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59-397 American Suirly Building, New York

Collection Creator:
Missionary Catechists of Divine Providence.  Search this
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Civil Engineering Department  Search this
Underwood and Underwood  Search this
Container:
Box 5, Item 22
Type:
Archival materials
Negatives
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection open for research on site by appointment. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Division of Work and Industry Lantern Slide Collection, 1886-1931, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Division of Work and Industry Lantern Slide Collection
Division of Work and Industry Lantern Slide Collection / Series 1: Engineering / 1.1: Architecture and Structures / 1.1.13: Tall Steel Frame Buildings
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep80d43630e-918e-4559-9b3f-2574c15328d1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1013-ref970

15+15h and 45h 300th Anniversary of the birth of Skovoroda sheet of two stamps

Medium:
paper; ink; cardboard
Dimensions:
Height x Width (Stamps): 3 15/16 × 4 7/8 in. (10 × 12.38 cm)
Type:
Covers & Associated Letters
Place:
New York
UKRAINE (republic)
Date:
September 22, 2022
Topic:
International Stamps & Mail  Search this
Object number:
2023.2005.1.1-2
See more items in:
National Postal Museum Collection
Data Source:
National Postal Museum
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/hm882cf4400-fb48-4495-88bf-65d89a70b940
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npm_2023.2005.1.1-2

15+15h and 45h 300th anniversary of the birth of Gregory Skovoroda cover

Medium:
paper; ink; cardboard
Dimensions:
Height x Width: 6 5/16 × 9 in. (16.03 × 22.86 cm)
Type:
Covers & Associated Letters
Place:
New York
UKRAINE (republic)
Date:
September 22, 2022
Topic:
International Stamps & Mail  Search this
New Acquisitions  Search this
Object number:
2023.2005.2
See more items in:
National Postal Museum Collection
Data Source:
National Postal Museum
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/hm84ec67b6e-1ef7-4ec3-b940-24399574c088
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npm_2023.2005.2
Online Media:

15+15h and 45h 300th Anniversary of the birth of Skovoroda presentation box

Medium:
paper; ink; cardboard
Dimensions:
Height x Width x Depth: 7 9/16 × 10 7/16 × 1 5/16 in. (19.21 × 26.51 × 3.33 cm)
Type:
Covers & Associated Letters
Place:
New York
UKRAINE (republic)
Date:
September 22, 2022
Topic:
International Stamps & Mail  Search this
New Acquisitions  Search this
Object number:
2023.2005.3
See more items in:
National Postal Museum Collection
Data Source:
National Postal Museum
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/hm80fb4381c-5eea-4336-9c08-fcfe514cc6b2
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npm_2023.2005.3

Frame for Homer's Early Evening

Medium:
Gilded wood
Dimensions:
H x W x D: 116.6 x 132.7 x 11.8 cm (45 7/8 x 52 1/4 x 4 5/8 in)
Type:
Frame
Origin:
New York, United States
Date:
1907-1908
Topic:
gilding  Search this
flower  Search this
United States  Search this
American Art  Search this
Charles Lang Freer collection  Search this
Credit Line:
Gift of Charles Lang Freer
Accession Number:
F1908.14b
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye329b57803-51f6-441d-979f-42a58a62088f
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1908.14b

Craft and conceptual art

Curator:
Liberty, Megan N  Search this
Subject:
Center for Book Arts (New York, N.Y.)  Search this
San Francisco Center for the Book  Search this
Minnesota Center for Book Arts  Search this
Physical description:
117 pages illustrations (chiefly color) 31 cm
Type:
Exhibitions
Exhibition catalogs
History
Date:
2023
Topic:
Artists' books  Search this
Artists' books--History  Search this
Book design  Search this
Book designers  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1159288

Selection, 1914-1955

Author:
Zorach, William 1889-1966  Search this
Author:
Downtown Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this
Smithsonian Libraries Art and Artist Files Collection  Search this
Physical description:
1 folded sheet ([6] pages) 2 illustrations 22 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Artist files
Date:
1955
Call number:
AAF--Zorach, William
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_710865

New work by Win Knowlton

Artist:
Knowlton, Win 1953-  Search this
Writer of added commentary:
Gizzi, Michael  Search this
Host institution:
Paul Rodgers/9W (Gallery)  Search this
Author:
Smithsonian Libraries Art and Artist Files Collection  Search this
Physical description:
15 unnumbered pages illustrations 22 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Artist files
Date:
2002
Call number:
AAF--Knowlton, Win
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_712867

Casket

Physical Description:
wood (overall material)
tan (overall color)
Measurements:
average spatial: 44 cm x 91 cm x 56 cm; 17 5/16 in x 35 13/16 in x 22 1/16 in
Object Name:
Casket
Place made:
United States: Tennessee, Bristol
Date made:
1991
Subject:
Judaism  Search this
ID Number:
1991.0559.01
Catalog number:
1991.0559.01
Accession number:
1991.0559
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a9-8c8d-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1110417
Online Media:

Steel Strike

Maker:
Boyer, Louise MIller  Search this
Measurements:
overall: 22 cm x 15.3 cm; 8 11/16 in x 6 in
Object Name:
drawing
ID Number:
1984.0338.149
Accession number:
1984.0338
Catalog number:
1984.0338.149
See more items in:
Work and Industry: Graphic Arts
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ad-489b-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1391826

Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials

Donor:
Bethlehem Steel Corporation  Search this
Manufacturer:
Consolidation Coal Company  Search this
Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company  Search this
Extent:
23 Cubic feet (99 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographs
Photograph albums
Window displays
Date:
1885-1940s
Summary:
The collection documents the building, operation and daily life of coal mining communities in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Ohio between 1911 and 1946. The collection is a valuable for the study of mining technology and the social conditions of the time period and regions.
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists mostly of photographs depicting Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company mines and mining towns in Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Subjects include worker housing, schools for miners' children, gardens, churches, recreational facilities, health services, company stores, safety, mining machinery, construction of mines and related structures, and the interiors of mines.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into two series.

Series 1: Background Materials, 1904-1933

Series 2: Photographs, 1885-1940s

Subseries 2.1: Photograph Albums, 1885-1932

Subseries 2.2: West Virginia Division, 19091-1917

Subseries 2.3: Glass Plate and Film Negatives, 1911-1940s

Subseries 2.4: Numbered Photographs, 1911-1930

Subseries 2.5: Miscellaneous, 1913, 1916
Historical Note:
The Consolidation Coal Company was started in 1864 to mine bituminous coal deposits in Maryland's Cumberland region. it expanded by acquiring other mine companies as well as rail and other transportation companies. It went into receivership in 1932. The Pittsburgh Coal Company, founded in 1900, took over the firm in 1945 and formed the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company.

The Consolidation Coal Company (Maryland)

The Consolidation Coal Company was incorporated in Maryland on March 8, 1860, for the purpose of effecting a merger of a number of coal operators mining the Georges Creek basin in Allegany County, Maryland. Because of the Civil War, during which Confederate armies frequently blocked the region's only outlet to market, the company was not actually organized until April 19, 1864. Starting life as the dominant operator in this small but significant coal field, "Consol" rose to become the nation's top producer of bituminous coal.

The Georges Creek or Cumberland Coal Field, occupying part of the triangle of western Maryland, contained a high-quality, low-volatile bituminous steam coal which was also, thanks to the Potomac River, the coal of this type most accessible to Eastern markets. Coal had been mined in the region beginning in the 1700s, and the first coal company, the Maryland Mining Company, had been incorporated in 1828. However, large-scale development could not occur until the mid-1840s, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached Cumberland and provided reliable transportation. This also coincided with the development of ocean steam navigation and a rapid growth in the number of railroad locomotives and stationary steam engines. Cumberland coal was ideal for ship bunkering, and much of the output was shipped to New York Harbor. Naturally, New York capitalists and manufacturers played a leading role in developing the field. Lewis Howell's Maryland and New York Iron and Coal Company rolled the first solid U.S. railroad rail at its Mount Savage mill in 1844. The Consolidation Coal merger was put together by New Yorkers such as William H. Aspinwall, Erastus Corning, the Delanos and Roosevelts, and the Boston financier John Murray Forbes, who already had substantial investments in the region.

Upon its formation, the Consolidation Coal Company acquired the properties of the Ocean Steam Coal Company, the Frostburg Coal Company, and the Mount Savage Iron Company totaling about 11,000 acres. The last named company brought with it control of the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, which connected the mines to the Baltimore & Ohio and later the Pennsylvania and Western Maryland railroads. In 1870, Consol absorbed the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company of 1840, the next largest operator in the field, and gained an additional 7,000 acres. Further purchases from the Delano interests gave it over 80 percent of the entire Cumberland Field.

Soon after its hated rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, gained access to the Cumberland Coal Field, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began purchasing large blocks of Consolidation Coal stock to protect its traffic base in 1875, eventually gaining a 52 percent interest. A B&O slate of directors was elected in February 1877, with Charles F. Mayer of Baltimore as president, and the company offices were moved from New York to Baltimore.

Until the turn of the century, Consolidation Coal's mining operations were confined to the small soft coal region of western Maryland. The company purchased the 12,000 acre Millholland coal tract near Morgantown, W.Va. in 1902 and acquired controlling interests in the Fairmont Coal Company of West Virginia and the Somerset Coal Company of Pennsylvania the following year. These acquisitions boosted Consolidation's annual production more than six-fold in only three years. The company purchased the 25,000 acre Stony Creek tract in Somerset County, Pa., in 1904. The Fairmont Coal Company purchase included a joint interest in the North Western Fuel Company, which owned and operated docks and coal distribution facilities in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

In 1906, the Interstate Commerce Commission held a formal investigation of rail ownership of coal companies, which resulted in the passage of the Hepburn Act and its "Commodities Clause," which prohibited railroads from dealing in the commodities they hauled. In anticipation of the new regulations, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad sold its entire holdings of Consolidation stock to a Baltimore syndicate headed by Consol president Clarence W. Watson, J. H. Wheelwright and H. Crawford on April 26, 1906. At the time of the B&O's divestiture, the aggregate annual output of Consolidation's mines totaled more than 10 million tons and the company controlled more than 200,000 acres. The John D. Rockefeller interests began purchasing Consol securities in 1915, eventually securing a controlling interest. The company's offices were returned to New York City in May 1921.

After the B&O divestiture, Consol began expanding into the Southern Appalachian coal fields, which were just being opened by railroads on a large scale. The mines in this region yielded a low volatile coal that provided an ideal fuel source for stationary steam engines, ships, and locomotives. Of equal importance, operators in the remote mountains had been able to resist unionization and thus achieve lower operating costs, while all of Consol's previous holdings had been in the so-called "Central Competitive Field" to the north, which had been unionized in the 1890s. Consolidation Coal purchased 30,000 acres in the Millers Creek Field of Eastern Kentucky in 1909 and 100,000 acres in the Elkhorn Field the next year. In February 1922, Consol secured a long term lease and option on the Carter Coal Company, whose 37,000 acres straddled the borders of Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky. In 1925, Consol became the nation's largest producer of bituminous coal, excluding the captive mines of the steel companies.

During the Great Depression, Consolidation Coal experienced serious financial difficulties and was forced into receivership on June 2, 1932. The Rockefellers liquidated their holdings at a loss, and the Carter Coal Company was returned to the Carter heirs in 1933. Consol was reorganized and reincorporated in Delaware as the Consolidation Coal Company, Inc. on November 1, 1935, and was able to retain its position as one of the nation's top coal producers. Eventually, stock control passed into the hands of the M.A. Hanna Company group of Cleveland, dealers in coal and iron ore. Although production reached record levels during the Second World War, management feared a recurrence of the collapse that had followed World War I. It also faced the prospect of increased competition from oil and natural gas and the loss of traditional markets such as home heating and locomotive fuel. As a result Consol opened negotiations with another large producer, the Pittsburgh Coal Company, which was the dominant operator in the Pittsburgh District.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company

The Pittsburgh Coal Company was a product of the great industrial merger movement of the late 1890s. In 1899, two large mergers were effected in the Pittsburgh District.

The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on October 1, 1899 to merge the properties of over 90 small firms operating mines along the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh. Some of these operations dated to the early 1800s, and all of them shipped coal down the Ohio-Mississippi River system by barge from close to the mine mouth, or later by the railroads built along the river banks. The combination controlled 40,000 acres of coal land, 100 steam towboats, 4,000 barges, and facilities for handling coal at Cincinnati, Louisville, Vicksburg, Memphis, Baton Rouge and New Orleans.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company was incorporated in New Jersey as a holding company on September 1, 1899 and acquired the properties of over 80 operators located in the areas back from the river on both sides of the Monongahela south of Pittsburgh. The combination was engineered by some of the most prominent Pittsburgh industrialists, including Andrew W. Mellon, Henry W. Oliver, and Henry Clay Frick. It controlled over 80,000 acres and six collector railroads, the longest of which was the Montour Railroad. Most of its output was shipped by rail, with a large share being transferred to ships on the Great Lakes for distribution throughout the industrial Midwest. The company owned coal docks and yards at Chicago, Cleveland, Duluth, West Superior, Sault Ste. Marie, Ashtabula, Fairport and Thornburg. Subsequently, the company expanded in southwestern Pennsylvania and the Hocking Valley of Ohio through the lease of the Shaw Coal Company in 1901 and the purchase of the Midland Coal Company in 1903. Most of the properties were vested in a separate Pittsburgh Coal Company, an operating company incorporated in Pennsylvania.

Unlike the Consolidation Coal Company, which had grown by gradual accretion, the Pittsburgh Coal Company had been created in a single stroke. As with many mergers of the period, its capitalization probably contained a high percentage of "water" in anticipation of profits from future growth. Unfortunately, the years after the merger saw explosive growth in the coal fields of Southern Appalachia instead. Although farther from major consuming centers, they enjoyed several advantages. The coal itself was superior, low-volatile with higher BTU content and altogether cleaner than the high-volatile coals of Ohio and the Pittsburgh District. As already noted, the southern mines were also non-union. With the inroads of Southern Appalachian coal, the Pittsburgh Coal Company continuously lost ground in the crucial Lake and western markets from 1900 to 1915. The company's capitalization proved unwieldy in the unsettled economic conditions following the Panic of 1907. A reorganization plan was devised under which a new Pittsburgh Coal Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on January 12, 1916 by merging the old Pittsburgh Coal Company of Pennsylvania and the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company. The old holding company was then liquidated and the stock of the new operating company distributed to its stockholders. Dissension between the common and preferred stockholders delayed consummation of the plan until July 16, 1917.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company, which had all its operations in the Central Competitive Field, had a much more difficult time than Consolidation in breaking the 1923 Jacksonville Agreement with the United Mine Workers in 1925-1927 and reverting to non-union status. The three-year struggle ended the company's ability to pay dividends. Pittsburgh Coal survived the Depression without receivership but with ever-increasing arrearages on its preferred stock. By the end of World War II, its managers were just as eager as those at Consol to attempt greater economies through merger. The Pittsburgh Coal Company and the Consolidation Coal Company merged on November 23, 1945, with exchange ratios of 65 to 35 percent. Pittsburgh Coal Company, the surviving partner, changed its name to the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company.

The Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

After the merger, the M.A. Hanna Company interests of Cleveland became the dominant factor in Pitt-Consol's affairs. Hanna had transferred its pre-merger Consol stock to its subsidiary Bessemer Coal & Coke Corporation in 1943. This led to a restructuring whereby Pitt-Consol acquired Hanna's share of the North Western-Hanna Fuel Company in April 1946 and the Hanna coal properties in eastern Ohio on June 16, 1946 These included large reserves of strippable coal that accounted for about 20 percent of the state's production. Pitt-Consol later acquired Hanna's holdings of coal land in Harrison, Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, on December 30, 1949. It purchased the New York Central Railroad's 51 percent interest in the Jefferson Coal Company, giving it full control, in 1952 and merged it into the Hanna Coal Company Division.

Pitt-Consol sold its last major railroads, the Montour Railroad and the Youngstown & Southern Railway to the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad on December 31, 1946. The Northwestern Coal Railway had been sold to the Great Northern system, and the Cumberland & Pennsylvania Railroad had been sold to the Western Maryland Railway in May 1944.

In addition, a new Research and Development Division was created to fund projects aimed at developing more efficient production methods, new outlets for coal consumption, coal-based synthetic fuels and chemical byproducts. A new coal gasification plant opened at Library, Pa., in November 1948, and the company began the manufacture of a smokeless fuel briquette under the trademark "Disco" at Imperial, Pa., in 1949. An experimental coal slurry pipeline was built in Ohio in 1952.

During the 1950s and early 1960s, Pitt-Consol made many changes in its coal holdings, selling high-cost or less desirable properties, diversifying its reserves across many different coal fields, rationalizing property lines to permit large mechanized underground or strip mines and forming joint ventures with steel companies to secure guaranteed customers. Pitt-Consol acquired the Jamison Coal and Coke Company in 1954 and the Pocahontas Fuel Company, Incorporated, a large producer of low-volatile Southern Appalachian coal, in 1956. In the latter year, it sold its Elkhorn Field properties to the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. As Pittsburgh District operations became less central, the corporate name was changed back to Consolidation Coal Company in April 1958.

The Consolidation Coal Company, CONOCO and CONSOL Energy, Inc.:

Consol continued to expand into the early 1960s. On April 30, 1962, it absorbed the Truax-Traer Coal Company of Illinois. Truax-Traer also mined lignite in North Dakota, a low-grade but low-sulfur coal that was taking a greater share of the power generation market as environmental laws placed greater restrictions on high-sulfur coal from the Central Competitive Field. The following year Consol acquired the Crozer Coal and Land Company and the Page Coal and Coke Company, owners of additional reserves of low-volatile, low-sulfur steam coal in southern West Virginia.

In 1966, just two years after the company marked its centennial, Consolidation Coal was acquired by the Continental Oil Company (Conoco). This was part of a general trend whereby U.S. oil companies extended their reach by acquiring coal reserves and large coal producers. In turn, Conoco was acquired by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company in 1981. This purchase was motivated by DuPont's desire to obtain better control of chemical feedstocks in an era of high oil prices. Consolidation Coal was not a major factor in the Conoco acquisition and did not really fit into DuPont's strategy, especially after coal and oil prices declined. As a result, it was quickly sold off when DuPont was restructured a decade later. In 1991, a new holding company CONSOL Engery, Inc. was incorporated as a joint venture of DuPont Energy Company and the German energy conglomerate Rheinisch-Westfalisches Elektrizitatswerk A.G., through its wholly owned subsidiaries Rheinbraun A.G. and Rheinbraun U.S.A. GmbH. Consolidation Coal Company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CONSOL Energy, Inc. DuPont eventually sold most of its half interest, so that by 1998, Rheinbraun affiliates owned 94% of CONSOL Energy stock, while DuPont Energy retained only 6%. CONSOL Energy purchased the entire stock of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company on September 22, 1998. CONSOL Energy stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CNX" in 1999, with an initial public offering of more than 20 million shares.

CONSOL Energy produced more than 74 million tons of coal in 1999, accounting for approximately 7% of domestic production. The company currently operates 22 mining complexes, primarily east of the Mississippi River.

Source

Historical note from the Consolidation Coal Company Records, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center

The Archives Center holds a number of collections that document coal.

Coal and Gas Trust Investigation Collection (NMAH.AC.1049)

Hammond Coal Company Records (NMAH.AC.1003)

Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company Records (NMAH.AC.0071)

Lehigh Valley Coal Company Records (NMAH.AC.1106)

Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company Records (NMAH.AC.0282)

Materials in Other Organizations

Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh

CONSOL Energy, Inc. Mine Maps and Records Collection, 1857-2002

AIS.1991.16

The CONSOL Energy Inc. collection contains coal mine maps, related documents and topographical information, as well as surface maps and detailed information on mine accidents. Additionally, there are technical drawings, outside notes on multiple mines, traverse and survey books, information on companies and railroads with which CONSOL conducted business, and a variety of non-print materials including photographs, negatives and aperture cards. Digital reproductions of selected material are available online.

CONSOL Energy Inc. West Virginia and Eastern Ohio Mine Maps and Records Collection, 1880-1994

AIS.2004.22

The CONSOL Energy Inc. West Virginia and Eastern Ohio Mine Maps and Records Collection contains coal mine maps as well as surface maps and detailed information on mine accidents in West Virginia and Eastern Ohio. Additionally, there are technical drawings, related documents, traverse and survey books, publications and photographs.

Consolidation Coal Company Records, 1854-1971, bulk 1864-1964

AIS.2011.03

The Consolidation Coal Company (Consol) was created by the merger of several small operators mining the Georges Creek coal basin in Allegany County, Maryland. The company expanded rapidly in the early twentieth century through the purchase of substantial tracts in the coal fields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky as well as docks and distribution facilities in the Great Lakes region. By 1927, Consol was the nation's largest producer of bituminous coal. Following a merger with the Pittsburgh Coal Company in 1945, the company pursued a policy of acquiring companies which afforded opportunities for greater diversification while selling off unprofitable lines. In addition, a new research and development division was created to fund projects aimed at developing more efficient production methods and new outlets for coal consumption. The records of the Consolidation Coal Company and its affiliated companies are arranged in seven series. Minute books and contract files provide the most comprehensive documentation in this collection.
Provenance:
Donated to the National Museum of American History in 1987 by Bethlehem Steel Corporation.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Accidents  Search this
Children -- 20th century  Search this
Coal miners  Search this
Company towns  Search this
Churches  Search this
Coal mines and mining -- Safety measures  Search this
Construction  Search this
Dams  Search this
Gardens  Search this
General stores  Search this
Hospitals  Search this
Housing  Search this
Kindergarten  Search this
May Day  Search this
Mine safety  Search this
Mines -- Kentucky  Search this
Mines -- Maryland  Search this
Mines -- Pennsylvania  Search this
Mines -- West Virginia  Search this
Mining corporations  Search this
Mining equipment  Search this
Mining -- Kentucky  Search this
Mining -- Maryland  Search this
Mining and minerals industry  Search this
Mining -- Pennsylvania  Search this
Mining -- West Virginia  Search this
Railroads -- 20th century -- United States  Search this
Schools -- school houses -- Classrooms  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- 20th century
Photographs -- 20th century
Photograph albums -- 20th century
Window displays
Citation:
Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1007
See more items in:
Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86027ae9f-9a84-4277-adcf-d0b5e919ac6a
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1007
Online Media:

Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project Interviews

Creator:
Collins, Martin  Search this
Names:
Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project for Research in Space History  Search this
Project Apollo (U.S.)  Search this
Atwood, John Leland, 1904-1999  Search this
Bradshaw, Delmer  Search this
Burnett, James  Search this
Demitriades, Paul  Search this
Doll, Edward  Search this
Downey, Peter  Search this
Duff, Brian.  Search this
Elms, James C., 1916-  Search this
Fletcher, James  Search this
Gilruth, Robert  Search this
Glennan, Thomas Keith, 1905-1995  Search this
Jacobs, Donald  Search this
Mettler, Ruben F., 1924-  Search this
Miller, Mark  Search this
Mueller, G. E. (George Edwin), 1918-  Search this
Phillips, Samuel  Search this
Ramo, Simon  Search this
Seamans, Robert C.  Search this
Shapley, Willis  Search this
Silverstein, Abe  Search this
Soergel, David  Search this
Storms, Harrison A., Jr., 1915-1992  Search this
Webb, James E. (James Edwin), 1906-1992  Search this
Wilson, Thorton  Search this
York, Herbert F. (Herbert Frank)  Search this
Extent:
3.01 Cubic feet (16 boxes )
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Transcripts
Date:
1985-1990
Summary:
This collection consists of the transcripts for the Glennen-Webb-Seamans Project (GWS), which examines various aspects of NASA management practices during the Apollo program. This project constitutes one of several oral history projects conducted within the Department of Space History, NASM. The principal investigator for the GWS was Martin Collins and the interview set contains 193 hours of interviews with 22 individuals. The central thread of this collection was the problem of configuring new political relations among the space sciences and sponsors. The following individuals were interviewed: J. Leland Atwood; Delmer Bradshaw; James Burnett; Paul Demitriades; Edward Doll; Peter Downey; Brian Duff; James Elms; James Fletcher; Robert Gilruth; T. Keith Glennan; Donald Jacobs; Ruben Mettler; Mark Miller; George Mueller; Samuel Phillips; Simon Ramo; Robert Seamans; Willis Shapley; Abe Silverstein; David Soergel; Harrison Storms; James Webb; Thorton Wilson; and Herbert York.
Scope and Contents:
The Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project Interviews consist of 193 hours of interviews with 26 individuals. The audio cassette tapes of these interviews have yet to be remastered and, due to their fragility, are unavailable to researchers. Transcripts are available to researchers, though there are restrictions placed on a number of them. A NASM staff member will advise the patron which transcripts are available for copying or viewing and how to order copies of transcripts and/or CDs.
Arrangement:
The Glennan-Webb-Seamans (GWS) Project Interviews are arranged alphabetically by interviewee. Boxes 1-11 (Series 1) contain the interviews on audio cassette tapes. These tapes have yet to be remastered and, due to their fragility, are not available to researchers.

Boxes 12-16 (Series 2) contain the transcripts for these cassette tapes. Most of these transcripts are available to researchers, though restrictions are placed on a small number of them. Transcripts with user restrictions are highlighted in bold type.
Biographical / Historical:
This collection contains the interviews of the Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project (GWS). These interviews analyze a variety of facets revolving around NASA management and its handling of contractors during the Apollo program. The individuals listed as part of this collection's name refer to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) first two administrators and the agency's deputy administrator during much of the 1960s. The principal (though, by no means the only) interviewer for this project was Martin Collins and the interview set consists of 193 hours of interviews with 26 individuals. These interview subjects represent some of the most influential decision-makers at NASA, the aerospace industry and academia. The following were interviewed for this project: J. Leland Atwood; Delmer Bradshaw; James Burnett; Paul Demitriades; Edward Doll; Peter Downey; Brian Duff; James Elms; James Fletcher; Robert Gilruth; T. Keith Glennan; Donald Jacobs; Ruben Mettler; Mark Miller; John Moore; George Mueller; Samuel Phillips; Simon Ramo; Robert Seamans; Willis Shapley; Abe Silverstein; David Soergel; Harrison Storms; James Webb; Thornton Wilson and Herbert York. Among the myriad of topics discussed in these interviews is the Apollo 1 [204] fire that killed astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee on January 27, 1967, during a test at the launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The GWS Project constitutes one of a number of oral history efforts endeavors conducted by the National Air and Space Museum's (NASM) Department of Space History.
General note:
This collection consists of the interview transcripts, not the tapes.
Provenance:
Department of Space History, Transfer, 1999, 1999-0036, Varies
Restrictions:
Various restrictions apply.
Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, Please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Topic:
Astronautics  Search this
Genre/Form:
Transcripts
Citation:
Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project Interviews, Acc. 1999-0036, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
NASM.1999.0036
See more items in:
Glennan-Webb-Seamans Project Interviews
Archival Repository:
National Air and Space Museum Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2b7e41532-4a23-4378-911d-9b486fd8d79f
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nasm-1999-0036
Online Media:

Infant's first visit to a Shinto shrine

Artist:
Nishikawa Sukenobu 西川祐信 (1671-1751)  Search this
Medium:
Full color on paper
Dimensions:
H x W (image): 59.5 × 95.2 cm (23 7/16 × 37 1/2 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
late 17th-early 18th century
Period:
Edo period
Topic:
worship  Search this
Edo period (1615 - 1868)  Search this
child  Search this
Shinto  Search this
shrine  Search this
Japan  Search this
kakemono  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Charles Lang Freer collection  Search this
Credit Line:
Gift of Charles Lang Freer
Accession Number:
F1902.229
Restrictions & Rights:
CC0
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye330c7f707-bbd1-4242-97e3-415a6caeb2c8
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1902.229

Album: Miscellaneous Sketches

Artist:
Utagawa Hiroshige 歌川広重 (1797-1858)  Search this
Medium:
Ink and color on paper
Dimensions:
H x W x D (overall, album closed): 27.8 x 16.8 x 3.8 cm (10 15/16 x 6 5/8 x 1 1/2 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
Mid-eighteenth century
Period:
Edo period
Topic:
Edo period (1615 - 1868)  Search this
Japan  Search this
wave  Search this
gafu  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Charles Lang Freer collection  Search this
Credit Line:
Gift of Charles Lang Freer
Accession Number:
F1904.357
Restrictions & Rights:
CC0
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3c7294c26-b9df-4b6b-9858-85768be68005
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1904.357

A Spring Gathering 《春行訪友圖》

Artist:
Shen Zhou 沈周 (1427-1509)  Search this
Calligrapher:
Attached calligraphy by Shen Zhou 沈周 (1427-1509)  Search this
Frontispiece by Hongli, the Qianlong emperor 乾隆帝 (1711-1799)  Search this
Colophon:
Colophon by Wen Zhengming 文徵明 (1470-1559)  Search this
Inscription:
Inscription on front mounting by Hongli, the Qianlong emperor 乾隆帝 (1711-1799)  Search this
Three inscriptions on painting by Hongli, the Qianlong emperor 乾隆帝 (1711-1799)  Search this
Medium:
Ink and color on paper
Dimensions:
H x W (image): 26.5 x 131.1 cm (10 7/16 x 51 5/8 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
China
Date:
ca. 1480?
Period:
Ming dynasty
Topic:
landscape  Search this
pine tree  Search this
spring  Search this
Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644)  Search this
boat  Search this
bridge  Search this
scholar  Search this
China  Search this
Chinese Art  Search this
hill  Search this
Credit Line:
Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
Accession Number:
F1934.1
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye31183745a-a58a-4b52-b22e-465fdc75e744
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1934.1
Online Media:

Landscapes, flowers, and trees of the four seasons

Artist:
Kano Motonobu (1476-1559)  Search this
Medium:
Ink, color, and gold on paper
Dimensions:
H x W: 175.2 x 375.8 cm (69 x 147 15/16 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
early 16th century
Period:
Muromachi period
Topic:
landscape  Search this
flower  Search this
seasons  Search this
Muromachi period (1333 - 1573)  Search this
cloud  Search this
Japan  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Credit Line:
Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
Accession Number:
F1955.25
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3865a08df-df43-464c-b421-c1627bc0c68c
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1955.25

Landscapes, flowers, and trees of the four seasons

Artist:
Kano Motonobu (1476-1559)  Search this
Medium:
Ink, color, and gold on paper
Dimensions:
H x W: 175.2 x 375.8 cm (69 x 147 15/16 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
early 16th century
Period:
Muromachi period
Topic:
landscape  Search this
flower  Search this
seasons  Search this
Muromachi period (1333 - 1573)  Search this
Japan  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Credit Line:
Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
Accession Number:
F1955.26
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3f109d4ab-61e1-49e7-b2d3-cc828b1ba478
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1955.26

Autumn Grass

Artist:
Suzuki Kiitsu 鈴木其一 (1796-1858)  Search this
Medium:
Ink and silver on paper
Dimensions:
H x W: 152 x 167.6 cm (59 13/16 x 66 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
19th century
Period:
Edo period
Topic:
autumn  Search this
Edo period (1615 - 1868)  Search this
grass  Search this
Japan  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Credit Line:
Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
Accession Number:
F1974.35
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye39ad126f2-58f2-4e1b-97ce-4b7031e35d3d
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1974.35

Camellias (one of a pair with F1974.35)

Artist:
Suzuki Kiitsu 鈴木其一 (1796-1858)  Search this
Medium:
Ink, color, and gold on paper
Dimensions:
H x W: 152 x 167.6 cm (59 13/16 x 66 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
Japan
Date:
19th century
Period:
Edo period
Topic:
Edo period (1615 - 1868)  Search this
camellia  Search this
Japan  Search this
Japanese Art  Search this
Credit Line:
Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment
Accession Number:
F1974.36
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye38b91f62c-d8c6-4440-8f41-3ffc1fe4367d
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1974.36

Landscape

Artist:
Dai Benxiao (1621-1693)  Search this
Colophons by Weng Tonghe (1830-1904)  Search this
Medium:
Album of ten leaves; ink on paper
Dimensions:
H x W (paintings, a-j): 21.7 x 20.1 cm (8 9/16 x 7 15/16 in)
Type:
Painting
Origin:
China
Date:
1688-89
Period:
Qing dynasty
Topic:
landscape  Search this
crane  Search this
buffalo  Search this
water buffalo  Search this
water  Search this
Qing dynasty (1644 - 1911)  Search this
mountain  Search this
waterfall  Search this
river  Search this
man  Search this
boat  Search this
China  Search this
Chinese Art  Search this
Credit Line:
Transfer from the United States Customs Service, Department of the Treasury
Accession Number:
F1980.131a-l
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Related Online Resources:
Google Cultural Institute
See more items in:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3542b4274-a13b-4900-9164-673927f20d9e
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:fsg_F1980.131a-l

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