The photographic materials include a series of photographs by William M. Rittase, a series of photographs by Harold Haliday Costain, a small photograph album, snapshots, and slides. The images cover all facets of the salt manufacturing and packaging operations, and include photographs taken in New York State, Michigan, and Louisiana.

The scrapbooks contain advertisements for the International Salt Company's Sterling Salt label and other leading salt companies, especially Morton's. Much of the ephemera consists of labels, but there are also small pamphlet cookbooks. The cookbooks, prepared and marketed by various salt companies, tout recipes for tasty dishes using specific salts and expound upon the merits of salt in general, especially the medical benefits. Other clever salt-related advertising appears in conjunction with maps, buttons, song books, calendars, and health exercises.

Series 1, Business Records, 1894-1937, consists primarily of financial materials--ledgers, cash books, monthly statements, timekeeping and payroll information--for the Avery Rock Salt Mining Company (A.R.S.M.Co.), Detroit Rock Salt Company, Detroit Salt Company, International Salt Company, and the Restof Mining Company. Additionally, there is one annual report for the International Salt Company (1957) and the newsletter Saltmaker, 1964.

There are two A.R.S.M.Co. ledgers, 1898-1907 and 1907-1922. The first ledger, 1898-1907, predates the founding of the International Salt Company, and it is likely that A.R.S.M.Co was absorbed by International Salt during a merger. Documentation recorded including inventories, merchandise, labor, surplus, insurance, office expenses, legal expenses, taxes, bills receivable, directors' committee fees, fuel, candles, oil, waste and packing, rental, repairs and maintenance, interest, labor, feed, outside salary account, Cuban consignment account, and loan account. Specific persons, such as superintendents F. Rundio and Sidney Bradford, are mentioned and specific companies including Restof Mining, Joy Morton Company, Havana Mill, G. Lawton Childs & Company, International Salt of New York and various others (pages 193-212), are listed with expenses.

The Detroit Salt Company (general ledger), 1911-1913, consists of one bound volume documenting the company's assets, liabilities, expenses, earnings, advance accounts, and old accounts.

Detroit Rock Salt Company (cash record), 1912 October-1913 January, consists of one bound volume documenting cash received and cash disbursed.

International Salt Company, Inc., Independent Salt Company Division (monthly statements), 1933 October-1937 December, consists of one bound volume of general ledger trial balance sheets organized chronologically. Detailed documentation includes general expenses, assets, capital assets, liabilities, special reserves, net worth, profit and loss statements, warehousing costs and tonnage purchased.

Restof Mining Company (time and payroll), 1894 July 1-1895 March 31, consists of one bound volume of 400 pages, documenting the time and payroll for employees. The volume contains the name of the employee, the number of days worked, hourly wage earned per day, the amount earned, advances, board due, store (supplies due), rent, and any balances due. A portion of the volume is severely water-damaged.

Series 2, Trademarks, 1881-1935, consists of copies of issued trademark declarations from the United States Patent Office. The trademarks are for company names, logos, salt containers and packages, and various salt products. The trademarks are arranged alphabetically by the name of the trademark. For example, Amaessa, a trademark for baking powder and salt is filed with other trademarks beginning with the letter "A." Additional materials consist of one file folder of correspondence and printed materials about patents, trademarks and copyright laws. The correspondence relates specifically to the ownership of certain trademarks by International Salt Company, and there is correspondence from John L. Ryon, assistant sales manager and W.T. Chisolm, vice-president of International Salt Company. There are compiled lists of brand names, trademarks, and package designs for which International Salt registered at the United States Patent Office, 1926-1927. There are two examples of small cloth bags branded with "Ideal Salt" and some packaging, such as "White Lily High Grade Salt" and labels such as "Purex Free Running Table Salt." The Peter J.L. Searing trademark for salt (No. 52,963) and Chicago Sawed Salt-Block Company (No. 15,174) provide examples of ethnic imagery. A trademark is a brand name. A trademark or service mark includes any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services. Although federal registration of a mark is not mandatory, it has several advantages, including notice to the public of the registrant's claim of ownership of the mark, legal presumption of ownership nationwide, and exclusive right to use the mark on or in connection with the goods/services listed in the registration.

Series 3, Photographs, 1934-1993, is divided into five subseries: Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, 1934; Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934; Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993; Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s; and Subseries 5, Album (unidentified), undated.

Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, circa 1934, consists of three photographs (approximately 10 1/2" x 13") black-and-white prints mounted to 16" x 20" boards. The prints are numbered #6, #42, and #44 and depict a salt mine and equipment used in salt manufacturing located in Avery Island, Louisiana.

Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934, consists of black-and-white prints (10" x 14") signed by Ritasse which are mounted on 18 1/2" x 20" boards. The photographs are arranged numerically from #350 to #480. Many of the photographs are captioned. American photographer William Rittase (1887-1968), active in the 1920s-1930s, is known for his industrial photography. Rittase's images provide insight into International Salt Company activities such as salt manufacturing, packaging operations, general factory processes, printing salt bags, can labeling, brine storage, exteriors of buildings, crushing salt, men in the salt mines, machine shop views, and equipment.

Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993, consists of black-and-white and color prints, as well as transparencies depicting salt mines and related activities. Some of the photographs document a visit by International Salt Company executives to the Jefferson Island, Louisiana salt plant.

Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s, consists of seventeen color slides documenting salt plants, equipment and salt miners.

Subseries 5, Album (damaged mine), undated, consists of twenty-two 4" x 6 1/2" black-and-white photographs documenting the damage to a salt manufacturing plant. The photographs are captioned, but there is no indication of the geographic location of the salt plant.

Series 4, Advertising and Marketing Materials, 1920-1948, consists of two scrapbooks (14" x 17" and 11" x 16") that contain primarily tear sheets, unbound periodical pages showing an advertisement as printed, or as a proof, newspaper clippings, magazine clippings, correspondence, pamphlets, price lists, recipes, labels, periodicals, and other ephemera.

The scrapbook, 1920-1931, consists primarily of advertisements and newspaper clippings related to advertising salt products, especially for Morton's Salt and Diamond Crystal Salt. Other companies represented include Colonial Salt Company, Carey Salt Company, Jefferson Island Salt Company, Kerr Salt Company, Mulkey Salt Company, Myles Salt Company, Ohio Salt Company, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Remington Salt Company, Star Salt Corporation, Union Salt Company, Worcester Salt Company, and Watkins Salt Company.

The scrapbook from 1945-1948 is devoted to advertisements for the International Salt Company and Sterling Salt, which promoted salt uses for the home (table salt, curing meats, and brines), industry (rock salt for winter weather) and agriculture (killing weeds). Many of the advertisements were part of the "Pass the Salt" campaign and were featured in publications such as Woman's Day, National Provisioner, Food Industries, Hide, Leather and Shoes, Chemical Previews, and Public Works. The scrapbook is divided into three sections: institutional, weed prevention, and Lixate, a process developed by the International Salt Research Laboratory for making brine. Many of the advertisements were prepared by J.M. Mathes Incorporated.

Also included is a traveling salt kit for Sterling Salt Company salesmen, undated, featuring small glass vials of sterling salt from mines in Detroit, Avery Island, Louisiana, and Restof, New York. Each vial notes the types of salts--purified, softener, iodized, medium flake, coarse flake, granular flour, and meat.

Series 5, Posters, circa 1920s, consists of oversize advertising posters for Worcester Salt Company. There is one set of labels from an exhibit titled "I Eat Rocks! Salt of the Earth."

Arrangement:: The collection is divided into five series.

Series 1, Business Records, 1894-1937

Series 2, Trademarks, 1881-1935

Series 3, Photographs, 1934-1993

Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, circa 1934

Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934

Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993

Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s

Subseries 5, Album (damaged mine), undated

Series 4, Advertising and Marketing Materials, 1920-1948

Series 5, Posters, circa 1920s

Biographical / Historical:: The International Salt Company incorporated on August 22, 1901, and in 1902, the company purchased the stock and assets of the National Salt Company, which had failed. By 1934, International Salt was a holding company for six subsidiaries: Avery Salt Company (West Virginia), Detroit Rock Salt Company (Michigan), Eastern Salt Company (Massachusetts), Independent Salt Company (New York), International Salt Company, Inc. (New York), and Retsof Mining Company (New York). All of the subsidiaries operated rock salt mines and evaporated salt plants and distributed salt. In 1940, the International Salt Company decided to sell four of its subsidiaries--Avery Salt Company, Detroit Rock Salt Company, International Salt Company, Inc., and Retsof Mining Company.

John M. Avery discovered rock salt at Petite Anse, Louisiana in 1862. Petite Anse Island was renamed Avery Island in the late 19th century. Ownership and mining of salt at Petite Anse involved numerous parties until 1886, when New Iberia Salt Company took over operations. In 1896, the Avery family began operating the mine, and they founded the Avery Rock Salt Mining Company. In 1899, the International Salt Company leased the mine.

The Detroit Salt and Manufacturing Company was founded in 1906. The company quickly went bankrupt during construction of a shaft and was acquired in 1910 by the Watkins Salt Company, which incorporated the new organization under the name Detroit Rock Salt Company. The company experienced success and the International Salt Company purchased the mine circa 1914. In 1983, International Salt closed the mine's operations and in 1985, Crystal Mines, Inc., purchased the mine as a potential storage site.

In 1885 the Empire Salt Company of New York was renamed the Retsof Mine Company, and the Village of Retsof was founded near the mine shaft. During the next 110 years, the mine grew to become the largest salt-producing mine in the United States and the second largest in the world. Before the initial collapse in March 1994, the mine encompassed an underground area of more than 6,000 acres, and the mine footprint (outer edge of mined area) extended over an area of nearly ten square miles. At the time of the collapse, the Retsof Mine was owned by Akzo-Nobel Salt Incorporated (ANSI) and, during the winter of 1993--994 operated at full capacity to meet demands for road salt throughout the northeastern United States. The Retsof Mine ceased operations on September 2, 1995, and by December, twenty-one months after the initial collapse, the mine was completely flooded.

Related Materials:: Materials held at the Smithsonian Institution

Smithsonian Institution Libraries, National Museum of American History

Trade catalogs from International Salt Company Inc., 1900s

Materials held at Other Organizations

Harvard University Archives

Ritasse, William M., 1894-1968. Photographs of Hardvard University campus and environs taken by William M. Ritasse, circa 1930.

Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs

Avery Rock Salt Mining Company, Plan. June 16, 1924 (AKZO No. 7-77-02) - Avery Island Salt Works, Akzo Salt Incorporated, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA

Salt Mine Village, Salt Workers' Houses No. 6, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA

Avery Island Sugarhouse, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA

State Library of Louisiana

Historic Photograph Collection contains images of salt mining at Avery Island, Louisiana.

University of North Carolina, Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Library

Papers for the Avery Family of Louisiana, 1796-1951

Provenance:: Tom Maeder donated the collection on June 13, 2009.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Salt Search this; Salt workers Search this; Salt mines and mining -- Michigan Search this; Salt mines and mining -- New York Search this; Salt industry and trade Search this; Salt mines and mining -- Louisiana Search this; advertising Search this; Industrial photography -- 1990-2000 -- Texas Search this; Mines and mineral resources -- Louisiana Search this; Mines and mineral resources -- New York Search this; Mines and mineral resources -- Michigan Search this

Genre/Form:: Photograph albums; Slides (photographs) -- 20th century; Photographs -- 20th century; Transparencies; Time books; Scrapbooks; Cashbooks; Annual reports; Ledgers (account books); Financial records; Patents; Letters; Newsletters

Citation:: International Salt Company Records, 1881-1993, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.1158

See more items in:: International Salt Company Records

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8fb5589f8-c9ba-4e1d-ac7d-1ce2b4585c34

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1158

Online Media:

Modjeski and Masters Company Records

Creator:: Modjeski and Masters Search this

Collector:: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of History of Technology Search this; National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Search this

Names:: Masters, Frank, 1883-1974 Search this; Modjeski, Ralph, 1861-1940 Search this

Interviewer:: Vogel, Robert M. Search this

Extent:: 60 Cubic feet (140 boxes, 23 map folders)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Oral history; Lantern slides; Photographs; Drawings; Contracts; Letterpress books; Correspondence

Place:: Harrisburg (Penn.); Pennsylvania

Date:: 1870-1979; bulk 1900-1940

Summary:: The records document the work of consulting engineers and bridge builders, Ralph Modjeski (1861-1940) and Frank Masters (1883-1974) of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Scope and Contents:: This collection documents the civil engineering career of Ralph Modjeski (1861-1940) and Frank masters (1883-1974). The materials include bound volumes and loose photographs of bridge work-in-progress; printed reports; articles, pamphlets; drawings, blue prints and tracings of bridges; letterpress books of correspondence; contracts; reports; studies of bridge materials; and glass plate negatives and lantern slides depicting bridges.

Arrangement:: The collection is arranged into ten series.

Series 1: Biographical Materials, 1915-1986

Series 2: Letter Press Books, 1898-1906

Series 3: Photographs, 1878-1979

Series 4: Contracts, 1895-1960

Series 5: Printed Materials, 1862-1969

Series 6: Newspaper Clippings, 1924-1941

Series 7: Lantern Slides, undated

Series 8: Glass Plate Negatives, 1906-1926

Series 9: Film Negatives, 1924, undated

Series 10: Drawings, 1901-1952

Biographical / Historical:: Rudolphe Modrzejewski was born to Helena Jadwiga Opid (d.1909) and Gustav Sinnmayer Modrzejewski (d. 1901) on January 27, 1861, in Cracow, Poland. His mother was an internationally known stage actress who went by the name Helena Modrzejewska. In 1868, Helena married Count Karol Bożenta Chłapowski. In July 1876, Helena and Rudolphe emigrated to America, where, for purposes of American citizenship, the Polish form of their surname was later changed to Modjeski (feminine form Modjeska). Modjeski became a naturalized citizen in 1883 in San Francisco, California.

In 1882, Modjeski returned to Europe to study at the Ecole Des Ponts et Chaussees and graduated in 1885 with a degree in civil engineering. Modjeski worked with prominent civil engineer and "Father of American Bridge Building," George S. Morison, on the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge over the Missouri River at Omaha as an assistant engineer. He remained with Morison from 1885 to 1892. Some of his assignments included working in the shops which produced steel sections; the design office where he advanced to chief draftsman; and as an inspector of quality control in shops that fabricated steel elements. Modjeski worked with Morison on his Willamette, Nebraska City, Sioux City, Winona, Cairo, and Memphis bridges across the Mississippi River. The Memphis bridge was the longest span cantilever in the country at the time.

In 1893, Modjeski opened a civil engineering practice in Chicago with S. Nicholson. After some financial difficulties, Nicholson and Modjeski dissolved their partnership. Modjeski's first individual large commission was the bridge at Rock Island, Illinois (1895) across the Mississippi River where he designed and supervised the construction of the bridge for the federal government and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company.

In 1902, Modjeski went into partnership with fellow civil engineer, Alfred Noble (1844-1914) forming the firm of Noble and Modjeski. He went into partnership with Walter Angier, under the name Modjeski and Angier, civil and inspecting engineers, between 1912 and 1924 with several offices around the United States. Angiers had worked with him beginning in 1902 on the bridge across the Mississippi at Thebes, Illinois. Modjeski partnered, in 1924, with Frank Masters (1883-1974), who had worked with him and Angiers between 1904 and 1914 on the Memphis and Louisville Bridges, forming Modjeski and Masters. Clement E. Chase and Montgomery B. Case later joined the firm as partners. In 1937, Masters assumed full control and ownership of the firm which specialized in the design and construction supervision of large bridges and other structures, rehabilitation and reconstruction of existing bridges, the design of highways and expressways, subways and wharves, the design of large and complex foundations, inspection of construction materials, and the creation of surveys, investigations and reports.

Modjeski built and/or consulted on over forty bridges in his lifetime. He built truss, steel arch, and suspension bridges. He introduced steel tower pylons in place of masonry towers and he used better grades of steel, such as new steel alloys with improved strength and durability. He also introduced advancements in the design of cable configurations and deck-stiffening beams. Some of his major projects included: the Columbia River and Willamette bridges, McKinley Bridge at St. Louis; the Celilo Railroad Bridge at Celilo, Ohio; the Thebes Bridge over the Mississippi; the Quebec Bridge over the St. Lawrence River; the Delaware River Bridge; the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Manhattan Bridge, and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.

On December 28, 1885, Modjeski married Felicie Benda (d. 1936) in New York and the couple had three children: Felix Bozenta Modjeski (1887); Marylka Stuart Modjeski (1894) and Charles Emmanuel John Modjeski (1896-1944). Ralph and Felicie divorced in 1931. He later married Virginia Giblyn on July 7, 1931. Modjeski died in Los Angles on June 26, 1940.

Related Materials:: Materials in the Archives Center

Bollman Truss Bridge Collection, 1852-1986 (AC1064)

Canadian Bridges Photograph Albums, 1873-1911 (AC1025)

Victor C. Darnell Bridge Construction Photographs, 1911-1913 and undated (AC1018)

Beata Drake Covered Bridge Collection, 1954-1981 (AC0998)

Ben Franklin Bridge Photograph Album, 1922-1926 (AC1029)

Hartford, Connecticut Bridge Collection, 1903-1905 (AC1066)

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Bridge Profiles, 1877-1896 (AC1073)

Richard H. Miller Bridge Collection : postcards and slides, circa 1950-1988 and undated, #950

George S. Morison Collection, 1846-1903 (AC0978)

Niagara Falls Bridge Commission Records, 1848-1946 (bulk 1890-1929) (AC1060)

Northern Pacific Railroad Bridge Construction Photograph Album, 1883-1884 (AC1030)

David Plowden North American Bridge Photographs, 1970-1976 (AC1019)

Quebec Bridge Photograph Collection, 1905-1986 (bulk 1905-1916) (AC1026)

Railroad Bridges Construction Photograph Album, circa 1905-1914 (AC1024)

Samuel Reed Bridge Collection, 1947-1964 (AC1001)

Rip Van Winkle Bridge Photographs, 1933-1935 (AC1027)

John A. Roebling Collection,1836-1975 (bulk 1930-1950) (AC0981)

Holton Duncan Robinson Papers, 1889-1938 (AC0963)

Lucinda Rudell Covered Bridges Collection, 1942-1979 (AC1028)

Lester Shanks Collection of Covered Bridge Photographs and Ephemera, 1876-2010 (bulk 1973-2008) (AC1244)

Washington, D.C. Bridges Collection, 1900-1905 (AC01095)

Raymond E. Wilson Covered Bridge Collection, 1958-1974 (AC0999)

Materials at Other Organizations

Southern Illinois University, Morris Library Special Collections

Walter E. Angier photograph collection, 1901-1915

Walter E. Angier Vertical File Manuscript, 1924

Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

Alfred Noble Papers, 1862-1922

Provenance:: The collection was donated by Modejeski and Masters Consulting Engineers, through Joseph J. Scherrer, October 2, 1990.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Civil engineering Search this; Bridge failures Search this; Bridges Search this

Genre/Form:: Oral history -- 1950-1970; Lantern slides; Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Glass; Drawings; Contracts; Letterpress books; Photographs -- 19th century; Correspondence

Citation:: Modjeski and Masters Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.0976

See more items in:: Modjeski and Masters Company Records

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep827750b46-05ec-4519-8a2c-dddf6ab57d6e

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0976

Online Media:

view Captain H.C. Gray Balloon Basket digital asset number 1

Captain H.C. Gray Balloon Basket

Materials:: Wicker, wood, rope, metal

Dimensions:: 3-D (Overall basket and ring dimentsions): 143.5 × 100.3 × 220.8cm, 92.5kg (4 ft. 8 1/2 in. × 3 ft. 3 1/2 in. × 7 ft. 2 15/16 in., 204lb.); 3-D (Overall basket with rigging pear ring): 143.5 × 100.3 × 355.4cm (4 ft. 8 1/2 in. × 3 ft. 3 1/2 in. × 11 ft. 7 15/16 in.)

Type:: CRAFT-Balloon

Country of Origin:: United States of America

Date:: 1927

Credit Line:: Transferred from the War Department

Inventory Number:: A19280013000

Restrictions & Rights:: CC0

See more items in:: National Air and Space Museum Collection

Data Source:: National Air and Space Museum

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9088af853-cd3d-48b4-b6ed-8a39f2e66764

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nasm_A19280013000

Online Media:

No Image Available

Lady Washington's Reception

Title:: Republican Court

Artist:: Daniel Huntington, 14 Oct 1816 - 18 Apr 1906 Search this

Sitter:: Abigail Smith Adams, 11 Nov 1744 - 28 Oct 1818 Search this; Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, 9 Aug 1757 - 9 Nov 1854 Search this; John Jay, 12 Dec 1745 - 17 May 1829 Search this; John Adams, 30 Oct 1735 - 4 Jul 1826 Search this; Alexander Hamilton, 11 Jan 1757 - 11 Jul 1804 Search this; Henry Laurens, 6 Mar 1724 - 8 Dec 1792 Search this; John Dickinson, 8 Nov 1732 - 14 Feb 1808 Search this; Mary Alsop King, 1769 - 1819 Search this; Mrs. Van Rensseleaar Search this; Unidentified Sitter Search this; Mrs. Genet Search this; Martha Washington, 2 Jun 1731 - 22 May 1802 Search this; Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis, 31 Mar 1779 - 15 Jul 1852 Search this; Mary White Morris, 1749 - 1827 Search this; John Trumbull, 6 Jun 1756 - 10 Nov 1843 Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 12 Oct 1710 - 17 Aug 1785 Search this; Oliver Ellsworth, 1745 - 1807 Search this; Thomas Jefferson, 13 Apr 1743 - 4 Jul 1826 Search this; Miss Habersham Search this; Faith Trumbull Wadsworth, 1769 - 1846 Search this; Oliver Wolcott, 1726 - 1797 Search this; George Hammond, 1763 - 1853 Search this; George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799 Search this; Harriet Chew Carroll, 1775 - 1861 Search this; Duke of Kent Search this; Arthur Middleton, 1742 - 1787 Search this; Mrs. Drayton Search this; Miss Brockholst Livingston Search this; Mrs. Bingham, born mid 18th century Search this; Abigail Amelia Adams Smith Search this; Benjamin Huntington Search this; Pamela Dwight Sedgwick, 26 Jun 1753 - 20 Sep 1807 Search this; Lewis Morris, 8 Apr 1726 - 22 Jan 1798 Search this; Robert Morris, 31 Jan 1734 - 8 May 1806 Search this; Thomas McKean, 19 Mar 1734 - 24 Jun 1817 Search this; Nathanael Greene, 7 Aug 1742 - 19 Jun 1786 Search this; Sarah Vanbrugh Livingston Jay, 2 Aug 1756 - 28 May 1802 Search this; Sophia Chew, 1769 - 1841 Search this; Gouverneur Morris, 31 Jan 1752 - 6 Nov 1816 Search this; Louis Philippe, King of France, 1773 - 1850 Search this; James Iredell, 5 Oct 1751 - 20 Oct 1799 Search this; Benjamin Rush, 4 Jan 1746 - 19 April 1813 Search this; Charles Carroll, 1737 - 1832 Search this; William White, c. 4 Apr 1748 - 17 Jul 1836 Search this; Gilbert Stuart, 3 Dec 1755 - 9 Jul 1828 Search this; Otho Holland Williams, 1749 - 1794 Search this; Robert R. Livingston, 27 Nov 1746 - 26 Feb 1813 Search this; Francis Hopkinson, 1737 - 1791 Search this; Catherine Luer Search this; Sally Foster Otis, 1770 - 1836 Search this; Alice De Lancey Izard, 1745 - 1832 Search this; Cornelia Tappen Clinton, 1744 - 1800 Search this; John Hancock, 12 Jan 1737 - 8 Oct 1793 Search this; Ashbel Green, 1762 - 1848 Search this; Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, 17 Sep 1730 - 28 Nov 1794 Search this; Edmund Randolph, 10 Aug 1753 - 12 Sep 1813 Search this; Mrs. Cutler Search this; Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich Search this; Mrs. Winthrop Search this; Martha ("Patsy") Jefferson Randolph, 27 Sep 1772 - 10 Oct 1836 Search this; Benjamin Lincoln, 24 Jan 1733 - 9 May 1810 Search this; Henry Knox, 25 Jul 1750 - 25 Oct 1806 Search this; George Washington Parke Custis, 30 Apr 1781 - 10 Oct 1857 Search this

Possibly:: Mary Carroll Caton, 2 Sep 1770 - 14 Nov 1846 Search this

Medium:: Oil on canvas

Dimensions:: 167.6 x 277cm (66 x 109 1/16")

Type:: Painting

Date:: 1861

Topic:: Interior Search this; Architecture\Arch Search this; Artwork\Painting Search this; Artwork\Sculpture\Bust Search this; Architecture\Column Search this; Artwork\Sculpture\Statue Search this; Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis: Female Search this; Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis: Visual Arts\Artist\Silhouettist Search this; Ashbel Green: Male Search this; Ashbel Green: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy Search this; Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Male Search this; Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee Search this; Edmund Randolph: Male Search this; Edmund Randolph: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\US Attorney General Search this; Edmund Randolph: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State Search this; Edmund Randolph: Politics and Government\Governor\Virginia Search this; George Washington: Male Search this; George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; George Washington: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman Search this; George Washington: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer Search this; George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General Search this; George Washington: Politics and Government\President of US Search this; George Washington: Science and Technology\Surveyor Search this; George Washington: Congressional Gold Medal Search this; Otho Holland Williams: Male Search this; Otho Holland Williams: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; George Hammond: Male Search this; George Hammond: Politics and Government\Statesman Search this; Robert Morris: Male Search this; Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Robert Morris: Business and Finance\Banking and Finance\Financier Search this; Robert Morris: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant\Shipping merchant Search this; Robert Morris: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania Search this; Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution Search this; Benjamin Lincoln: Male Search this; Benjamin Lincoln: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; Benjamin Lincoln: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War Search this; Benjamin Lincoln: Politics and Government\Lieutenant Governor\Massachusetts Search this; Mary White Morris: Female Search this; Mary White Morris: Society and Social Change\Hostess Search this; Henry Knox: Male Search this; Henry Knox: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; Henry Knox: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War Search this; Henry Knox: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant\Bookseller Search this; Oliver Wolcott: Male Search this; Oliver Wolcott: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; Oliver Wolcott: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Gilbert Stuart: Male Search this; Gilbert Stuart: Visual Arts\Artist\Painter Search this; Gilbert Stuart: Visual Arts\Artist\Portraitist Search this; Francis Hopkinson: Visual Arts\Artist Search this; Francis Hopkinson: Male Search this; Francis Hopkinson: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; Francis Hopkinson: Literature\Writer Search this; Francis Hopkinson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Nathanael Greene: Male Search this; Nathanael Greene: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Search this; Nathanael Greene: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General Search this; Nathanael Greene: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Iron Search this; Nathanael Greene: Congressional Gold Medal Search this; Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton: Female Search this; Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton: Society and Social Change\Philanthropist Search this; Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton: Society and Social Change\Administrator\Charity administrator\Charity founder\Orphanage founder Search this; John Jay: Male Search this; John Jay: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; John Jay: Literature\Writer Search this; John Jay: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; John Jay: Politics and Government\Governor\New York Search this; John Jay: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\US Supreme Court Justice\Chief Justice of US Search this; Thomas McKean: Male Search this; Thomas McKean: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; Thomas McKean: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Thomas McKean: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Thomas McKean: Politics and Government\Governor\Pennsylvania Search this; Thomas McKean: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Delaware Search this; Thomas McKean: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Pennsylvania Search this; Faith Trumbull Wadsworth: Female Search this; Alice De Lancey Izard: Female Search this; Charles Carroll: Male Search this; Charles Carroll: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Charles Carroll: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Charles Carroll: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad executive Search this; Charles Carroll: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Planter Search this; Charles Carroll: Politics and Government\State Senator\Maryland Search this; Charles Carroll: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maryland Search this; John Adams: Male Search this; John Adams: Literature\Writer Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\Diplomat Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\President of US Search this; John Adams: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Male Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Law and Crime\Judge Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Politics and Government\Governor\Connecticut Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Politics and Government\Legislator Search this; Jonathan Trumbull, Sr.: Law and Crime\Justice of the Peace Search this; Benjamin Rush: Male Search this; Benjamin Rush: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Benjamin Rush: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Benjamin Rush: Medicine and Health\Physician Search this; Benjamin Rush: Society and Social Change\Reformer Search this; Benjamin Rush: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College Search this; Benjamin Rush: Literature\Writer\Medical writer Search this; Benjamin Rush: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Humanitarian Search this; Martha Washington: Female Search this; Martha Washington: Politics and Government\First Lady\First Lady of US Search this; John Hancock: Male Search this; John Hancock: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman Search this; John Hancock: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; John Hancock: Politics and Government\Governor\Massachusetts Search this; John Hancock: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant Search this; Martha ("Patsy") Jefferson Randolph: Female Search this; Martha ("Patsy") Jefferson Randolph: Society and Social Change\Hostess Search this; Martha ("Patsy") Jefferson Randolph: Politics and Government\Daughter of US President Search this; Sally Foster Otis: Female Search this; Arthur Middleton: Male Search this; Arthur Middleton: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Arthur Middleton: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration Search this; Arthur Middleton: Military and Intelligence\Soldier\Revolutionary War Search this; Arthur Middleton: Politics and Government\US Congressman\South Carolina Search this; Arthur Middleton: Law and Crime\Justice of the Peace Search this; Arthur Middleton: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Planter Search this; Sarah Vanbrugh Livingston Jay: Female Search this; Cornelia Tappen Clinton: Female Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Male Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Politics and Government\Statesman Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Education and Scholarship\Founder\School Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Visual Arts\Founder\Art Museum Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York Search this; Robert R. Livingston: Politics and Government\Chancellor Search this; John Trumbull: Male Search this; John Trumbull: Visual Arts\Artist\Portraitist Search this; John Trumbull: Visual Arts\Artist\Painter\History painter Search this; Mary Carroll Caton: Female Search this; George Washington Parke Custis: Male Search this; George Washington Parke Custis: Literature\Writer\Playwright Search this; John Dickinson: Male Search this; John Dickinson: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; John Dickinson: Literature\Writer Search this; John Dickinson: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman Search this; John Dickinson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania Search this; John Dickinson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution Search this; John Dickinson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Delaware Search this; John Dickinson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Delaware Search this; Alexander Hamilton: Male Search this; Alexander Hamilton: Law and Crime\Lawyer Search this; 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Pamela Dwight Sedgwick: Female Search this; Catherine Luer: Female Search this; Mrs. Cutler: Female Search this; Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich: Female Search this; Harriet Chew Carroll: Female Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: Owner: Brooklyn Museum

Object number:: 39.536.1 Brooklyn

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

See more items in:: Catalog of American Portraits

Data Source:: Catalog of American Portraits

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4bdf775af-c0f1-4418-9b79-1266df00f765

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_39.536.1_Brooklyn

Fiesta de Toros en el Aire

Medium:: Print, Etching on Paper

Dimensions:: 2-D - In Frame (H x W x D): 48.6 x 34.6cm (19 1/8 x 13 5/8 in.)

Type:: ART-Prints, Original

Country of Origin:: Spain

Credit Line:: Donor: Mr. Thomas A. Knowles

Inventory Number:: A20000708000

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

See more items in:: National Air and Space Museum Collection

Data Source:: National Air and Space Museum

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9a51aecad-0584-41c1-8d14-80ee1d0a90ac

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nasm_A20000708000

No Image Available

Guide to photographic collections at the Smithsonian Institution / Diane Vogt O'Connor, [editor]

Author:: Smithsonian Institution Search this; Redding, Joan Search this; Vogt-O'Connor, Diane Search this

Subject:: Smithsonian Institution Photograph collections Search this; National Museum of American History (U.S.) Photograph collections Search this; National Museum of Natural History (U.S.) Photograph collections Search this; National Zoological Park (U.S.) Photograph collections Search this; Smithsonian Astropysical Observatory Photograph collections Search this; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Photograph collections Search this