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San Antonio -- Monte Vista Garden

Former owner:
White, R. L.  Search this
Bitter, John  Search this
Architect:
McDonald, Don B.  Search this
Lake/Flato (Firm)  Search this
Landscape architect:
Reed Hilderbrand Associates Inc.  Search this
Provenance:
Alamo Heights-Terrell Hills Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Monte Vista Garden (San Antonio, Texas)
United States of America -- Texas -- Bexar County -- San Antonio
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, site plans, flyer, and other information.
General:
Located on two plus acres in a historic district which is both on the local and the National Register of Historic Places in San Antonio, Texas, Monte Vista Garden is in many respects a tribute to the past.The genteel Southern character home, with its graceful garden design, is in the neighborhood in which the current owners spent their childhoods. It was renewed in 1999 to echo and highlight the region, culture and personal tastes that influence the site.Through the use of terracing, low stone retaining walls, and concentrations of trees and plants in rectilinear beds, the area was divided into five gracious and well-defined rectangular gardens.
The front garden greets people with a variety of naturally occurring oak, laurel and elm trees of native species scattered throughout the large rectangular front lawn that is screened from the street by a wall of local limestone. Beds of redbud, nandina and liriope have been planted near the front entrance while large Italian jardinieĢ€res planted with annuals stand on either side of the front door. On the home's east side is a screened veranda opening onto a long walkway bordered by groupings of plants massed together to create splashes of color and texture. A runnel that separates two of the gardens, begins at a gently splashing fountain at the back of the house then travels across Texas limestone the width of the garden to a rectangular pond. It expresses the precious, subtle qualities of water in the arid South Texas landscape and provides a welcome and peaceful respite from the sunny, hot climate. On the west side of the house loquat trees line the property and provide a shady intimate area containing a fountain constructed from an antique terracotta jar.
The long garden at the back of the house is a symmetrical grove of honey locusts as well as loquats and elephant ears. A limestone retaining wall creates a division between the gardens. An arbor has been constructed at the end of the Long garden providing a convenient place to park with a crushed Texas granite path leading to the house. A brick path leads from the Long garden to the pool garden completed in 2008. A bathhouse rehabilitated from an older limestone structure, greenhouse and working zone for garden prep and storage were added here along with a limestone-edged salt water swimming pool bordered by antique oil jars containing ferns, irises and agapanthus. Also added to the new pool garden was an adjacent terrace and rustic columned pergola.
The owners note that the garden is a work in progress and plan to further reduce turf in the future to support water conservation.
Persons associated with the garden include: R.L. White (former owner, 1916-1956), John Bitter (former owner, 1956-1999), Reed Hilderbrand Associates (landscape architects, 1999-present), Lake/Flato (main house renovation architect, 1999), Don B. McDonald (outbuildings renovation architect, 2000).
Related Materials:
Monte Vista Garden related holdings consist of 1 folder (15 35 mm. slides (photographs), 11 digital images)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Texas -- San Antonio  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File TX093
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Texas
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6a44ece42-2f5b-4e62-afc2-6635222f90c5
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref13516
Online Media:

Shaker Heights -- Marting Residence

Former owner:
Brooks, Wilbur  Search this
Brooks, Chester K. Mrs.  Search this
Hancock Mr. Mrs.  Search this
Fritsche, Paul, Mr.  Search this
Fritsche, Paul, Mrs.  Search this
Noall, Roger, Mr.  Search this
Noall, Roger, Mrs.  Search this
Landscape architect:
Bell, Margaret Eaglesfield  Search this
Elliott, Dorothy W.  Search this
Alexander & Strong  Search this
Landscape designer:
Apanius, Alexander  Search this
Gardener:
Simonelli, Joseph  Search this
Provenance:
Shaker Lakes Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Marting Residence (Shaker Heights, Ohio)
United States of America -- Ohio -- Cuyahoga County -- Shaker Heights
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes a worksheet and abbreviated garden plan.
General:
This .75-acre garden site was the Van Sweringen Land Company's lot #27 in the planned community of Shaker Heights, Ohio. Built for Mr. Wilbur Brooks in 1927, the house was designed by noted architect Monroe Copper (Dunn & Copper) and the original site plan was produced by Alexander & Strong, a well-known firm of landscape architects and town planners. The lily pool at the north end of the lot (large for Shaker Heights lots) was built in 1927. It holds approximately 2,750 gallons of water. Space was set aside on the eastern side of the property for flower borders, edged by hedges and divided by a walk. No plant material was specified on the blueprint. In 1937, Margaret Eaglesfield Bell produced a detailed blueprint for an evergreen, perennial and rose garden for the second owner, Mrs. Chester Brooks. Little is known about Bell, although she may have lived in Shaker Heights. Bell's blueprint replaced the original Alexander & Strong design. The spaces were divided into a series of three "rooms," separated by privet hedges, and bisected by a turf path set with stepping stones. The evergreen garden contained azalea, deutzia, and spring bulbs. The perennial bed combined such perennials as anemone, aquilegia, Arabis alpina, Dicentra spectabilis, eupatorium, lilies, iris, and peonies, among others. Several annuals such as ageratum and pansies were suggested as well. The color scheme was predominantly purple, pink and white. The formal rose garden contained hybrid teas bordered by teucrium, interplanted with spring bulbs. Each quadrant of the garden contained two Viburnum carlesi and a deutzia. In the center, a bird bath was underplanted with English ivy.
At the time the current owners purchased the house in 1988, the garden had undergone several decades of neglect. The perennial bed had been plowed under, and was adjacent to several large elms which shaded the area extensively. The rose garden shape remained, as did the ivy bed in the center. Only one rose bush remained. The evergreen garden was essentially a mix of ivy, pachysandra and myrtle. In the center of the yard, two large, dead elm trees predominated, and in their place the owner has created a large perennial bed with the help of gardener Joseph Simonelli. The predominant color scheme is once again purple, white and pink, with iris, peonies, lilies, chelone, roses, liatris, chrysanthemum, tradescantia, columbine, phlox, amsonia, Japanese anemone, Acanthus mollis, and Acanthus spinosus among others. The lily pond has been restored to working order, and a biofilter and pump have been installed. The hemlocks surrounding the pool cut down on the necessary light, so the lilies bloom only moderately well. Future plans include restoration of the rose garden, half of which is currently a garden where the owner's children grow vegetables and experiment. Throughout the property the owner is attempting to use the same kinds of flowers that were in the Bell design, even if they are not in the same location.
Persons associated with the garden include: Wilbur Brooks (former owner, 1928-ca. 1937); Mrs. Chester K. Brooks (former owner, ca. 1937-?); Mr. and Mrs. Hancock (former owners); Mr. and Mrs. Paul Fritsche (former owners); Mr. and Mrs. Roger Noall (former owners, before 1988); Alexander & Strong (landscape architects, 1927); Margaret Eaglesfield Bell (landscape architect, 1937); Dorothy W. Elliott (landscape designer, 1993); Alexander A. Apanius (landscape designer, 1995 to date); and Joseph Simonelli (gardener, 1988 to date).
Related Materials:
Marting Residence related holdings consist of 1 folder (7 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Ohio -- Shaker Heights  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File OH188
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Ohio
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb64e0603c3-5d34-4646-9a06-e63dc8f99d97
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref15559

Harrisville -- Blackwood

Provenance:
Carrie T. Watson Garden Club  Search this
Garden designer:
Kemenyffy, Susan Hale.  Search this
Consultant:
Kemenyffy, Susan Hale.  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Blackwood (Harrisville, Pennsylvania)
United States of America -- Pennsylvania -- Butler County -- Harrisville
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, and photocopies of articles.
General:
Blackwood is a forty-acre property that serves as a performance venue for a restored Art Deco theater pipe organ. The gardens were designed for strolling after the performances. The owners purchased part of their property, which borders mining areas, in 1970 and built a simple structure so they could obtain electricity. Other buildings were constructed and the nearby gardens in the 1970s and 1980s were planted with colorful annuals. Walkways were paved for easy access. Perennial garden beds were designed in the 1990s and planted first with more than seventy varieties of daylilies in raised beds with large rocks from the property anchoring the garden and interplanted with herbs, followed by plantings of sedum, hibiscus and hydrangeas to extend the season of blooms. Next to a swimming pool a 30-foot long pergola supports wisteria, beyond which there is a shade garden of ligularia, cimicifuga and ostrich ferns. A circular garden that is about sixty feet in diameter sits in a sunny meadow. That garden is divided into quadrants, each with distinct plantings of colorful spring bulbs and summer perennials. A spring house and pond are connected by an arced bridge to a fern garden with native and cultivated varieties, perennial geranium and snakeroot for color and nearby flowering shrubs that add fragrance. Beyond there is a woodland garden with oak, maple and wild cherry trees and naturalized Spanish bluebells.
Future plans include a meditation garden comprised of a 40-foot diameter labyrinth of stones with grass walkways that will be sited near the woodland garden. Another feature on the property is a 70-foot tall clock tower with an antique Seth Thomas clock.
Persons and groups associated with the garden include: Susan Kemenyffy (garden consultant and designer, 2000-2013).
Related Materials:
Blackwood related holdings consist of 1 folder (36 photographic prints; 15 digital images)
See others in:
Garden Club of American collection, ca. 1920- [ongoing].
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Pennsylvania -- Harrisville  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File PA714
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Pennsylvania
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb611d959df-e3a8-4693-a2f7-1ef8aa30a960
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref16473

Villanova -- Appleford/Parsons-Banks Arboretum

Former owner:
Moore, James  Search this
Krickbaum, Elizabeth  Search this
Pechin, Peter  Search this
Krickbaum, Philip  Search this
Phillips, Moro  Search this
Phillips, Frederick  Search this
Parsons, Annabel  Search this
Parsons, Lewis  Search this
Landscape architect:
Sears, Thomas Warren, 1880-1966  Search this
Architect:
Oakie, Richard Brognard  Search this
Creator:
Villanova Land Company  Search this
Provenance:
The Garden Workers  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Appleford/Parsons-Banks Arboretum (Villanova, Pennsylvania)
United States of America -- Pennsylvania -- Villanova
Scope and Contents:
The folders include a brief description of the garden, a plan that locates different garden features, a slide list, a brochure, and photocopies of images of the garden.
General:
"Appleford is an excellent example of early Pennsylvania farmhouse architecture situated on 22 beautifully landscaped acres in Villanova, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. During the late [1800s], the property was known as Prospect Hill but later became known as Appleford because of the then existing apple orchard. Today, the landscaping and first known gardens on the property consists of a boxwood maze, a walled boxwood garden, a rose garden and fountain, a walled flower garden, and an alleĢe of Cornus kousa trees. Scattered among ponds and streams can be found gorgeous copper beeches, rhododendrons, tropical hibiscus and lantana standards."
"Appleford was originally a land grant by William Penn in 1682 to James Moore and over the years it increased in size to seven hundred and twenty-three acres. In 1926, the house and twenty-two acres were purchased by Annabel and Lewis Parsons at which time the architect, Richardson Brognard Oakie, was engaged to restore the house which gave coherence to the existing structure without compromising its historic integrity. Oakie added the service wing behind the formal boxwood maze and modernized the house with heat and plumbing. He also connected to the main house the tannery, the oldest building on the property, which is now called the puppy house."
"Thomas Sears was hired to draw up landscape plans. At the time there was only a small pond and Sears is responsible for enlarging the pond and adding a pond, the waterfalls, garden and greenhouse. Surrounded by hedges the rose garden also contains a lily pond with a fetching fountain. A few steps up from the rose garden is the walled flower garden which has in it a handsome purple martin house. Steps lead up to the terrace by the house and another set of rounded steps at the opposite end of the garden lead down to a grassy walk near the stream. Looking to the future, a nature walk through the grounds is planned."
"In 1973, Appleford was left by Annabel Parsons' will to Lower Merion Township in trust for the citizens of Lower Merion. Today, the Township works with The Appleford Committee in maintaining the property where wedding receptions and parties are frequently held on weekends. The terrace is now completely tented for these events. The house is open to the public one or two days a year while the grounds are open daily for the Township residents to enjoy."
Persons and firms associated with the property include: James Moore (former owner, received a land grant from William Penn in 1682); Elizabeth and Philip Krickbaum (former owners, 1780); Peter Pechin (former owner, 1794); Moro Phillips (former owner, 1877); Frederick Phillips (former owner, 1893); Villanova Land Co. (former owner); Annabel and Lewis Parsons (former owners, 1926-1973); Thomas Sears (landscape architect, 1926); Richard Brognard Oakie (architect, 1926).
Related Materials:
Appleford/Parsons-Banks Arboretum related holdings consist of 2 folders (22 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Pennsylvania -- Villanova  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File PA046
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Pennsylvania
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6505682f5-7abc-4559-87af-4a363f17ba9c
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref16602

Millbrook -- Innisfree Garden

Former owner:
Beck, Walter, d. 1954  Search this
Beck, Marion, d. 1960  Search this
Landscape designer:
Beck, Walter, d. 1954  Search this
Landscape architect:
Collins, Lester, -1993  Search this
Foundation president:
Collins, Lester, -1993  Search this
Provenance:
Millbrook Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Innisfree Garden (Millbrook, N.Y.)
United States of America -- New York -- Dutchess County -- Millbrook
Scope and Contents:
The folders include worksheets, garden plans, correspondence, and photocopies of correspondence, articles, and brochures about the garden.
General:
Established in 1930, Innisfree was designed and built by Walter Beck, a scholar-teacher-artist who was influenced by ancient Chinese garden art. Innisfree explores a Chinese garden design concept called a "cup garden," which has origins in Chinese paintings dating back a thousand years. The cup garden draws attention to something rare or beautiful. This special object is segregated by establishing an enclosure around it so that it can be enjoyed without distraction. A cup garden may be an enframed meadow, a lotus pool, or a single rock covered with lichens and sedums. At Innisfree the visitor strolls from one three-dimensional picture to another. Streams, waterfalls, terraces, retaining walls, rocks, and plants are used not only to define areas, but also to establish tension or motion. Although the cup garden idea came from China, Innisfree is unequivocally an American garden. The lake is glacial, most of the plant material is native, and the rocks have come from the immediate forest.
Persons associated with the garden include: Walter and Marion Beck (former owners and landscape designer [Walter Beck] 1930-1960) and Lester Collins (landscape architect and president, Innisfree Foundation, 1960-1993).
Related Materials:
Innisfree Garden related holdings consist of 3 folders (81 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- New York -- Millbrook.  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File NY397
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New York
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6f15f610c-bebd-4f07-aacb-5d5f2ef370b1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref26866

Newport -- Indian Spring

Photographer:
Whitney, Kate Lucey (Kathryn Lucey)  Search this
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 1822-1903  Search this
Hunt, Richard Morris  Search this
Provenance:
Newport Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Digital images
Place:
United States of America -- Rhode Island -- New Port County -- Newport
Indian Spring (Newport, Rhode Island)
Scope and Contents:
39 digital images (2015, 2022-2023) and 1 file folder (digital).
General:
The rusticated native granite and brownstone house built in 1893 has been described as an organic extension of its natural situation, following the dictum of the property's landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to respect the genius of place. The house sits on a 30-foot-high cliff facing south toward the Atlantic Ocean. It was designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt in a late French gothic style, to emulate architect H.H. Richardson who died before working on this commission. Olmsted participated in determining the style and siting of the house then designed a landscape garden that the current owners are recreating on the eight and one-half acre property.

The house was restored by previous owners after 40 years of neglect, but the garden was overgrown with vines, nightshade, juniper and bittersweet with trees growing through roofs and turrets. After researching Olmsted's original planting list (eliminating plants now considered invasive) and visiting other Olmsted and Capability Brown landscapes the owners who bought the property in 2009 planted large trees and shrubs, restored walkways, and rescued pieris japonica and rhododendron from the original landscape. The owners installed a new gate and changed the driveway from asphalt to gravel with cobblestone edging. They have created a large garden bed and landscaped borders, choosing plants that either withstand salt spray and wind from the ocean or hotter summer microclimates from rock outcroppings. The full-size specimen trees required heavy machinery to plant in place.

The estate was named after a spring on the property, and possibly a legend involving the murder of an Indian maiden drowned in a well. An historic stone bollard alongside the driveway known as the babbling brook produces a tinkling sound when pebbles are dropped over it. Future gardens plans include more borders, decorative elements, and possibly an orchard if deer and rabbit predations can be controlled.

Persons associated with the garden's design: Frederick Law Olmsted, Landscape Architect (1890-1893); James Thompson, head gardener (1893-1922); Joseph Silveria, head gardener (1922-1951).
Related Materials:
Frederick Law Olmsted Historic Site, Brookline, Massachusetts.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Rhode Island -- Newport  Search this
Landscape gardens  Search this
Genre/Form:
Digital images
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File RI126
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Rhode Island
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb62814cb8c-6bb3-419d-9fe6-f0387c4e87d8
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref33366

Milton -- Manker Arboretum

Provenance:
Milton Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Manker Arboretum (Milton, Massachusetts)
United States of America -- Massachusetts -- Norfolk County -- Milton
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes a worksheet; site plan; interview with owners; copies of newspaper article and state historic inventory sheet; and plant lists.
General:
A husband and wife team created an arboretum and garden consisting of an exotic collection of 315 trees interspersed with 100 foot long rows of perennial flowers and shrubs. Priority traits for future tree acquisitions include weeping, twisted branching structure, golden leaf color, and leaf variegation. The owner carefully catalogs and documents all trees in the collection. The perennial plantings in rows provide texture and romance to the scientifically ordered tree collection. A sense of balance, proportion, texture and color are all based on design principals.
People and/or firm(s) associated with this property include: James Lee and Lawrence Man (architects, 1987).
Related Materials:
Manker Arboretum related holdings consist of 1 folder (12 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Massachusetts -- Milton  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File MA344
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Massachusetts
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb663878780-41bb-483e-a0e5-de4ef98f1304
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref17629

[George Griswold Frelinghuysen Arboretum]: prior to construction.

Photographer:
Spicer, Frederick  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Extent:
1 Slides (photographs) (col., 35mm)
Type:
Archival materials
Slides (photographs)
Place:
George Griswold Frelinghuysen Arboretum, (Morris Township, N.J.)
United States of America -- New Jersey -- Morris County -- Morris
Date:
1996 Jun. 15
General:
"Facing east from existing entry space toward existing lilac collection (on right) and future bus drop off area. Note the existing Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) at top center, which will be preserved."
Photograph taken June 15, 1996 prior to construction.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- New Jersey -- Morris Township  Search this
Roads  Search this
Walls, stone  Search this
Junipers  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, Item NJ121001
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New Jersey / NJ121: Morris -- George Griswold Frelinghuysen Arboretum
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb66dbabe14-8cd3-4df8-b91a-ef973eba844a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref20707

Atlanta -- Coker Garden

Former owner:
Rich, Clayton  Search this
Landscape architect:
Anderson, Richard  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Coker Garden (Atlanta, Georgia)
United States of America -- Georgia -- Atlanta
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes a worksheet.
General:
This one-acre garden in Atlanta contains original stacked stone walls and later (1984) additions of an arbor and naturalized pool. There are old trees, as well as many native shrubs and plants in both naturalized and more formal areas. The garden includes rare plants, perennials, old roses, herbs, and native wild flowers.
Persons associated with the property include: Clayton Rich (former owner, 1953-1971) and Richard Anderson (landscape architect, ca. 1980 to date).
Related Materials:
Coker Garden related holdings consist of 1 folder (7 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Georgia -- Atlanta  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File GA144
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Georgia
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6d3267ff9-a6dc-44cf-9b2f-eafdcfce396c
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref23115

Des Moines -- Janis and John Ruan III Garden at World Food Prize Hall of Laureates

Architect:
RGD Planning and Design  Search this
Landscape architect:
Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects  Search this
Provenance:
Des Moines Founders Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States of America -- Iowa -- Polk County -- Des Moines
Janis and John Ruan III Garden at The World Food Prize Hall of Laureates (Des Moines, Iowa)
Scope and Contents:
20 digital images (2014-2017), 7 prints (circa 2011) and 1 file folder.
General:
The Janis and John Ruan III Garden is a significant addition to downtown Des Moines' public green space, and features a grand central fountain plaza, a great lawn, and three private gardens. The two-acre garden designed by Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects is an integral part of the restoration of Des Moines, Iowa's century-old public library into a new home for the World Food Prize Foundation ā€“ Dr. Norman E. Borlaug Hall of Laureates. Dr. Borlaug (1914-2009) was an agronomist and humanitarian who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution. The formal garden functions as a ceremonial space for the World Food Prize Foundation, which bestows the foremost international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Entrance paths into the garden from the corners of the site along Second Street lead visitors past commissioned statues of Dr. Norman Borlaug and John Ruan (1914-2010), the founder and sponsor of the World Food Prize, and then to a 1100 square-foot, granite inlaid map of the world, which symbolically marks the gathering space located at the entrance to the hall of Laureates. Directly west of the map across the events lawn, a fountain acts as a visual focal point in the garden when viewed from the Hall's main entrance. Designed to appear mature from day one, a third of the trees specified by Hoerr Schaudt and planted by the contractor were 20 feet tall or more.
As the seasons progress, visitors will see an annual display of asters, mums, viola and alyssum in the fall. In the spring, flowering pear, Amelanchiers, hawthorns, lilacs, magnolias, crab apple trees and viburnum will complement a display of tulips, grape hyacinth and allium. In the summer, annuals and perennials will bloom alongside three varieties of hydrangeas and roses. Winter interest is carefully designed into the garden. Formally clipped boxwood and yew hedges will complement the structural qualities of deciduous trees placed in formal patterns throughout the site. All perennials and annuals in the garden were grown from seed at local production nurseries. Specimen trees and shrubs were identified, or 'tagged,' by Hoerr Schaudt at nurseries months in advance. There are 3200 perennials, 2000 shrubs, and 90 trees on the site, in addition to annual displays that will change with the seasons.
The garden surrounds a historic building that was designed by architects Frank A Gutterson and Oliver O. Smith. The design began in 1898 and the cornerstone of the building was laid in 1900 with completion of the property in 1903. The property was designed and constructed for the City of Des Moines Public Library. The original design was part of the "city beautiful" movement at the turn of the century. The Hall of Laureates project began October 18, 2001, when John Ruan III announced a sizable monetary gift by his father, John Ruan Sr. in order to start the renovation project and create a place for the World Food Prize Hall of Laureates. Throughout the next ten years, Ambassador Kenneth Quinn leading the World Food Prize Foundation, conducted a campaign raising additional funds for the project. The renovation conducted by World Food Prize was completed in October 2011 in time for the 25th anniversary of the World Food Prize. The architect of record was RGD planning and Design, and Gensler of Chicago. Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects designed the garden. Neumann Brothers served as the General Contractor of the renovation.
This space achieving LEED Platinum status was very important to the client. Contractors had to monitor construction removals and material installation to have proper documentation in order to receive the LEED credits. The landscape design was a critical component of meeting this goal, with water-efficient landscaping, sustainable storm water design, the use of regional materials, and proper construction waste management all contributing to successfully achieving LEED Platinum Certification.
Persons associated with the garden include: Frank A. Gutterson (Architect, 1898-1903); Oliver O. Smith (Architect, 1898-1903); City of Des Moines (owner, 1900-); Des Moines Public Library (lessee, 1903-2006 ); World Food Prize Hall of Laureates (Lessee, 2006- ); RGD Planning and Design (architect, 2006); Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects (landscape architects, 2006) John Collier (Artist); Chas Fagan (Artist); Delta Fountains (Fountains); Hermes Landscaping (Landscape Contractor).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Iowa -- Des Moines  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File IA028
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Iowa
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6c7484a93-9bab-4f17-a682-15299a3a3232
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref31680

Jaffrey -- Thoron Gardens at Harkness Farm

Provenance:
Garden Club of Dublin (New Hampshire)  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States of America -- New Hampshire -- Cheshire -- Jaffrey
Thoron Gardens at Harkness Farm (Jaffrey, New Hampshire)
Scope and Contents:
18 digital images (2018) and 1 file folder.
General:
Thoron Gardens were designed for approximately 12 acres including the house and antique barn on this 118-acre woodland property. The owner had studied English and Irish gardens; following a trip in 2006 to look at English winter gardens planting for seasonal interest became the defining concept of her garden designs. Her sixteen plus garden rooms include wide English style borders, curved French style flower beds and French blue painted furniture and structures, boxwood borders and hedges, consideration of height, color and texture in the choice of perennials, whimsy, and clear separation between garden rooms and woodlands. The drive garden is a perennial border with varieties chosen for bright colors, which are repeated in potted annuals in the entry court garden that is punctuated by a line of tall thuja. The old stagecoach road in front of the house has a low stone wall backed by the roadside garden with layers of trees, shrubs and perennials, featuring varieties of ligularia, a stand of rhododendron and a stone sculpture of a head planted with vines for hair. A kitchen and cutting garden on one side of the house contains herbs, a border of bright annuals and castor beans for height. A winter garden for seasonal interest has red twig dogwood and ornamental grasses.

The curved French-style beds are densely planted with lilies, Artemisia, aster, dahlias, ironweed, and ornamental grasses back by a border of shrubs to separate ornamental beds from woodlands. The formal boxwood garden is wrapped for winter protection. Nearby a formal rose garden is planted in boxwood parterres. A gazebo is sited next to the grove of river birches and a 20-foot-long protective fence planted with climbing roses. The vegetable and cutting garden has four planted quadrants with Swiss chard, artichokes, lettuces, cabbages and dahlias chosen for their colors and textures. Some vegetables are planted inside a blue screened structure that protects the plants from pests. On the other side of a stone wall there is another ornamental border called Clare's garden with colorful perennials and boxwood hedges. A nearby apple and pear orchard includes a few ancient trees. A barn built in 1733 is the focal point for a garden bed that exemplifies color, height and texture. Other garden rooms include one planted with thousands of daffodils for spring and sugar maples for fall color. A shaded hosta garden is a recent addition, and area around a beaver pond has been cleared for future planting.

Persons associated with the garden include: James Caldwell (former owner, 1760- ); James Harkness, Robert Harkness (former owners, c.1750- ,1780- ); S. B. Lawrence (former owner, 1850- ); Cummings French, Henry Cummings French (former owners, 1856- ); Russell Bunce Henchman, Russell Bunce Henchman, Jr. (former owners, 1890- ); Atilla (sic) Manzoni and family (former owners, 1931-1947); Mr. and Mrs. Frank Lindquist (former owners, 1947- ); Mr. and Mrs. Scott (former owners, 1980-1997).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- New Hampshire -- Jaffrey  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File NH118
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New Hampshire
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb68817e47b-cca6-4d49-9de8-9d249fb4d561
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref32881

Wilmington -- Rowland Garden

Garden designer:
Petrell, Wally  Search this
Architect:
DeArmond, Ashmead & Bickley  Search this
Provenance:
Garden Club of Wilmington  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Rowland Garden (Wilmington, Delaware)
United States of America -- Delaware -- New Castle County -- Wilmington
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, site plans, and additional information.
General:
Located adjacent to Olmsted-designed Rockford Park, this garden has been under development by its owners since 1973, although the house was built in 1900-1904. In the early 20th century formal gardens stretched toward the park and many magnificent tall trees remain, although some have been removed due to age and condition. In the 1950s a border of azaleas, rhododendron, mountain laurel, leucothoe, and dogwood, designed by the head gardener at Winterthur, was added against the fence opposite the formal terrace to the southeast of the house. During the 1970s, while clearing overgrown ivy and trees, the owners discovered a rock garden set against a granite retaining wall. Over the years they have sought to echo the original plantings as well as to add rare plants and natives suitable to the conditions of the soil and the various sites within the garden. Containers, troughs, and built-in brick terrace beds are used for a variety of plantings, from vegetables to summering house plants, while a unique propagating bed is filled with worm castings. No chemicals are used in the garden. Future plans include a formal garden, English Tudor in feel (as is the style of the house), with tall conifers at the corners and triangle-shaped parterres reflecting the shapes on the timbered house. The garden continues to be a source of intellectual stimulation, inspiration, delight, and good health.
Persons and firms associated with the garden include Wally Petrell (garden designer, 1950s) and DeArmond, Ashmead & Bickley (architects, 1900-1904).
Related Materials:
Rowland Garden related holdings consist of 1 folder (6 35 mm. slides (photographs))
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Delaware -- Wilmington  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File DE046
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Delaware
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb688d9b405-f718-4f53-8761-05c53f28677f
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref6092

Ogunquit -- Sea Meadows

Former owner:
Hayden, Lulu W.  Search this
Poole, Herbert  Search this
Poole, Todd  Search this
Landscape architect:
Todd, Frank  Search this
Mason:
Avery, Bill  Search this
Gardener:
Duncan, Frank  Search this
Gough, Philip  Search this
Architect:
Gosselin, Paul  Search this
Provenance:
Piscataqua Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Sea Meadows (Ogunquit, Maine)
United States of America -- Maine -- York -- Ogunquit
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, photocopies of additional information about the drainage system, and a photocopy of an article.
General:
Sea Meadows is a five acre property on the rock bound coast of southern Maine, with a Dutch Colonial influenced shingle style house built in 1992. When drawing up plans for the property the landscape architect Frank Todd had to consider the effect of such close exposure to the ocean, drainage dictated by the contours of the land that would need to be installed, and the owners' directive to have only curving lines in the gardens. Stone walls were built along the seafront to channel floodwaters. The swimming pool was placed in a sunken area behind the house with a sloping rock garden and dry stone walls providing further protection from ocean winds.
A long driveway encircles an ovoid lawn with three tall abstract stone sculptural columns then passes a colorful entrance garden. Opposite the house there is a shade garden. Borders planted with perennials and small shrubs curve around the sea facing sides of the house and connected garage/guest house then down to the rocky ledge shoreline. Wooded wetlands that are further inland feed into an extensive drainage system that directs excess underground and run-off waters towards a lily pond and stream that feeds into the ocean. Future plans include creating a nature walk and vernal pond in the undeveloped wetlands and woods.
Persons associated with the garden include Lulu W. Hayden (former owner, 1951-1984); Herbert and Todd Poole (former owners, 1984-1992); Frank Todd (landscape architect, 1991-1992); Bill Avery (masonry, 1990); Frank Duncan (gardener, 2014); Philip Gough (gardener, 2014); Paul Gosselin (architect, 1991).
Related Materials:
Sea Meadows related holdings consist of 1 folder (27 digital images)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Maine -- Ogunquit  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File ME189
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Maine
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb679f8f7a9-633a-44c4-a425-05306c140aab
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref8193

Madison -- Pappa's Patch

Architect:
Eley, Jim  Search this
Landscape architect:
Griffin, Rick  Search this
Landscape designer:
Cliett, Hugh  Search this
Provenance:
The Garden Club of Jackson  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Digital images
Place:
United States of America -- Mississippi -- Madison County -- Madison
Scope and Contents:
1 folder, 40 digital images and 4 photographic prints. The folder includes worksheets and photocopies of garden tour guides.
General:
In 2008, bare ground surrounded a newly built Tuscan style house and outbuildings on a half-acre lot was developed into six garden rooms with connecting crushed limestone and slate walkways. A walled courtyard and a gothic door set in a yew hedge, antique stone artifacts embedded in walls and some artificial aging of new cast stone features contribute to its Old World ambience. Tall Leyland and Italian cypress in the formal front garden, boxwood hedges and topiary balls and perennial rye grass emphasize the verticality of the house and introduce the predominantly green and white color scheme. White flowers and leaves used in different garden rooms include crepe myrtle, caladium, snowball viburnum, limelight hydrangea, Queen Anne's lace, Confederate jasmine, and white rain lilies that were passed down in the family. Purple flowers and leaves used as accents include pansies, petunias, vitex, wandering Jew, purple clematis, foxglove and iris, while contrasting yellow flowers include rudbeckia, black-eyed Susan and daffodils as well as the leaves of creeping Jenny and some evergreens.
Four raised beds originally for flowers now are planted year-round with summer vegetables and flowers alternating with greens and onions in winter. Three beehives provide gallons of honey; fruit grows on a banana tree and espaliered lemon and tangerine. Herbs are grown in a bed under the kitchen window, and a leaf cutting bed provides material for the owner's floral designs. Water features include a koi plant and a wall fountain. Future planting plans include replacing ground cover with Lenten roses and an annual flower garden, a new rose bed, and a grape arbor. Statuary includes a contemporary Madonna in the garden room entered through the gothic gate. The landscape fulfills the owners' desire for character, stillness, movement, nature and the Divine.
In 2008, the garden won the 'Best New Garden of the Year for the State of Mississippi.' The garden was documented as an example of a Zero Lot Line for senior citizens. THe garden was also featured on the 2010 Spring Home and Garden Tour organized by The Garden Club of Jackson.
Persons associated with the garden include: James H. Eley (architect, 2006-2008); Rick Griffin of Griffin and Egger (landscape architect, 2007-2008); Hugh Cliett (landscape and stonework installation, 2007-2010); Emmanuel Littleton (gardener, 2007-2017); Jesus Nelra (gardener, 2012-2017).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Mississippi -- Madison  Search this
Genre/Form:
Digital images
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File MS070
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Mississippi
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6c78ca6e5-3991-49ce-8154-d6381be3a721
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref9159

Eugene Irving Knez papers

Creator:
Knez, Eugene I. (Eugene Irving), 1916-2010  Search this
Names:
East China Seas Program  Search this
Korean National Museum of Anthropology  Search this
National Folk Museum of Korea  Search this
National Museum of Korea  Search this
Extent:
57.6 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Place:
Korea
Tibet
Bhutan
East Asia
Nepal
Date:
circa 1920ā€“2000, With Information Dating Back to 1481
Summary:
The Knez papers include material concerning many aspects of his career up to the time he retired from the Smithsonian. Of particular strength is the documentation of Asian exhibits, both temporary and permanent ones installed during his time at the Institution. There is also considerable material concerning specimens and collections acquired earlier. Material concerning Knez's work as a field researcher, bibliographer, and editor are also among the papers. After his retirement, Knez became involved in a study of Buddhism among the Tibetans living in India. Copies of film made for this study have been deposited in the Human Studies Film Archives. It should be noted that the papers represent only a portion of the Knez papers, for he has retained some of them.
Scope and Contents:
Knez was not a prolific writer. Though his research encompassed East and Southeast Asia, his field expeditions for collections and his charge to establish the first permanent Asian halls while at the Smithsonian limited his scientific writings to documentation required for Smithsonian exhibitions and his ongoing interest in the material culture of Sam Jong Dong and The Three Ministries, located in the Kimhae region of southeast Korea. To overcome Asian language barriers, Knez had to utilize informants, Korean scholars, and translators in order to carry out his research. The materials that he collected or were forwarded to him about Asia, however, represent an impressive body of information that researchers of Southeast Asia would want to review for general studies. Of special importance would be the information about culture around the South China Sea, and especially studies about Korean and Japanese ethnology and anthropology, the pre-colonial and colonial period, the period right after World War II, the Korean War, and changes in Korean agricultural farming life, from the early 1900s through the 1980s. A knowledge of Chinese calligraphy, Korean Hangul, and pre-World War Two Japanese (Taisho and Showa Periods) are required to understand the complete record documenting Korean history.

These papers contain detailed correspondence and memoranda, documenting Knez's professional life as a curator of anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution. Visual images, photographs, slides, videotapes, film, and sound recording as well as research information and correspondence provide a complete record of the exhibitions that Knez established at the Smithsonian. Correspondence, memoranda, and photographs provide a less complete picture of Knez's activities before his appointment as curator. There is a very strong and complete record of his activities while stationed in Korea after World War II and during the Korean War. This material includes correspondence, photographs and film footage. Knez also brought out of Korea photographs that were taken by the Japanese during the colonial period. There is also film footage taken around 1946 on Cheju Island. In addition, there are postcards and photo cards that contain a rich visual image of Korea dating back before the 1920s.

The largest series within these papers contains Knez's material culture research on Korea. This series includes field notes, interviews, transcriptions, correspondence, photographs, publications and translations about Korean history dating back to 1481, Japanese publications and translations regarding anthropomorphic and agricultural studies of Koreans and Korean agricultural life, and Knez's draft publications. There is a large series of photographs and slides documenting Asian art collections as well as Asian cultures. The Knez Papers also includes a phonograph record collection which is not dated and contains Korean and Japanese opera and folk songs. In addition, there is a collection of Confucius teachings, school books, and genealogy written in Chinese calligraphy and Hangul.

The arrangement of these papers and the file folders within the series are not always well ordered. Multiple accessions were transferred to the National Anthropological Archives. Where subject information was the same, folders were filed into existing series developed in the 1970s and 1980s. In similar fashion, individual items that were not within folders were interfiled in existing folders that contained the same information.

The research series (series six), which primarily documents Knez's research activities and information he received or collected on Korea has some provenance. The material was reboxed several times, but there remains segments of information that are completely related. At other times, there is no logical relationship between one group of files and the next. Most of the folders were never dated. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the different periods in Knez's life when he worked on his Korean studies, without going through the entire series. Photographs are not always dated. Only a very small number were used in Knez's 1997 publication (where they are dated), The Modernization of Three Korean villages, 1951-1981 (Smithsonian Institution Press).

Most of the series within these papers contain different aspects of Knez's interest in Asia, and in particular, his focus on Korea. For example, correspondence regarding Knez's activities during his stay in Korea after World War II and during the Korean War will be found in series two, Subject File; photographs documenting the same time period will be found in series six, Research Projects, and series thirteen, Biographical and Autobiographical Material. And, series ten, Motion Picture Film and Sound Recordings, contain visual images of Knez's activities in Korea during 1946, 1950-1951.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into fourteen (14) series:

SERIES 1.Accession Correspondence and Information and Examination and Reports of Collections, 1959-1977 and undated, with information dating back to 1893, boxes 1-4

SERIES 2.Subject File, 1937-1999 and undated, with information dating back to 1852, boxes 4-32

SERIES 3.Professional and Non-Professional Association Material, 1955-1980, with information dating back to 1896, boxes 33-36

SERIES 4.Exhibitions, 1960-1977 and undated, with information dating back to 1876, boxes 36-43

SERIES 5.Research Grants, 1963-1981 and undated, with information dating back to 1884, boxes 43-46

SERIES 6.Research Projects, 1909, 1929-2000 and undated, with information dating back to 1481, boxes 47-115

SERIES 7.Geographical and Publications Files, 1929-1977 and undated, boxes 116-139

SERIES 8.Korean and Chinese Writings, boxes 140-141

SERIES 9.Collection and Research Photographs, 1946-1977 and undated, boxes 142-161

SERIES 10.Motion Picture Film and Sound Recordings, 1946-1978 and undated, boxes 162-164

SERIES 11.Phonograph Recordings, 1959- and undated, with recordings possibly dating back to the 1940s, boxes 165-170

SERIES 12.Invitations and Greetings, box 171

SERIES 13.Biographical and Autobiographical Material, Family Photographs, and Notes, circa 1920s-1997 and undated, boxes 172-174

SERIES 14.Oversize, 1952-1971 and undated, box 175 and oversize map case drawers
Biographical / Historical:
Eugene I. Knez was born Eugene Irving Knezevich on May 12, 1916, in Clinton, Indiana, where he graduated from high school in 1935. His mother and father, Ida and Sam Knezevich, were divorced in 1932, and in 1936, his mother married Edward P. Pearson. The family moved to California where Knez enrolled in pre-medical studies at Los Angeles City College. Knez transferred to the University of New Mexico (UNM), but before completing his studies, returned to Indiana to be with his father, who was ill. There, Knez enrolled at Indiana University. Since Indiana University did not offer courses in anthropology, Knez took classes in sociology and psychology so that he could fulfill the requirements of UNM. Upon completion of his course work at Indiana University, UNM awarded Knez a B.A. in 1941.

While attending the University of New Mexico, Knez was primarily interested in the Native American Indian. During the summer of 1939 he was appointed Park Ranger-Historian in the National Park Service at Coolidge, Arizona. When he returned to Indiana to be with his father, Knez found a summer job as an assistant to a psychologist, who was testing inmates at the Indiana State Farm.

Knez was drafted as a private in the United States Army in 1941. He was promoted to sergeant in 1942 and during that same year was selected for Officer's Candidate School. Knez graduated OCS as a second lieutenant. Knez was trained and later moved into personnel classification and assignment sections in various divisions before and during World War II. In 1945, he was promoted to captain while in a combat support unit on Saipan.

At the end of the war Knez was assigned to Korea. This assignment began a pivotal sequence of events in his life. With his background in anthropology, Knez was placed in charge of the Army's Bureau of Culture, National Department of Education, United States Military Government in Korea headquartered in Seoul. His responsibilities included the restoration of cultural and religious activities, including museums. At the Bureau, Knez developed a sensitivity towards Korea and her people in the aftermath of Japanese colonialism. Knez undertook the restoration of Admiral Yi's large inscribed boulder and a Buddhist pagoda that had been partially dismantled by the Japanese. He established The National Museum of Anthropology (which became the National Folk Museum). In 1946 Knez sponsored an expedition to Cheju Island to collect ethnographic artifacts and record music for the Museum. During that year he also received permission to excavate two royal Silla Tombs at Kyonju with staff from the National Museum of Korea (NMK). This was the beginning of an endearing association with Korea and her people, which culminated in Knez receiving the award of The Order of Cultural Merit (gold medal) in 1995 from the Republic of Korea.

Knez was discharged from the United States Army in 1946. From 1947 to 1948, he attended Yale University as a research assistant in anthropology and worked at the Peabody Museum. He then joined the federal government and from 1949 to 1953 Knez served as a Cultural Affairs and Public Affairs officer at the American embassies in Korea and Japan. From 1949 to 1951, Knez was chief of Branch Operations, United States Information Agency, first headquartered in Seoul and then moving from Seoul to Pusan with the invasion by North Korea.

During his assignment in Korea, Knez undertook several major activities that had a profound effect on his life. With the approaching North Korean forces getting ready to invade Seoul for the second time, Kim, Chewon, director of the National Museum of Korea, approached Knez and made a personal request to help save the Museum's treasures. Though Knez was a war time member of the American Embassy he undertook the task without receiving official permission. He coordinated the movement of the Museum and Yi dynasty collections and some of the Museum staff by having them shipped by railroad boxcar from Seoul to Pusan.

During the fighting Knez began his ethnographic material culture research at Sam Jong Dong in the Kimhae region north of Pusan. When it appeared in 1951 that the United Nations was losing the war, Knez received permission to spend two months of his home leave to stay in Korea to continue his research. This study was to continue into the 1990s.

While in Pusan, Knez recommended that two dinners be held to help the morale of Korea's cultural leaders, those who were refugees from Seoul. One dinner was to be for the older generation and the second for younger Korean scholars and members of the cultural community. At the second dinner, Knez met his future bride, Choi, Jiae, a highly regarded Korean actress.

During 1951, Knez was transferred to Tokyo as Policy and Program officer for the United States Information Agency. In 1952 he was assigned as the USIA regional Public Affairs officer in Fukuoka.

In 1953, Knez left the USIA and joined the staff at Hunter College, located in the Bronx, New York, first as a lecturer and then as an instructor. While teaching at Hunter, Knez attended graduate school at Syracuse University. In 1959, he received a Doctor of Social Science Degree in anthropology from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. Knez's thesis was Sam Jong Dong: A South Korean Village. During the school year 1968-1969, the Maxwell School went from awarding the D.S.Sc. degree to the Ph.D. In 1970, Knez successfully petitioned the School to have his degree changed.

In 1959, Knez was appointed Associate Curator of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution. He was given the responsibility for Asian ethnology and was assigned the task of establishing the first permanent Asian exhibitions in two halls at the United States National Museum (later, the National Museum of Natural History). At the time, the Asian collections available for the halls were poor or non-existent. Knez began his first of several field expeditions to augment the Museum's artifact and cultural collections. Almost all of the Asian exhibitions that he planned had to have collections taken directly from the field.

The first permanent exhibition was opened in 1961 and contained information on the South Asian World in Miniature, India and Pakistan. During the year two more exhibitions were completed, documenting India, Pakistan, and Thailand. In 1962, Knez completed fifteen more exhibitions; he completed eight in 1963 and 1964; one in 1965; and one in 1967. The themes for the exhibitions included China, Japan, Iran, Korea, Tibet, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Pakistan, India, East Africa, North Africa and the Middle East, Islam, and Buddhism.

From 1963 through 1973, Knez put together additional temporary exhibitions, which included themes on Korea, China, India, Japan, Bhutan, and acquisitions of Hindu and Buddhist sculpture. In 1967, Knez provided the objects and created the documentation for the United States Department of State exhibition honoring the visit of the King and Queen of Thailand. Knez developed an exhibition about Korea, which went on display between 1977 and 1979 and was coordinated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service.

Knez retired from the Smithsonian in November 1978 and was appointed Anthropologist Emeritus in 1979. Knez moved to Hawaii and developed ties with the University of Hawaii as a visiting scholar at the Center for Korean Studies. Knez continued his research on the Kimhae region, and in 1993, published his revised, The Modernization of Three Korean Villages, 1951-81: an Illustrated study of a people and their material culture.

May 12, 1916 -- Born

1935 -- Graduated High School

1941 -- Drafted, Private, United States Army B.A., University of New Mexico

1942 -- Officer's Candidate School, 2nd Lieutenant, United States Army

1945 -- Promoted to Captain, United States Army

1945-1946 -- United States Army, In charge, Bureau of Culture, National Department of Education, Seoul, Korea

1946 -- Excavation, National Museum of Korea, Royal Silla Tomb, Kyongju Ethnographic and Geographic Survey, National Folk Museum of Anthropology, Korea, Cheju Island

August 1946 -- Honorable Discharge, United States Army

1947-1948 -- Yale University, Peabody Museum, Research Assistant in Anthropology

1947 -- Study of American Indian Shaker cult, Washington State Museum, Seattle

1949 -- Changed Name from Knezevich to Knez

1949-1951 -- Wartime Center Director, United States Information Service, Pusan, Korea

1951 -- Shipment of National Museum of Korea Collections and Staff from Seoul to Pusan

1951-1952 -- Ethnographic Study of Kimhae Area, Korea, towards a dissertation

1952-1976 -- United States Army Reserve (retired as Full Colonel)

1953-1959 -- Lecturer and Instructor, Hunter College, New York

1959 -- Fellow, American Anthropological Association D.S.S.C. (later, Ph.D.) Syracuse University Anthropologist, Smithsonian Institution

1961-1962 -- Overseas Collecting Trips to Asia

1961 -- First Asian Exhibition Installation

1962 -- Letter of Appreciation, Republic of Korea

1965 -- Smithsonian Special Act (Development of Asian Collections) Award

1966 -- Member of the United States Museums Advisory Delegation Planning Meeting for the Establishment of a Korean National Science Museum Center, Seoul

1970 -- Award, Korean Village Study, Smithsonian Institution, Secretary's Fund

1971 -- Exhibition, A Korean Village: Its Changing Culture, which was later adapted as a traveling exhibition in the United States and Canada

1974 -- Exhibition, Bhutan: The Land of Dragons

1975 -- Invited Participant, Pakistan-Sind Government International Seminar

1977 -- Exhibition, Arms and Armor of Japan

1978 -- Retired, Smithsonian Institution Fellow, The Explorers Club, New York

1979 -- Anthropologist Emeritus, Smithsonian Institution Award, Himalayan Project, Tibetan Buddhism and Its Role in Society and State, National Endowment for the Humanities, which led to a publication by Knez with Franz Michael

1981 -- Award, Fulbright Senior Scholar, Korea, Council for International Exchange of Scholars

1995 -- Presentation of The Order of Culture Merit (Gold Medal), Republic of Korea
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives holds Franz H. Michael and Eugene I. Knez photographs and sound recordings relating to Tibetan Buddhism in northeastern India (NAA.PhotoLot.80-13).
Separated Materials:
The motion picture film was transferred to the Human Studies Film Archives in 2002 (HSFA.2002.09).
Provenance:
Most of the papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Dr. Knez in 1978. There have been additional accretions since then.
Restrictions:
The Eugene Irving Knez papers are open for research.

Access to the Eugene Irving Knez papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Village life -- Korea  Search this
Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this
Citation:
Eugene Irving Knez papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.1980-22
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw35632d487-40c6-4e14-9b21-bab85debd8dd
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-1980-22

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