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1. John Kress - Perspectives on Limits to Growth: Challenges to Building a Sustainable Planet

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Symposia
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William R. Hutton Papers

Creator:
Hutton, William R., 1826-1901  Search this
Extent:
30 Cubic feet (33 boxes, 21 oversize folders)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographs
Letterpress copybooks
Blueprints
Diaries
Drawings
Cashbooks
Business records
Business letters
Notebooks
Topographic maps
Tax records
Technical drawings
Stock certificates
Technical literature
Photoengravings
Notes
Maps
Microfilms
Linen tracings
Letter books
Letters
Land titles
Legal documents
Sketches
Salted paper prints
Reports
Receipts
Plans (drawings)
Photostats
Photographic prints
Architectural drawings
Administrative records
Albumen prints
Albums
Annual reports
Booklets
Account books
Books
Family papers
Financial records
Cyanotypes
Correspondence
Deeds
Printed material
Contracts
Photograph albums
Specifications
Christmas cards
Menus
Place:
France
Maryland
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Panama Canal (Panama)
New Jersey
New York (N.Y.)
Hudson River
Baltimore (Md.)
Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
New York
Washington Bridge
New Croton Aqueduct
Kanawha River Canal
Washington Aqueduct
Potomac River -- 19th century
Washington Memorial Bridge
Hudson River Tunnel
Date:
1830-1965
Summary:
The papers document the life and work of William R. Hutton, a civil engineer during the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Materials include diaries, notebooks, correspondence, letterpress copy book, printed materials, publications, specifications, photographs, drawings, and maps that document the construction of several architectural and engineering projects during this period. Most notable are the records containing information related to the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Hudson River Tunnel, the Washington Aqueduct, the Kanawha River Canal, and the Washington/Harlem River Bridge. There are also several records about railroads in the state of Maryland, the District of Columbia and elsewhere, including the Western Maryland Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Colorado Midlands Railway, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, the Northern Adirondack Railroad, and the Pittsfield and Williamstown Railroad. The records can be used to track the progression of these projects, and engineering innovation during the late 1800s to the early 1900s.
Scope and Contents:
These papers document William R. Hutton's professional career as a civil engineer and his personal affairs. Although the personal materials in the collection provide insight into a man and a family that have been largely forgotten by biographers, it is the professional materials that are perhaps the most interesting to researchers. They provide a compelling narrative of the push to the West that occurred in 19th century America and the internal improvements movement typified by the American System plan proposed by Henry Clay. Perhaps best remembered for the high tariffs that accompanied it, the American System plan was also concerned with the advancement of internal improvements, such as canals, that would unite the East and West in communication, travel, and trade. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal can be seen as one of the products of this movement (1) and was in fact initially heralded as the first great work of national improvement (2).

The papers in this collection that are related to the construction and maintenance of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal are an invaluable documentation of efforts during this turbulent time to unite the eastern and western United States. They provide details of the canal from its initial construction to its decline with the incline at Georgetown project. The canal also serves as an example, or perhaps a warning against, federal involvement in state improvement efforts as it was the first project to be directly funded and staffed by the federal government (3). The groundbreaking ceremony was attended by then President John Quincy Adams whose toast, "to the canal: perseverance," (4) became an ironic omen, as construction of the canal took over twenty-two years to be completed. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal materials can be used as a case study for the problems encountered during canal building (5). These problems are best typified in the collection by the papers relating to the Georgetown incline. This project was headed by Hutton and was plagued with construction problems, boating accidents, and obsolescence from the moment of its completion. Despite these issues, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal remains a structure of historical significance in America. As the third and last effort to construct an all-water route to the West (6), the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is an important artifact of 19th century attitudes and efforts towards commerce, trade, travel, and communication between the eastern and western United States. Other significant canals and water structures represented in the collection are the Kanawha Canal, the Washington Aqueduct, and a large collection of materials relating to the Kingston Water Supply (New York).

One of the most significant internal improvements made during this time was the railroad. The legal conflicts that arose between the canal companies and railroads is also represented in the materials relating to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. These materials specifically deal with the legal conflict's between the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The development and construction of the railroads is also represented in the materials documenting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, the Northern Adirondack Railroad, the Western Maryland Railroad, the Mexican National Railroad, the Colorado Midlands Railroad, and the Columbia Railroad.

The collection also demonstrates the spirit of innovation and invention that was prevalent in the engineering field in the nineteenth century. Joseph Gies writes, "...one of the distinctive characteristics of the great nineteenth century engineering adventurers was their readiness to gamble on the translation of theory into practice" (7). In this quote, he is speaking of the civil engineer Dewitt Clinton Haskins and a project that truly encapsulates engineering invention in the nineteenth century, the Hudson River Tunnel. Responding to the increase in the population of the City of New York in the late nineteenth century from sixty thousand to three and a half million, the Hudson River Tunnel was originally devised as a way to alleviate traffic and to transport train passengers directly across the Hudson River (8). Beginning with records dating from 1881 to 1901, the Hutton papers can be used to document not only the advances in engineering during this time but also the costs of progress. Haskins' initial efforts to build the tunnel using submerged air pressurized caissons were marked by failure and in some cases fatalities. Workers on the tunnel often suffered from what came to be known as "caisson disease" or "the bends," caused by the immense forces of compression and decompression experienced while working in the tunnels (9). This problem was so prevalent that as construction progressed the rate of worker deaths caused by "the bends" rose to twenty-five percent (10). Materials in the collection document worker complaints and deaths resulting from this disease as well as providing a technical record of the construction of the tunnel. The highlight of the materials relating to the Hudson River Tunnel is an album that contains photographs of workers in the tunnel and a detailed daily report of the construction progress on the tunnel that was maintained by Hutton's assistant, Walton Aims. The first hand account in these reports provides insight not only into the construction of the tunnel, but also the problems encountered.

Another project featured in the Hutton collection that was devised in response to the population explosion in the City of New York in the nineteenth century is the Harlem River Bridge, or as it is now known, the Washington Bridge. Known as one of the longest steel arch bridges of its time, the Harlem River Bridge also represents that spirit of invention and innovation that was prevalent in the civil engineering field during the nineteenth century. The collection provides an invaluable resource for those wishing to track the construction of the bridge from early concept drawings and proposals to finalized plans. Also present are photographs of the construction and workers. Societal response to the bridge in the form of newspaper and magazine clippings help to create the narrative of the Washington Bridge, and these are supplemented by correspondence from the builders, suppliers, and planners.

This collection also includes diaries, 1866-1901; letterpress copybooks, 1858-1901; correspondence on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Hudson River Tunnel, Washington Bridge over the Harlem River, and Maryland and Colorado railroads, 1861-1901, and on Hutton's financial and real estate affairs, 1835-1921; construction photographs of the Harlem River, Cairo, Poughkeepsie, Niagara bridges and the Hudson River Tunnel, Washington Aqueduct, and Capitol Dome (in the form of albumen, cyanotype, salted paper print); data and drawings; rolled land profile drawings; canal notes, 1828-1892; Hudson River Tunnel construction reports, 1889-1891; publications, drawings, and maps of railroad routes; pamphlets and reprints on hydraulic works and water supply; road, railway, bridge, and hydraulic construction specifications, 1870-1900; drawings (linen, oil cloth, and heavy drawing paper), and blueprints; account books, 1891-1899; and plans, drawings, field notebooks, and publications on American and European construction projects, especially in Maryland, New York, and France; personal correspondence detailing his role as executor for the estates of Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Annie Theller, and the Countess H. De Moltke-Hvitfeldt and his relationships with his children, siblings, cousins, and colleagues, 1850-1942.

Materials are handwritten, typed, and printed.

Special note should be made that any materials dated after the year 1901 were added to the collection by another creator who is unidentified. It can be speculated that professional materials added after this date were contributed by his brother and colleague Nathanial Hutton or his son Frank Hutton. Personal materials contributed after this date may have been added by his wife, daughters, or other members of his extended family.

Series 1, Letterpress Copybooks, 1858-1901, consists of twenty seven letterpress copybooks containing correspondence between Hutton and other engineers, architects, and building suppliers. The letterpress copybooks in this series have been arranged chronologically. The books involve a process by which ink is transferred through direct contact with the original using moisture and pressure in a copy press. The majority of the correspondence is business- related. Some letterpress copybooks are devoted to specific projects such as the Washington/Harlem River Bridge, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The letterpress copybooks provide a record of correspondence written by Hutton, which makes it distinctive from the other correspondence in the collection. Most of the other correspondence has Hutton as recipient.

The letterpress copybooks also document Hutton's various residences throughout his life and provide a glimpse into the civil engineering profession at the time by demonstrating how engineers shared ideas and comments about projects. This can be supplemented with the printed materials in the collection as many of the authors also appear in the correspondence. Other topics covered in the letterpress copybooks include business reports (specifically the report of the president and directors of the Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad), records of people and companies involved in projects, pasted in engineering sketches, engineering specifications and notes, travel expenses and estimates, construction histories and progress, legal issues with family estates, tax information, Colorado Railroad, payment certificate schedules, St. Paul Railroad, personal correspondence, title guarantees, Hudson River Tunnel, financial matters, real estate matters, insurance information, sketches and drawings, supply lists, cost estimates, the Memorial Bridge, Coffin Valve Company, engineering expenses, engineering calculations, payroll notes for Kingston Water Supply, proposals, account information, Hutton Park, reservoirs, contract drafts, French Society of Civil Engineers, inspection results (specifically Piedmont Bridge), land descriptions, damage reports, Morse Bridge, Illinois Central Railroad, North Sea Canal, moveable dams, iron works, site histories, Potomac Lock and Dock Company, Kanawha River canal (lock quantities, specifications, payroll information), Pennsylvania Canal, and bills for services.

Series 2, Professional Correspondence, 1861-1901, consists of correspondence that relates to Hutton's architectural and engineering projects. This series is further subdivided into two subseries: Project Correspondence and General Correspondence. Subseries 1, Project Correspondence, 1876-1899, correspondence is divided by project and arranged alphabetically. Subseries 2, General Correspondence, 1861-1901, is arranged chronologically. Both series contain handwritten and typed letters. Some letters are on letterpress copybook pages and are most likely copies. Some materials are in French and Spanish. Special note should be made that this series does not contain all of the professional correspondence in the collection. Some correspondence has been separated according to project and placed in Series 8, Professional Projects, 1830-1965, in order to make it easier for researchers to access materials related to those subjects.

Subseries 1, professional correspondence topics include comparisons between construction projects (specifically comparisons of the Kanawha River Canal to other canals), supply lists, location recommendations, sketches, construction plans and modifications, bills for supplies and works, leaks in the gates, cost estimates, Brooklyn Water Supply, use of lake storage (Ramapo Water Supply), water supply to states and counties, damages to water supply pipes, estimates of water quantities, responses to construction reports, legal issues related to projects, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and payment for services.

Subseries 2, general correspondence topics include employment opportunities, committee meetings and elections, land surveys, sketches, engineering plans and ideas, work on projects, dismissal from projects, notes on supplies, Washington Aqueduct, construction progress, land purchases, Civil War, Jones Falls, cost of water pumps, steam drills, lots divisions and prices, repairs, report of the engineering bureau, tidewater connection at Annapolis, bridge construction, construction costs, statement of vessels that entered and cleared Baltimore, technical questions from colleagues, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, supply costs, letters of introduction, requests for reference, changes to plans and designs, survey reports, St. Andrew's lot, Canal Coal Company, publication process, American Society of Civil Engineers and its members, responses to project inquiries, Graving Dock gross revenue, job offers, specifications, trade figures, contracts, water levels, appointment dates and times, moveable dams, proposals for membership, salaries, Piedmont Coal Lands, maps, land profiles, Washington Bridge, board payments, Nicaragua Canal, Grant Coal Company, statistics, engineering notes, Hartford Bridge, water pressures, coal deposits, Colorado Coal, pipe lines, reservoirs, boat costs for canals, floods, bridges, letters of resignation, engines, Ruxton Viaduct, Colorado and Midland Railroad, Morse Bridge, share values, railroad locations, membership invitations, call for submissions, structural tests, record of accounts for room and board, appointments, water rights (Putnam County), publications, blueprints, visitation programs, cotton compresses, street trenches, pressures in dams, level tests, Portland Transportation bureau, trade information, concrete steel, Chicago drainage canal, ship canals, Augusta Cotton and Compress Company, Sooysmith case, Consolidated Gas Company, masonry, book binding, Columbia Railway Company, jetties, land grades, Chesapeake and Delaware canal, water wheels, pneumatic lock, tunnel arches, rifton power, Hutton's health, elevators, Brooklyn Bridge Terminals, girder weights, legal issues and their results, rating table for the Potomac, land profiles, transmission lines, transformers, water turbines, and water power on the Potomac River.

Correspondents for this series include the following: Captain Montgomery C. Meigs, Captain T.W. Symons, William Bryan, Ernest Flagg, John Hurd, Jake Wolfe, J.C. Saunders, J.H. Dolph, Charles J. Allen, G.H. Mendell, Virgil S. Bogue, B.A. Mounnerlyn, Edward Burr, H.G. Prout, R. William, H. Dodge, C.R. Suter, M. Mink, W.R. King, John Lyons, Alex Brown and Sons, John G. Butler, D. Condon, Bernard Carter, R.P. McCormick, D.R. Magruder, Andrew Banks, Isaac Solomon, C.J. Mayer, C.W. Kern, John Herring, James S. Mackie, D.R. Magunde, D. Rittaguide, R.S. Stevens, J.L. Raudolph (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad), J.M. Lane, W.D. Stuart, W.G.P. Palmer (Committee Church of the Ascension), C. Crozet, General W. Hughes, V.R. Maus, J.M. Hood (Western Maryland Railroad Company), Ernest Pontzen, M. Haus, William F. Craighill, Harry Hutton, John W. Pearce, Reverend James A. Harrald, William Watson, A.L. Rives, Thomas Monro, A.F. Croswan (Commander United States Navy), H.R. Garden, William McAlpine, James Forrest, Wm. Bloomsfield, Daniel Ammen, Linel Wells, A. and Otto Sibeth, Alfred Noble, Clemens Hershel, Sidney Warner, E.H. de Rheville, Theodore Cooper, William Findlay Shunk, Lewis S. Wolfe, Rufus Mead, Theodore F. Taylor, John Bogart, J. Whaler, B. Williamson, Colonel F.V. Greene, Robert H. Sayre (Lehigh Valley Railroad Company), Charles W. Pussey, Louis Q. Rissel, V.C. Bogue, H.C. Eckenberger, Melville E.G. Leston, Edwin Parson, Rudolph Hering, R.S. Hale, F.M. Turner, Thosl Martindale, Justus C. Strawbridge, William M. Ayresm, R.L. Austin, A.M. Miller, P. Livingston Dunn, T.J. Cleaver, C.S. Dutton, H.A. Carson, William Bainbridge Jaudon, H.A. Presset, Thomas H. McCann, Russel Sturgis, H.G. Prout, Alexis H. French, John K. Cowen, F.W. Williams, J. Waldorf, B.H. Byrant, B.H. Jones, M.H. Rogers, J.W. Ogden, General W. Cashing, William Longhudge, A.J. Cameron, T.L. Patterson, J.J. Hagerman, H. Wigglesworth, Charles B. Rowland, E. Bantz, W.G. Lathrop, Clarence King, George Rowland, George A. Tibbals (Continental Iron Works), George N. Vanderbilt, Eugene C. Lewis, F.P. Burt, Colonel John C. Clarke, Lieutenant Thomas Turtle, W.S.M. Scott, E. Bates Dorsey, Bernard Carter, George M. Shriver (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad), Russel Sturgis, Macmillan Publishing, James Abernethy, B. Baker, J.G.W. Fynje, A. Mallet, Jean Hersuy, L.F. Vernon Horcourt, Robert Lilley, A.J. Johnson, F.M. Colby, Henry D. Loney, A.S. Cameron, James A. Harrald, William Watson, John B. Lervis, A.L. Rives, Edwin F. Bidell, Frank H. Stockett, E. McMahon, C.F. Elgin, Enrique Budge, G. Clayton Gardiner, Dwight Porter, William A. Chapman, T.E. Sickels, Theodore Cooper, C.J. Warner, Institution of Civil Engineers, Robert Gordon, United States Coast of Geodetic Survey Office, C.P. Pattun, J.N. Putnam, Sidney B. Warner, H.D. Fisher, Union Pacific Railway Company, Lewis S. Wolle, George E. Waring Junior, The American Exhibition, G.F. Swain, American Society of Civil Engineers, N.H. Whitten, U.S. Engineer Office, Government Works Committee, J.J. Hagerman, D. Jackson, Sterling Iron and Railway Company, E.P. Alexander, E. Williamson, Central Railway Company of New Jersey, William A. Underwood, F. Collingwood, James Dun (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company), Henry F. Kilburn, Louis A. Bissell, Virgil G. Boque, H.C. Eckenberger, Melville Egleston, Charles Parson, George Swain, Continental Iron Works, Rudolph Hering, J.B. Gordon, Mayor's Office (Baltimore), Harry Robinson, Pennsylvania Railway Company, W.H. Gahagan, L. Luiggi, B.H. Bryant, T.J. Cleaver (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company), H.A. Carson, H.A. Presset (Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey), John K. Cowen, Vernon H. Brown, J. Waldorf, B.H. Bryant, L.F. Root, P.W. White, Metropolitan Railroad Company, Charles F. Mayer (Consolidated Coal Company, Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad Company), J.M. Lane (Western Maryland Railroad), Dr. R.S. Stewart (Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad), Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad (John Lyons, John G. Butler, D. Candon, R.P. McCormick, Andrew Banks), Thomas F. Rowland, J.A. Bensel, Walton Aims, S.D. Coykendall, H.C. Rogers, John F. Ward, T.B. Jewell, H.A. Pressey, C.S. Armstrong, J. Nennett, V.G. Bague.

Series 3, Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942, contains correspondence with immediate and extended family, specifically the heirs to the Benjamin H. Hutton and Joseph Hutton estates and Adele Gorman. Correspondence is primarily arranged chronologically, but some files have been divided based on subject or author (the Deer Park and Adele Gorman files), or by form (the Telegrams, and Cablegrams file). Special note is made of the posthumous correspondence file, which includes correspondence both relating to Hutton's death and correspondence that was written by family members after the years of his death. The series contains both hand written and typed letters. Some correspondence is in French. The correspondence demonstrates his relationship with his children specifically Elizabeth (Bessie) Hutton, and illuminates his role in his family. This series also provides details about nineteenth century upper class society and activities. Special note should be made that this folder does not contain all of the personal correspondence contained in the collection. Some correspondence has been separated according to recipient, or subject in order to make researching these recipients or subjects easier.

Series 3 correspondence topics include: estate payments, distribution of assets, funds transfers, estate lines, conflicts with tenants, sketches, lot maintenance, real estate sales, deeds, real estate sales negotiations, congratulations wishes on new babies, family illnesses, family affairs and travels, traveling directions, personal investments, invitations for social occasions, family debts, professional interests, professional and personal appointments, family issues, requests for money, sketches, advice to children (specifically Frank Hutton), life insurance, books, letters of introduction, legal issues, funeral expenses, charity donations, advertisements, minutes from professional organizations, army enlistment, deaths of friends and family, recipes, estimates of personal expenses, renovations, stock certificates (Great Northern Railway Company, New York), food, social activities, the weather, marriages, real estate and construction plans, and loan agreements.

Correspondents include the following: Frank Hutton, Thomas B. Brookes, J.L. Marcauley, C.M. Matthews, Edward J. Hancy, John M. Wilson, H.A. Carson, William H. Wiley (of John Wiley and Sons Scientific Publishers, New York), Georgina Hutton, Pierre and Jane Casson, George McNaughlin, Henrietta Hutton, Aaron Pennington Whitehead, J.B. Wheeler, B. Williamson, Robert De Forest, Elizabeth (Bessie) Hutton, Grace Beukard, J.C. Saunders, Mary Hutton, William J. Pennington, C.S. Hurd, Henry C. Cooper, Henry J. Segers, S.F. Miller, Annie Theller, Alfred Noble, Maria Burton, Joseph Hobson, E. Lennon, F. Hulberg, Charles Gordon Hutton, Edward C. Ebert, A. William Lewin, E.R. Dunn, William P. Craighill, Theodore Cooper, P.I. Chapelle, Anita McAlpine, Clarence King, Victoria Raymond, and Adele Gorman.

Series 4, Personal Materials, 1835-1946, contains documentation about Hutton's personal finances, role as executor of the Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Annie Theller, and Countess H. De Moltke-Hvitfeldt estates, Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary Hutton (daughter), Frank Hutton, John Caulfield (son-in-law), and B.F. and C.H. Hutton. The series has been divided into four subseries: Financial Records, 1876-1901, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, Other Huttons, 1876-1936, and Personal Material, 1878-1946. Subseries 2, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, contains correspondence relating to specific family estates and family members. This correspondence was separated from Series 3, Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942, to make it easier for researchers to access all records relating to the family estates. This series includes hand written, typed, and printed materials. Some materials are in French. All material dated after 1901 has been added to the collection by other creators such as Hutton's wife and children.

Subseries 1, Financial Records, 1876-1901, includes account books, account records, correspondence related to bank accounts, bank statements, financial notes, bills and proofs of payment, rent receipts, tax bills (New York, Flatbush, Montgomery County), checks, money exchanges, receipts for tax payments, real estate receipts, stock and bond certificates, loan agreements, executor accounts, rebate calculation sheet, and tax and insurance payments.

Subseries 2, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, includes property maps and information (rent, mortgage costs, deeds), correspondence, notes on estate distribution, estate assets, value of estate and estate payments, account records, loan agreements, receipts, proof of payments, checks, financial records, legal documents, insurance documents, tax bills, auction receipts, and wills relating to the estates of Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Countess H. de Moltke-Hivtfeldt, Annie Theller, and William R. Hutton. Also included are correspondence, property maps and information, and deeds and mortgages on Hutton properties.

Subseries 2, the estate and real estate records correspondence topics include: Virginia state building codes, construction costs, construction notices, purchasing offers for property, real estate prices, receipts of payments, property lines, real estate purchases and sales, real estate sales negotiations, deeds insurance estimates and costs, loan costs, property estimates, renovation costs, mortgages, property damages and repairs, property tax payments, insurance rates and payments, rent payments, telephone installation, building permits, rental agreements, reports on property condition, contracts of sale, conflicts with tenants, changes of address, deeds, distribution of estate monies, details about the Countess' illness, estate arrangements, changes of address, problems arising out of estate distribution, payment of debts, will details, selling of mortgage shares, accounts, estate settlement, money cables and transfers, dealings with lawyers, rent on Hutton Park property, legal and accounting fees, power of attorney transfer, investments, property security, land appraisals, lists of assets, legacy taxes, mortgages transfers, property management, Flatbush property, property rent and values, and physicians bills.

Correspondents include the following: A.C. Weeks, Walter I. Green, John D. Probsh, A.G. Darwin, Thomas H. McCann, Allan Farguhar, Thomas Dawson, Potter and Crandall Real Estate and Insurance Brokers, George C. Tilyou, H.D. Olephant, F. Winston, Richard E. Calbraith, Frank P. Martin, Henry DeForest, Henry C. Cooper, Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, John Ecker, C.K. Avevill, Georgina Hutton, Edward J. Hancy, Robert Graham, W.M. Bennett, Willis E. Merriman, Nathan L. Miller, Harry Hutton, Marquise de Portes (Adele Gorman), Annie Theller, Samuel L. Theller, Mrs. R. Locke, Frank Z. Adams, John Palmer (Secretary of State, New York), J.T. Cammeyer, Frank P. Martin, Florence Theller, Francis H. Seger, Henry C. Cooper, D.W.G. Cammeyer, Campbell W. Adams, Jane Casson, Elizabeth Hutton, Rene de Portes, H.G. Atkins, Grace Beukard, Aaron Pennington Muikhead, J.E. Delapalme, T.H. Powers, Egerton L. Winthrop Junior, George B. Glover, William Jay and Robert W. Candler, B. Williamson, J.E. Knaff, Cornelius C. Vermeule, S.V. Hayden, Charles G. Landon[?], H.A. Hurlbert, F.A. Black, John L. Calwalder, the Health Department of New York, A.G. Darwin, William Laue, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Charles S. Brown, Henrietta Hutton, Edward Gelon.

Subseries 3, Other Huttons, 1874-1936, includes professional drawings and proposals, checks, insurance information, correspondence, tax information, medical information, tax bills, relating to Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary Hutton (daughter), Henry and Harry Hutton, Frank Hutton (son), John Caulfield (son-in-law), B.F. Hutton, and C.H. Hutton.

Subseries 4, Personal Materials, 1878-1946, contains handwritten property notes, school notes, sermons, travel documents, menus, Christmas cards, jewelry box, postal guide, typed religious materials and flyers.

Series 5, Diaries, 1866-1901, contains twenty nine diary books that document both Hutton's personal and professional life. These diaries provide not only a record of Hutton's life, but were also used by Hutton himself as a reference tool. When working on projects he would refer to notes and observations he made in his diary (as evidenced by notes made in his diaries). The first pages of the diaries often list his height, weight and clothing sizes as they varied from year to year. A researcher could probably use the cashbooks (see Series 7) and the diaries in conjunction as both detail the purchases made by Hutton. Many of the diaries also include a short record of accounts in the back. The diaries are arranged chronologically.

Topics found in the diaries include short form accounts of daily activities and appointments, records of the weather, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, construction progress on projects, steam pumps, sketches and calculations, extension of Washington railroads, cost of food, work supplies, travel costs, costs of goods and food, work deadlines, home renovations, visits to family, cash accounts, accounts of household duties, produce on Woodlands property, records of deaths, debts owed, account of clearing Woodlands property, church visits, Hancock and Tonoloway Aqueduct, canals, Drum Point Railroad, Montgomery C. Meigs, Washington Aqueduct, Annapolis Water Works, telegram costs, wages for Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, William Craighill, Morris Canal, Annapolis Railroad and Canal, professional duties (inspections), Kanawha River Canal, travel schedules, professional expenses, cash received from Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, John's Dam, cathedral construction (St. Patricks?), Piedmont Bridge, Cumberland, account of farm property belonging to Major Campbell Bruns, Cunard Pier, Marquise de Portes, rent costs, Baltimore Canal, Kingston Water Supply, Croton Orange Estate, Pierre Casson, Hudson River Tunnel, Washington/Harlem River Bridge, entertainment costs, Greenwood cemetery, train schedule, notes on illness, real estate sales, Hutton Park, Benjamin H. Hutton estate and heirs, estimates, accounts of correspondence received and sent, Central Railroad, rent on Orange properties, addresses, contracts and building supplies for projects, personal finances, Joseph Hutton property on Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, amounts paid and received, medical appointments, Ramapo Water Company, drawing progress of maps and diagrams, Harbor Board (New York), property repairs, inspection and test reports, reservoirs, lists of birthdays, Boston Tunnel, family financial issues, tax payments, and prayers.

Series 6, Notebooks, 1860-1900, document the engineering and architectural projects worked on by Hutton. The series has been divided into three subseries: Subseries 1, Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899; Subseries 2, Notebooks, 1871-1886; and Subseries 3, Notes, 1863-1900. Subseries 1, Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899, contains sixteen field notebooks used by Hutton. Subseries 2, Notebooks, 1871-1886, contains seven notebooks. Subseries three, Notes, 1863-1900, contains four documents.

Some notebooks correspond to specific projects such as the Kanawha River Canal (lockgate and Phoenix Waterline), Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Buffalo Reservoir, Potomac Lock and Dock Company, Northern Adirondack Railroad account, Washington Aqueduct, Little Rock Bridge, Wilson-Adam Dock, Croten Brick Works, Hutton Park, Centennial Iron Works, Cumberland Canal, Williamsport Aqueduct, Catoctin Aqueduct, Alexandria Canal, Miller's Saw Mill, Seneca Dam, Union Tunnel, Cumberland Waterworks, Victoria Bridge, Welland Canal, North Sea Canal, Ramapo Water Company, Annapolis Water Company, Antietam Aqueduct, Interoceanic Canal, San Quentin Canal, Suez Canal, Amsterdam Canal, Harlem Bulkhead, Morris Canal, Blue Lake Canal, and Nicaragua Canal.

These notebooks should be used in conjunction with the other materials in the collection related to professional projects, as they often provide more detailed accounts of the construction and land surveys. Some of the notebooks contain entries from several different sources. The notebooks were probably shared among the engineers working on these projects. The notebooks also contain looseleaf ephemera such as hand written calculations, newspaper clippings, and blueprints. Languages found in this series are English and French.

Notebook topics include construction projects, supply needs, costs for labor, sketches (Woodland Mills, landscapes, dams, railway cars, Noland Tunnel), costs of crops, survey measurements, cost of livestock, aqueducts, inspections, canal bridges, seed prices, dams, measurements, coffer dam, canal maintenance, worker salaries, calculations, towpath sketches and measurements, shipping rates, worker accidents, water and coal used, geometrical sketches (Washington Aqueduct), locks, damage reports, interactions with other engineers (William Reading), coal shipments on the canal, travel expenses, land survey notes, drafts for correspondence, William Craighill, Victoria docks, lists of personal supplies used, construction time estimates, surveying expenses, telegram costs, sand pump, canal from Sherling to Tuxedo Bay, analysis of several artificial lakes and reservoirs, distances of reservoirs to main pipes, calculations for the Austin Wheel, engine construction, bridges, gauging water depth, results and observations of tests and performance, problems with construction, to-do lists, cost of land surrounding towpaths, Fawcett's Lock, Tarman's Lock, comparison of costs in transporting coal by water and by rail, inspection notes, iron work, drainages, leaks, cost of supplies, watergates, harbor ferries, railroad station distances, flood protection, Panama Canal via the Nicaraguan route, cost of jetties, water levels, pressure of steam, boilers, steam and water cycle, water depth, cement, Great Falls, Virginia, waterflow, soundings, time of floats, flow of currents, rain fall measurements, tunnel measurements, cost of trenching San Francisco water supply, record of livestock, cost of food, rates of sawing woods and mills, preliminary railroad line measurements, profile of final line, and railroad line profiles.

Series 7, Cash Books, 1856-1899, contains seven cashbooks which list prices for personal items purchased by Hutton. Topics include groceries, church dues, clothes, hygiene products, cigars, some short journal entries about his work (Williamstown), concerts, dinners, family addresses, cakes, meals, cars, stamps, office supplies (pencils and papers), valentines, glasses, gloves, fabric, medicine, needles, diapers, tobacco, shoes (adult and childrens), travel expenses, telegrams, candles, newspapers, liquor, coal oil, jewelry, allowances given to family members, bank deposits, monies paid and received, taxes, subscriptions, tailoring costs, deposits and payments into estate trusts, and notes about payments to Benjamin H. Hutton heirs. The cashbooks also contain some personal loose leaf ephemera such as prayers, sketches, and engineering notes collected by Hutton.

Series 8, Professional Projects, 1830-1965, contains documents about engineering and architectural projects throughout Hutton's career, including information about the professional organizations and the legal issues in which he was involved. This series has been divided into eight subseries based on project, document form, and document subject. Some materials are in French and Italian.

Series 8, Professional Projects, also includes correspondence related to specific projects, primarily the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, the Hudson River Tunnel, the Washington/Harlem River Bridge, and the Georgetown Incline.

Topics include construction and repair to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, engineering and use of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, worker contracts, supply and labor purchases, design plans and proposals, construction and repair costs, supply notes and costs of supplies, water pressure and power, shipping materials and routes (specifically the shipping of coal), inspections and their findings, condition of canal dam and locks, water supply, drainage, sketches, board proceedings, business meetings, deeds, cost comparisons to other shipping methods, hiring processes, wages, cost estimates, Hutton's consulting fees, measurements and calculations, funding issues, worker conflicts, negotiations with municipal governments, payment schedules, bills for services, air pressure in Hudson River Tunnel, permission for construction, specifications, mortality rate among workers on the Hudson River Tunnel, construction reports, outlet incline, proposals for construction, letters of introduction, railroad versus water for trade, controversy with Tiersey, construction contracts, construction schedules, construction issues, construction progress, construction damage, basis for estimates, supply requests, internal politics, changes to construction plans, contract and price adjustments, issues with suppliers, construction delays, work permits, bills, worker issues, engineering notes, construction excavations, expenses, construction instructions, Union Bridge Company, lighting installations, construction processes, hiring practices, electrical conductors, water proofing, hydraulics, cement, concrete, payment of contributors, processes of approval for construction, meeting dates of the Harlem River Bridge Commission, and contract restrictions.

Correspondents include the following: W.W.M. Kaig, Henry Dodge, E. Mulvany, John Shay, James Clarke, H.D. Whitcomb, Horace Benton, J. Rellan, J.R. Maus, W.E. Merrill, A.P. Gorman, J.H. Staats, Vernon H. Brown, Charles H. Fisher (New York Central and Hudson River Railway Company), B. Baker, John Fowler, Benjamin and John Dos Passos, Charles B. Colby, Charles B. Brush, S. Pearson, Stanford White, Horace E. Golding, R.H. Smith, Daniel Lord, A. Fteley, Herbert Hinds, J.R. Bartlett, D.M. Hirsch, M.H. Bartholomew, Thomas O. Driscoll, W.E. Porter, Thomas F. Rowland, George Edward Harding, R.H. Dames, William Watson, James B. Eads, J.D. Bright, H. Aston, Charles Suley, A.M. Maynard, W.R. Henton, G. Geddes, H.P. Gilbut, Malcolm W. Niver (Secretary of the Harlem River Bridge Commission), J.D. Patterson, George Devin (Assistant Engineer Washington/ Harlem River Bridge), J.B. Wheeler, John Bogart, Charles Burns, J. McClellon, Rob Bassee, B. Williamson, Theodore Cooper, Lewis Cass Ledyard, R.M. Hunt, John Cooper, Henry Wilson, A.A. Caille, Myles Tierney, W. Pentzen, L.B. Cantfield, George Q. Grumstaid Junior, M.J. Funton, George Pierce, W.O. Fayerweather, Noah S. Belthen, Herbert Steward, W.M. Habirsham. Subseries 1, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 1828-1965, consists of plans, blueprints, land profiles, drawings, boat rates, contract forms, order forms, descriptions of the canal, design information, engineering data, sketches, cost estimates, land titles, microfilm, business papers, supply bills, patent bills, news clippings, reports, specifications, stockholder's reports, receipts, water leases, printed materials, and correspondence.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project was started in 1828 and completed twenty two years later in 1850. The canal's main objective was to connect Georgetown to the coal banks above Cumberland, Maryland, providing a short and cheap trade route between the eastern and western United States. It was also hoped that the canal would provide greater communication and travel between these two regions. Plagued by natural disasters, and construction setbacks, the canal was never completed in time to be useful and became obsolete shortly after its completion. Canal trade was eventually put out of business by the increase of railroads. Although it was an important development in engineering at its inception, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is no longer in use and has become what locals affectionately refer to as "the old ditch." The canal was designated a National Historical Park in 1971 and consists of 184.5 miles of hiking and biking trails.

Subseries 2, Hudson River Tunnel, 1887-1901, consists of agreements for construction, certificates, contracts, and cost estimates, construction reports, engineering notebooks, engineering notes, sketches, land profiles, maps, progress profiles, plans, proposals, printed material, statements of expenses, and correspondence.

The Hudson River Tunnel project was started in 1874, and the final tubes were opened in 1910 after several construction setbacks. The tunnel connects Weehawken, New Jersey and Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, New York City. Today the Hudson River Tunnel, known as the North River Tunnels is used by Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and New Jersey Transit rail lines.

Subseries 3, Harlem River Bridge, 1878-1982, consists of blueprints, printed materials, photographs, engineer's estimates, schedules, costs, reports, proposals, contracts, specifications, and correspondence.

The Harlem River Bridge project was started in 1885 and was completed in 1889. It spans the Harlem River in New York City, New York and connects the Washington Heights section of Manhattan with the Bronx. It was later named and is still known as the Washington Bridge and has been adapted over time to carry highway traffic. These adaptations have allowed the bridge to remain in use today.

Subseries 4, Other Projects, 1858-1832, consists of drawings, maps, blueprints, plans, proposals, cost estimates, bills, correspondence, sketches, land profiles, dimensions, engineering notes, account records, photostats, supply lists, calculations, legal documents, surveys, inspection reports, financial data, and measurements on architectural and engineering projects. Highlights of this subseries include: Western Maryland Railroad, Washington Aqueduct, Panama Canal, Ramapo Water Company, Piedmont Bridge, Northern Adirondack Railroad, Columbia Railroad, Morris Canal, Pittsfield and Williamstown Railroad, Suez Canal, St. Gothard Canal, Tansa Dam, Colorado Midland Railroad Company, Memorial Bridge, Mersey Tunnel, Little Rock Bridge, Kingston Water Supply, Kanawha River Canal, Florida Ship Canal, East Jersey Water Company, Consolidated Coal Company, Dismal Swamp Canal, Boston and Baltimore Tunnels, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Annapolis Water Company, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad Company, and the Baltimore Beltline.

Subseries 5, Unidentified Project Files, 1872-1900, consists of bills of sale, engineering forms and regulations, cement test results and methods, census bulletin, contracts, cost estimates, correspondence, notes on publications, engineering data and notes, drawings, surveys, sketches, payrolls, photographs, and reports.

Subseries 6, Specifications, 1870-1900, consists of documents related to some of Hutton's projects, including specifications for bridges, reservoirs, canals, viaducts, docks, buildings, water works, and tunnels. Some specifications are more general, and some are blank proposal/specification forms. There are also proposals for estimates and a "call" or advertisement to contractors to bid on certain projects. Many of the specifications deal with projects in New York State, but projects in Pennsylvania, the City of Baltimore, and Europe are represented. The materials are arranged alphabetically by project name. There is one folder of documentation for the Potomac River Bridge (Arlington Memorial Bridge) in Washington, D.C. The Arlington Memorial Bridge was part of the 1901 McMillan Commission's plan for restoring Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's original plan for the capital. Two decades passed before construction was initiated by the architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White. The documentation for the Memorial Bridge consists of calculations and monetary figures for materials such as granite.

Subseries 7, Legal Documents, 1886, contains documents related to a patent infringement suit for moveable dams involving Alfred Pasqueau vs. the United States. This file contains both a printed version of the case and a handwritten statement from Hutton.

Subseries 8, Professional Organizations, 1870-1902, contains documents related to professional organizations where Hutton held membership. Specific organizations represented are American Institute of Architects, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institution of Civil Engineers, Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France, Librarie Polytechnique, American Agency of "Engineering" in London, Imperial Institute, League of Associated Engineers, Railroad Corporation, American Institute of Mining Engineers, and the Century Association. Material in the subseries includes correspondence, candidates for membership, membership payments, membership lists, meeting minutes, schedule of terms, professional practices, charges, articles of association, invitations for membership, and election notes. Some materials are in French.

Series 9, Printed Materials, 1850-1913, contains a variety of printed materials relating to engineering and architectural projects written by Hutton and fellow engineers. This series can be used to examine not only professional developments of the period and responses to those developments, but also to track how ideas were transferred between engineers across countries and continents. This series should be used in conjunction with the professional correspondence found in this collection, as many of the authors also appear there. Some materials are in French, German, Spanish, and Italian.

Subseries 1, Printed Materials by Hutton, 1852-1900, includes printed papers on the Missouri flood wave, the Ravine du Sud, the Potomac waterfront, the Colorado midlands, and the application of water supply machinery.

Subseries 2, Printed Materials by Others, 1826-1913, includes printed materials on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canals, Tehuantec Ship Railway, Interoceanic canals and railways, jetties, Nicaragua Canal, uses of cements, mortars, concretes, steam power, harbors, Niagara Falls, Kanawha River canal, Mississippi River, Hudson River Bridge, sewage disposal, Washington Aqueduct, specifications, construction progress reports, hydraulic experiments, water supply, drainage, road surfacing, sea walls, water-cooling apparatus, pollution reports, bridges, pipes, channels, reservoirs, irrigation, water power, and sewers.

Subseries 2 contains an issue of The North American Review in which Hutton has specifically highlighted an article entitled, "The Inter-Oceanic Canal." Please see the container list for names of authors.

Subseries 3, Printed Materials with No Author, 1852-1903, includes printed materials on harbor reports, Annapolis Water Company, Ramapo Water Company, water departments and boards, maps, engineer's reports, sea walls, preservation of structures, annual reports, Coal and Iron Railway Company, sewers, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, contract specifications, proposals, social club life, Croton Water Supply, law suits, water supplies, moveable dams, reservoirs, East River Bridge, Eastern Canal, water filtration, Kingston New Water Supply, water pipes, locks, docks, contracts, construction reports, Croton Water Supply, and surveys. Also included are issues of journals such as Le Correspondant, Circular of the Office of Chief Engineers, The Club, VIII Congres International de Navigation, Journal of the Association of Engineering Studies, and Journal of the Franklin Institute.

Subseries 4, Newspaper, Journals and Magazine Clippings, 1873-1900, contains clippings from a variety of newspapers such as Scientific American, andRailroad Gazette. Subjects included are the Union Tunnel opening in Baltimore, Drum Point Railroad, railroad company conflicts, Washington/Harlem River Bridge, Metropolitan Railroad, Western Maryland Railroad, crop prospects, lumber trade, North Avenue Bridge, Nicaraguan Canal, harbors, river improvements, reactions to engineering projects, Belt tunnel, city transit, Washington, D.C. flood in 1880, tunnel shields, Springfield Bridge, railroad patents, Panama Canal, jetties, Hudson Tunnel, steel boilers, composition and use of cement, and the Brooklyn Bridge.

Subseries 5, Oversized Printed Materials, 1889-1892, contains large printed materials related to the Washington Aqueduct, General Post Office Building, subway arches, cornices, Warwick's Castle, Neuschwanstein Castle, Renaissance paintings, botanical drawings, school buildings, church architecture, the Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy and the District of Columbia, the Panama Canal, Morningside Park, and the Mississippi Jetties. Also includes engravings of Hutton, T.N. Talfound, and F. Jeffrey and photographs of Montgomery C. Meigs, and Hutton. Some materials are in German and French.

References:

1. Ward, George Washington, "The Early Development of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Project," Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science Series XVII, no. 9-11 (1899): 8.

2. Ibid., 88.

3. Ibid., 55.

4. Ibid., 90.

5. Sanderlin, Walter S., "The Great National Project: A History of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal," Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science Series LXIV, no. 1 (1946): 21.

6. Ibid., 282.

7. Gies, Joseph, Adventure Underground (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company Inc., 1962): 134.

8. Ibid., 131-132.

9. Ibid., 135-136.

10. Ibid., 145.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into ten series.

Series 1: Letterpress Copybooks, 1858-1901

Series 2: Professional Correspondence, 1861-1901

Subseries 2.1: Project Correspondence, 1876-1899

Subseries 2.2: General Correspondence, 1861-1901

Series 3: Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942

Series 4: Personal Materials, 1835-1946

Subseries 4.1: Financial Records, 1876-1901

Subseries 4.2: Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921

Subseries 4.3: Other Huttons, 1874-1936

Subseries 4.4: Personal Materials, 1878-1946

Series 5: Diaries, 1866-1901

Series 6: Notebooks, 1860-1900

Subseries 6.1: Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899

Subseries 6.2: Notebooks, 1871-1886

Subseries 6.3: Notes, 1863-1900

Series 7: Cashbooks, 1856-1899

Series 8: Professional Projects, 1830-1965

Subseries 8.1: Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 1828-1965

Subseries 8.2: Hudson River Tunnel, 1887-1901

Subseries 8.3: Harlem River Bridge, 1878-1892

Subseries 8.4: Other Projects, 1858-1932

Subseries 8.5: Identified Project Files, 1872-1900

Subseries 8.6: Specifications, 1870-1900

Subseries 8.7: Legal Documents, 1886

Subseries 8.8: Professional Organizations, 1870-1902

Series 9: Printed Materials, 1826-1913

Subseries 9.1: Printed Materials by Hutton, 1852-1900

Subseries 9.2: Printed Materials by Others, 1826-1913

Subseries 9.3: Newspaper, Journals, and Magazine Clippings, 1855-1901

Subseries 9.4: Oversized Printed Material, 1889-1892

Series 10: Drawings, 1875, 1883
Biographical / Historical:
Not much is known about the history of William Rich Hutton outside of his role in architectural and engineering projects of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In many cases, he is spoken of only in reference to his projects, and the short biographies that have been written read more like a resume than a life story. Because of this lack of information, this note will focus on Hutton's professional accomplishments, but will attempt to make some comments on his personal life.

William Rich Hutton was born on March 21, 1826 in Washington, D.C., the eldest son of James Hutton (died 1843) and his wife, the former Salome Rich (1). He was educated at the Western Academy (Washington, D.C.) from 1837-1840 under George J. Abbot and then at Benjamin Hallowell's School in Alexandria, Virginia, where he received special training in mathematics, drawing, and surveying (2). Hutton began his professional career in California when he, along with his younger brother James, accompanied their uncle William Rich to work for the United States Army. His uncle was a paymaster for the army and Hutton became his clerk. They traveled around the new state paying the various platoons stationed there, but Hutton also occupied his time by drawing the landscapes and structures he saw in the settlements of Los Angeles, San Francisco, La Paz, Mazatlan, Santa Barbara, Monterey, San Pedro, San Diego, and Cape San Lucas (3). These drawings are now held by the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. Hutton held the position of clerk until the spring of 1849, and in July of that year he began working with Lieutenant Edward O.C. Ord and completed the first survey of Los Angeles and its surrounding pueblo lands and islands. Hutton continued surveying in California from 1850-1851. He was hired by William G. Dana to survey the Nipomo Ranch in San Luis Obispo County and also surveyed the ranches Santa Manuela and Huer-Huero, both owned by Francis Z. Branch. After his employment with Dana, he became the county surveyor for San Luis Obispo County, where he prepared the first survey and map of the region. He also continued to survey ranches for Captain John Wilson during this time. In August 1851, he resigned from his position as county surveyor and moved to Monterey where he worked as an assistant to Captain (later General) Henry W. Hallack, superintendent of the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine in Santa Clara County (4). He remained in this position until March, 1853 when he returned to Washington, D.C. by way of Mexico (5).

Hutton began his career as a civil engineer in Washington, D.C. He was first assigned to the position of assistant engineer on a survey of the projected Metropolitan Railroad in 1853, which was chartered to connect Washington, D.C. with the mainline of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In 1855 he began his professional relationship with Montgomery C. Meigs when he was appointed to the position of assistant engineer on the Washington Aqueduct. He also served as division engineer on this project until construction was shut down in 1861 because of the outbreak of the Civil War. Fortunately for Hutton, the construction on the Aqueduct was resumed in 1862, and when Congress transferred the supervision of the aqueduct project from the War Department to the Department of the Interior, Hutton was made chief engineer. By the end of the Civil War, Hutton's reputation as a civil engineer was established (6).

During this decade Hutton also served as the chief engineer for the Annapolis Water Works (1866) and as chief engineer for one of his most famous projects, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (1869-1871). Although some historians minimize Hutton as just one of many engineers to work on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, he did make one major contribution to its construction: the Georgetown Canal Incline. Perhaps the final effort of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal company to compete with the emerging and fast expanding railroad, the Georgetown Incline was designed to allow canal boats to travel through the canal with low water levels and to alleviate canal congestion. Unfortunately, by the time the incline was completed use of the canal had decreased so significantly that it was no longer needed to help control traffic (7). Despite this, Hutton continued to work as a consulting engineer for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company until 1881, when he was let go because of the dwindling fortunes of the company (7).

In the 1870s and 1880s Hutton was busy with several engineering projects. During 1871-1873, he was the chief engineer in the completion of the Western Maryland Railroad to Hagerstown and Williamsport (9). He also practiced as an architect with his brother, the prominent Baltimore architect Nathanial Henry Hutton, during the years 1873-1880. He relocated to New York in 1880, serving as chief engineer for the Washington Bridge in 1888 and 1889 and the Hudson River Tunnel from 1889 to 1891. In 1886, he became the consulting engineer for the New Croton Aqueduct and served in the same position for the Colorado Midland Railway between the years of 1886-1889 (10).

As his personal and professional correspondence shows, Hutton continued to work on various engineering and architectural projects until his death on December 11, 1901. In addition to these projects, he also invented the innovative system of locks and moveable dams used in the Kanawha River Canal. He was awarded the Diplome d'Honneur for this featat the Paris Exposition in 1878 (11). His correspondence also demonstrates how Hutton was respected within his professional community. These letters refer to the accuracy of his work, his willingness to help other colleagues and supply them with reference materials and information, and, in addition to all this, his politeness. It seems that these qualities defined not only his personality but also his ideology. In one of the cashbooks in the collection, dated 1899, a hand written note contains a religious parable of "The Straw." The phrase in this parable that speaks most to Hutton's work ethic, and to the spirit of inventors everywhere, is this: "Even so however lowly may be the act, however little opportunities we may have of assisting others, we may still do something. Let us beg to fulfil our duty in this regards by making ourselves useful to others by some little act of thoughtful charity..." (12). Hutton, in his dedication to civil engineering, seems to have lived up to this virtue, and in his work he changed the landscape of Washington, D.C. and New York.

The Fairy Godfather: Hutton's Personal History

His professional records reveal a man who was fiercely dedicated to his work. His obituary references his professional life more than his personal life (13). Despite his reputation in the professional engineering community, his personal records demonstrate that Hutton was also dedicated to his family and children. In 1855, he married Montgomery County native Mary Augusta Clopper (died 1915). Together they lived on her family's estate known as the Woodlands, and had five children: Frank C. Hutton, Mary Hutton, Elizabeth Hutton (later Caulfield), Rosa Hutton, and Annie Salome Hutton (14). It is at this estate that Hutton died and was buried. The personal letters to his wife found in the Woodlands Collection held at the Montgomery County Historical Society show a man in love and willing to take time from his work to write to his wife. His letters to his children show a similar interest and compassion. In the many letters found in this collection from his daughter Elizabeth (Bessie) one can see a father who is interested in not only his daughter's activities abroad, but also in her opinion. This interest also extends to his son Frank Hutton, as their correspondence shows Hutton offering his son advice on his own engineering projects.

Hutton also served as executor to many of his extended family's estates. Many letters show the conflicts that Hutton had to mediate and the dependence of his cousins on him for advice and money. Although his family was wealthy (his cousin was Benjamin H. Hutton whose daughters married into the court of Napoleon III), they were volatile, and his records seem to indicate that he served as a mediator for many of their disputes. In addition to this, as his nickname of Fairy Godfather suggests, Hutton was always willing to lend his family either financial or moral support when needed. Unfortunately, little other documentation concerning Hutton's personal life exists outside of this collection and the one held at the Montgomery County Historical Society.

References:

1. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942).

2. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): ix.

3. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942). and Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): x-xi.

4. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942).

5. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): xvii.

6. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): xvii-xviii.

7. Skramstad, Harold, "The Georgetown Canal Incline," Technology and Culture, Vol. 10, no. 4 (Oct. 1969): 555.

8. Business Correspondence, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 22 February 1881, William R. Hutton Papers, 1830-1965, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, box number 27, folder number 29.

9. "William Rich Hutton," The Club: A Journal of Club Life for Men and Women,(July 1894):37

10. Ibid.

11. Monzione, Joseph, "William R. Hutton," A.P.W.A. Reporter (Sept. 1977): 7.

12. Cashbook, 1899, William R. Hutton Papers, 1830-1965, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, box number 23, folder number 5.

13. The Woodlands Collection, Montgomery County Historical Society.
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center

The Montgomery C. Meigs Papers, 1870-1890, (AC0987). Contains materials relating to the construction of the Washington Aqueduct including a book of drawings illustrating reservoirs, tunnels, culverts, and other structural elements, a Government Senate Document relating to construction progress, scrapbooks created by Meigs that include newspaper clippings about the Washington Aqueduct project, water supply, engineering projects, building construction, architecture and other subjects. Collection is currently unprocessed, but is available for research.

Materials in Other Organizations:

The William Rich Hutton Papers, 1840-1961, are located at the Huntington Library in California (see http://catalog.huntington.org).

The collection contains 95 drawings, 13 letters, and 39 facsimile copies of letters and manuscripts. The illustrative material includes both watercolor and pencil drawings of California (including Los Angeles, Monterey, San Francisco, the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine, and the California missions), Baja California, Mexico, and Peru. There are also five pieces in the collection related to the author María Amparo Ruiz de Burton. In 1942, the Huntington Library published Glances at California 1847--853: Diaries and Letters of William Rich Hutton, Surveyor and California 1847--852: Drawings by William Rich Hutton.

The Hutton family papers are located at the Montgomery County Historical Society, Sween Library (see http://www.montgomeryhistory.org/sites/default/files/Family_Files.pdf).

The collection contains account books from the Woodlands estate, recipe books, livestock records, records of Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary and Rose Hutton (daughters), newspaper clippings (including his obituary), correspondence, record books, deeds, bills and receipts, engineering papers, religious momentos (funeral service cards), and insurance papers.
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Mr. and Mrs. James J. Madine, a relative of Hutton's and last owners of the Woodlands estate; the Department of Forests and Parks, Maryland; Louis Fischer; and Mr. and Mrs. Mayo S. Stuntz, 1965-1966, 1974.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
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Genre/Form:
Photographs
Letterpress copybooks
Blueprints
Diaries
Drawings
Photographs -- 19th century
Cashbooks
Business records -- 19th century
Business letters
Notebooks
Topographic maps
Tax records
Technical drawings
Stock certificates
Technical literature
Photoengravings
Notes
Maps -- 19th century
Microfilms
Linen tracings
Letter books
Letters
Land titles
Legal documents
Sketches
Salted paper prints
Reports
Receipts
Plans (drawings)
Photostats
Photographic prints
Architectural drawings
Administrative records
Albumen prints
Albums
Annual reports
Booklets
Account books -- 19th century
Books -- 19th century
Family papers -- 18th century
Financial records -- 19th century
Diaries -- 19th century
Drawings -- 19th century
Cyanotypes
Correspondence -- 19th-20th century
Deeds
Printed material
Correspondence
Contracts
Photograph albums
Specifications
Christmas cards
Menus
Citation:
William R. Hutton Papers, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0987
See more items in:
William R. Hutton Papers
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep84f6824ce-7291-4ac4-ab0f-abaa2071815e
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0987
Online Media:

Norwich -- Garden of Bill Noble

Former owner:
McKenzie, Betty  Search this
McKenzie, Robert  Search this
Provenance:
Connecticut Valley Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Garden of Bill Noble (Norwich, Vermont)
United States of America -- Vermont -- Windsor County -- Norwich
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, site plans, and additional information, including some plant names.
General:
Located on a 19th-century Vermont farmstead, this garden has been under development since 1991 and is centered around a Greek Revival farmhouse, barn, and barn foundations on 22 acres of terraced lawns, field and woodland. The garden is focused on two acres and possesses a variety of plants not commonly encountered in Vermont gardens, including old-fashioned varieties collected from historic gardens and newer plants from other regions of the country being assessed for garden worthiness in Vermont. The main flower garden consists of four rectangular beds planted as a mixed border with deciduous shrubs, roses, herbaceous perennials, and self-sown annuals. This flower garden opens up westerly onto a lawn bordered by a 70-foot-long stone foundation wall. This border is planted for foliage interest to contrast with the floral display of the main flower garden. A rock garden with troughs is situated on the terrace above the walls in the remains of a former dairy barn, with the deteriorated cement floors providing ideal growing space for a variety of rock and alpine plants. A moss garden lies next to the former dairy in the footprint of a former stable, while the Silver and Gold border, named for the eponymous shrubby dogwood, is a transition from the foundation gardens to a field, with paths mowed into the tall grass. Other areas of interest include a vegetable garden east of the flower garden, borders of shade loving plants, an aster border, banks of native roses; and a slope of fall and winter interest with conifers, evergreen groundcovers and grasses.
March 1, 2008, is the only date indicated for all of the slides, although they appear to have been taken at various times of the year, possibly during 2007.
Persons associated with the site include Betty and Robert McKenzie (former owners, 1924-1990).
Related Materials:
Garden of Bill Noble related holdings consist of 1 folder (15 35 mm. slides (photographs))
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Vermont -- Norwich  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File VT011
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Vermont
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb65db46ad0-9f25-4f06-8f44-35e4a90117c9
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref11358

Aiken -- Hopeland Gardens

Creator:
Iselin, C. Oliver, Mrs  Search this
Landscape architect:
Marvin, Robert E., 1920-2001  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
South Carolina -- Aiken
United States of America -- South Carolina -- Aiken County -- Aiken
General:
Hopeland Gardens is 14.2 acres and Robert E. Marvin, noted landscape architect, created a master plan for the garden. 1. Dedication of Hopeland Gardens to the public. 2. Plan drawings from Marvin brochure. 3. Garden pictures from Marvin brochure. 4. Country Life Magazine, page 22 and 23. No date. 5. Sotheby Advertisement - Fall, 1986. 6. Garden Club of America, Annual Meeting Guidebook, April 1932, page 29.
Related Materials:
Hopeland Gardens related holdings consist of 1 slide (col.)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Spring  Search this
Plan views  Search this
Rites and ceremonies  Search this
People  Search this
Allées  Search this
Gazebos  Search this
Fountains  Search this
Sculpture  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File SC047
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / South Carolina
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6cf2845be-ae61-4b86-aaf4-f1f8853486e0
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref12434

Philadelphia -- Las Parcelas

Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Las Parcelas (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
United States of America -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia County -- Philadelphia
Scope and Contents:
The folders include worksheets, detailed descriptions of the garden and its history and evolution, garden plans, and other information.
General:
This 6,468 square-foot garden was begun on vacant land in the Kensington section of Philadelphia by the Norris Square Neighborhood Project (NSNP), with assistance from the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in what was a drug-infested neighborhood. The garden's name, Las Parcelas, refers to the unique combination of more than 40 attractive plots, or parcels, each with its own special feature. Wood-trimmed beds contain vegetables, flowers, and herbs. Neighbors built "La Casita" (the little house), a reproduction of housing that existed in Puerto Rico before World War II that with its kitchen is a tool to teach children about traditional ways of living. Market stands enable the sale of produce from the garden, while an "environmental park" includes many trees and shrubs. Brightly painted garden structures (including "La Casita"), furnishings, and murals enliven the scene. Las Parcelas is the result of the determined and cooperative nature of the entire community.
Las Parcelas is only one of many community greening projects in Norris Square Greene Countrie Towne which dramatize the efforts of the entire neighborhood. Neighborhood leadership has formed a group of community garden activists known as Groupo Motivos to help maintain gardens, parks and street trees for the good of the community. All ages are represented in the garden, with the dominant group being in their late 40's and 50's. Heavy youth involvement in the garden comes from close association with the youth programs of NSNP. In addition to Philadelphia Green and NSNP, Las Parcelas has benefitted from the Weed and Seed Program of the Department of Justice, which aids in taking back neighborhoods from drug dealers. NSNP also coordinates programs with Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania State University, and four other state universities that give voluntary support to the garden. All of this activity is directly facilitated by NSNP.
Related Materials:
Las Parcelas related holdings consist of 2 folders (22 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File PA354
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Pennsylvania
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6a6b99162-e750-49b5-9957-0614a56e7a29
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref16526

Middleburg -- The Hill School Arboretum

Former owner:
Clark, Stephen C. Jr.  Search this
Clark, Jane Forbes  Search this
Arboretum designer:
Rowley, Polly P.  Search this
Committee head:
Rowley, Polly P.  Search this
Landscape architect:
Starke, Barry W.  Search this
Tindall, Ian  Search this
Foster, Susie  Search this
Committee member:
Augenblick, Barbara  Search this
Morency, Mike  Search this
Hoovler, Karen  Search this
Gardener:
Vella, Matthew  Search this
Dornin, Bob  Search this
Looney, Greg  Search this
Faculty:
Dornin, Bob  Search this
Looney, Greg  Search this
Provenance:
Fauquier and Loudoun Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
The Hill School Arboretum (Middleburg, Virginia)
United States of America -- Virginia -- Loudoun -- Middleburg
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets and photocopies of articles and images.
General:
The arboretum was created on the 132-acre farm that was donated to the private pre-K through 8th grade Hill School in 1992. A landscaping committee decided that the mission of the arboretum would be to grow examples of both native and alien trees that have adapted to the region to be used as an environmental teaching facility for children and as a community resource. The initial plan was broken into stages, planting was done over several years, and the vision for the arboretum was that it would look like a country estate in 100 years. Eight distinct areas were identified that would be planted over time with more than 200 species of trees and shrubs in combinations that emphasize differing leaf shapes and bark textures for the children to study. Planning included respect for the instinctive pathways of children pursing daily activities while also promoting appreciation and respect for the natural environment. The arboretum provides habitat for birds and wildlife, another aspect that would be incorporated into the curriculum of the school.
When there was dissatisfaction with the contractors hired for the work members of the committee took charge themselves. There were drainage problems in some areas and the location of differing stands of trees had to be determined in part by soil conditions. Young trees were purchased that were easier to transplant successfully and less costly, although some of the specialty trees had to be kept in the chairwoman's nursery for three years until they were ready to be planted out. Community support included donations of tons of manure and humus from nearby farms.
Persons associated with the garden include Stephen C. Clark, Jr. and Jane Forbes Clark (former owners, 1945-1992); Polly P. Rowley (arboretum designer and committee head, 1992- ); Barry W. Starke (ASLA), Earth Design Associates (landscape architect, 1992-1993); Ian Tindall and Susie Foster, HOH Associates (landscape architects, 1992-1993); Barbara Augenblick, Mike Morency and Karen Hoovler (Hill School committee, 1992-1995); Matthew Vella (gardener, 1992-1998); Bob Dornin and Greg Looney (Hill School grounds supervisor and gardener, 1992-1998).
Related Materials:
The Hill School Arboretum related holdings consist of 1 folder (22 digital images)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Virginia -- Middleburg  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File VA490
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Virginia
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb64e473e31-526b-47b6-8ca7-13b8b8f63f38
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref18854

Mill Neck -- Ivy Hill

Landscape architect:
Innocenti & Webel  Search this
Provenance:
North Country Garden Club of Long Island  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Ivy Hill (Mill Neck, New York)
United States of America -- New York -- Nassau County -- Mill Neck
Scope and Contents:
The folders include a work sheet and copies of landscape plans (1995).
General:
This property consisted of 22 acres in 1936, but were then separated into three lots in 1992.
Persons and organizations associated with the garden include: Mr. and Mrs. Julius White (former owners, 1936); Mr. and Mrs. J. Randall Creel (former owners, 1939?); Charles F. Fuller (architect, 1936); Robert Grahagan (architect of renovation, 1993); Innocenti & Webel (landscape architect, 1936); David Lamb and Innocenti & Webel (renovation, 1993-1995); and Sal Pezzino (arborist, 1993 to present).
Related Materials:
Ivy Hill related holdings consist of 1 folder (4 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Formal gardens  Search this
Gardens -- New York -- Mill Neck  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File NY870
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New York
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb65f5b6f5e-d686-4343-8d63-983c9ba46181
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref26857

[Nethermuir]

Slide manufacturer:
Van Altena, Edward  Search this
Provenance:
North Country Garden Club of Long Island  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Extent:
1 Photograph (lantern slide, hand-colored, 3.25 x 4 in.)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Lantern slides
Place:
New York (State) -- Cold Spring Harbor
Nethermuir (Cold Spring Harbor, NY)
United States of America -- New York -- Suffolk County -- Cold Spring Harbor
Date:
[between 1914 and 1949?]
General:
Mount reads: "Edward Van Altena, 71-79 W. 45th St., N.Y.C."
Historic plate number: "22."
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Spring  Search this
Lawns  Search this
Garden borders  Search this
Walls, stone  Search this
Vines  Search this
Forsythia  Search this
Dogwoods  Search this
Flowering trees  Search this
Flowering shrubs  Search this
Gardens -- New York -- Cold Spring Harbor  Search this
Genre/Form:
Lantern slides
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, Item NY074006
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New York / NY074: Cold Spring Harbor -- Nethermuir
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6ade1093c-02c0-46cc-99cc-f967ad6912b6
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref27468

Oldacres

Creator:
Bacon, Robert, Mrs.  Search this
North Country Garden Club of Long Island  Search this
Landscape architect:
Hutcheson, Martha Brookes  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Extent:
1 Photograph (lantern slide, hand-colored, 3.25 x 4 in.)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Lantern slides
Place:
New York (State) -- Old Westbury
United States of America -- New York -- Nassau County -- Westbury
Date:
[between 1914 and 1949?]
General:
Historic plate number: "22."
Historic plate caption: "Oldacres; Mrs. Rovert Bacon."
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Sculpture  Search this
Sundials  Search this
Flower beds  Search this
Stairs  Search this
Urns  Search this
Hedges  Search this
Arches  Search this
Houses  Search this
Bricks  Search this
Genre/Form:
Lantern slides
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, Item NY068022
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New York / NY068: Old Westbury -- Oldacres
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6b57f60c5-25b5-45b5-afaf-b9651c204f39
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref28845

Chelsea (NY)

Creator:
Gottscho, Samuel H. (Samuel Herman), 1875-1971  Search this
Moore, Benjamin Mrs.  Search this
Mckay, Alexandra Emery Moore  Search this
Nassau County  Search this
Landscape architect:
Vitale, Ferrucio, 1875-1933  Search this
Architect:
Delano, William Adams  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Extent:
1 Photograph (lantern slide, hand-colored, 3.25 x 4 in.)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Lantern slides
Place:
New York (State) -- Muttontown
United States of America -- New York -- Nassau County -- Oyster Bay -- Muttontown
Date:
[between 1914 and 1949?]
General:
Historic plate number: "132; 15; 22; 65; 39."
Historic plate caption: "Mrs. Benjamin Moore, North Country G. C."
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Spring  Search this
Moats  Search this
Flower beds  Search this
Lawns  Search this
Garden houses  Search this
Sculpture  Search this
Genre/Form:
Lantern slides
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, Item NY084007
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New York / NY084: Oyster Bay -- Chelsea (NY)
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb647ad07c4-b204-42f4-993e-3459d3a40bba
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref28989

Newport -- Wild Moor

Provenance:
Newport Garden Club  Search this
Photographer:
Whitney, Kate Lucey (Kathryn Lucey)  Search this
Palmer, Thomas  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States of America -- Rhode Island -- Newport County -- Newport
Wild Moor (Newport, Rhode Island)
Scope and Contents:
This file contains 20 digital images and 1 folder.
General:
Established in 1887, Wild Moor (also known as Berry Hill) is a woodland and natural landscape planted with native species on 22 acres. It has been in the same family for over 100 years and is protected by a land trust by new owners. Wild Moor sits on the second highest point on Aquidneck Island, overlooking Narragansett Bay, the Newport Country Club, and before the extensive planting of trees, the town of Newport and its harbor.

The garden was cultivated by the first owners, Walter and Mary Howe. Water penned a book of essays titled, 'The Garden.' After Walter's death Mary married Arnold Hague, a geologist and amateur botanist. She attended botany courses at Columbia University and the couple began to plant specimen trees, shrubs, fern landscapes, a rock garden, swaths of crocus, trout lilies and narcissus. The added acreage and constructed a tennis court, greenhouses, stone garden sheds and a rose house.

Mary Howe Hague was the first president of the Newport Garden Club. Club members were invited to the property's spring flowering in 1914 and it was open to visits by members throughout the family's ownership of the estate.

Donald MacKay Fraser, a coachman promoted to gardener, oversaw Berry Hill from 1932 to 1976. A Scottish immigrant, he was not trained in horticulture, but overtime became a knowledgeable gardener who sought advice from other gardeners including other Scots working on Newport's grand estates. MacKay's era saw the gradual clearing of the land and construction of structures including a stonewall-enclosed "Little Garden," "Loch Fraser," a catchment pond, the "Shanty," a wooden shed perched atop fitted with a small fireplace and baby grand piano for Mary Carlisle Howe, an accomplished composer and one of the founders of the National Symphony Orchestra.

The property was sold in 2020 and renamed Wild Moor, the windswept garden, with mossy dells, rock-strewn lawns and panoramic vistas.

Persons associated with the property include: Walter and Mary Ann Bruce Howe (former owner, 1887); Walter Bruce Howe (former owner, 1923); Mary C. Howe (former owner, 1954); Bruce Howe (former owner, 1959); Berry Hill Nominee Trust (former owner, 1992); Samuel Parsons (unknown role, 1887); Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape architect of subdivision/sited the house); McKim, Mead, and White? (architect); Michael Carney (head gardener, 1889-1908); William Richardson (head gardener, 1909-1919); Charles Clark (head gardener, 1920-1930); Frederick S. Franco (head gardener, 1931-1932); Donald Fraser (coachman and gardener, superintendent/horticulture, 1933-1975); John Salvador (head gardener, 1976-1992); Keith Hayward (head gardener, 1993-present); Howe family (garden designers).

Records related to the overall subdivision in which this property is located may be found at the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Olmsted Job Number 00681, King-Glover Lands.
Related Materials:
See the 'Flora and Fauna of Berry Hill' at the Redwood Library and Athenaeum.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Rhode Island -- Newport  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File RI215
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Rhode Island
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb66b2ed21a-5456-42da-8764-26be3d96bdfe
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref33215

Palm Beach -- Palm Beach Garden

Former owner:
Blosson family  Search this
Potter, George Wells  Search this
Bingham, Charles W  Search this
Burrows, Michael  Search this
Krakoff, Reed  Search this
Architect:
Kahan, Daniel  Search this
Surveyor:
Shaw, Clifford  Search this
Landscape architect:
Sanchez, Jorge  Search this
Vertesch, Brian S.  Search this
Provenance:
Garden Club of Palm Beach  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Palm Beach Garden (Palm Beach, Florida)
United States of America -- Florida -- Palm Beach -- Palm Beach
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets.
General:
The 3.65 acre property includes a substantial mangrove area that has been protected from development under the Palm Beach Comprehensive Plan adopted in 1979 when a much larger property was subdivided. The contemporary house is styled after an Italian country villa and was sited to maximize open areas for landscaping. Mature specimen trees were relocated around the property, other mature trees were brought in, and the driveway was placed to accommodate existing banyan and ficus trees; the driveway winds through an allée of bamboo under planted with philodendron. Diamond zoysia grass used throughout the landscaped areas looks like a carpet between island beds of individual specimen trees and beds planted with tropical perennials, shrubs, and palms. There is a classically styled dining pavilion, an infinity swimming pool and dock facing Lake Worth, and a bridge and walkway into the mangroves. Trees on the property include citrus, banana, bottlebrush, gum palm (a cycad), kapok, Buddhist pine, slash pines and Southern Live oak.
Persons associated with the garden include George Wells Potter (former owner, circa 1875-1890); Charles W. Bingham and heirs (former owners, circa 1890-1979); Michael Burrows (former owner, 1979-1986); Blossom family (former owners, 1987-2004); Reed Krakoff (former owner, 2004-2009); Clifford Shaw (surveyor of mangrove area, 1973); Daniel Kahan (architect, 2011-2013); Jorge A. Sánchez (landscape architect, 2011- ); Brian S. Vertesch (landscape architect, 2011- )
Related Materials:
Palm Beach Garden related holdings consist of 1 folder (22 digital images)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Florida -- Palm Beach  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File FL262
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Florida
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb67c9cd9d8-2904-45ac-b719-eab04a6c9c6b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref12023

Baltimore -- Brightside

Former owner:
White, S. Bonsal Mrs.  Search this
White, S. Bonsal  Search this
Krongard, A. B.  Search this
Krongard, A. B. Mrs.  Search this
Architect:
Ness, Charles M.  Search this
Snead, James A.  Search this
Provenance:
St. George Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Brightside (Owings Mills, Maryland)
United States of America -- Maryland -- Owings Mills -- Baltimore
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets, photocopies of images and an illustrated history of the family, house and garden.
General:
The five-acre Brightside gardens were built from 1983 to 2014 on a property with a large country house of white-painted bricks and a slate roof, surrounded by woodland shade and poor soil. Described as a dialog between the heart and the head there are 54 discrete garden areas, including Lutyens-style stairways, a potager, a cemetery for family pets with a statue of a beloved pug, gardens named after the neoclassical statues within them or the friends that designed or inspired them, a pool garden. Formal garden rooms are near the house and more rustic woodlands gardens are further from the house. Some of the hardscapes of the formal gardens were designed to echo the neoclassical lines of Baltimore Federal furniture. Each garden has a theme inspired by a quotation from philosophy, religion, literature or poetry that bespeaks the spirit of that area, with plantings that refer to the symbolic Victorian language of flowers. The owners have been inspired by their visits to hundreds of gardens and the Greek and Roman ideals embodied in neoclassicism and the American Federal and empire styles from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Among their favorites are the English garden design collaborations of Gertrude Jekyll and Sir Edwin Lutyens, William Kent's Rousham, Sissinghurst, Hidcote, and the fantasy elven gardens in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.
In 1990 woodlands were cleared of understory and hundreds of tons of soil were deposited under the remaining tall trees and dogwood to sculpt a new landscape. Within one week 500 rhododendron, 65,000 fern and 65,000 pachysandra seedlings were planted. There are six levels of woodland gardens descending from a ridgeline, 2,000 specimen trees, and amphitheaters and berms that have altered the contours of the lawns. Since most of the property is shaded native plants and shade tolerant specimen plants are featured. Garden ornaments include pedigreed statues, antique urns, birdbaths, boot scrapers and gates. Formal garden borders near the house in the room named Jessica's garden for its designer contain more colorful and sun-loving plants, including delphinium, peony, phlox, lilac, hydrangea and butterfly bush. For the owners these lyrical gardens are a retreat they liken to medieval gardens where man imposed rationality and beauty in a small part of the chaotic world.
Persons associated with the garden include Mr. and Mrs. S. Bonsal White (former owners, 1950's); Mr. and Mrs. A.B. Krongard (former owners, 1960's); Mr. and Mrs. John Lalley (former owners, 1970's); Charles M. Ness (architect, 1950); James A. Snead (architect, circa 1995-1998).
Related Materials:
Brightside related holdings consist of 1 folder (22 digital images)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Maryland -- Owings Mills  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File MD366
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Maryland
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6b2572ff5-35fd-477d-8816-6405273eda3f
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref14150

Brookline -- Holm Lea

Former owner:
Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927  Search this
Lee, Thomas  Search this
Gardener:
Sander, Charles  Search this
Provenance:
Chestnut Hill Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Holm Lea (Brookline, Massachusetts)
United States of America -- Massachusetts -- Norfolk County -- Brookline
Scope and Contents:
The folders include worksheets and several photocopies of articles about the garden.
General:
Established in 1869, this now mostly vanished garden was the 150-acre estate of Harvard professor and Arnold Arboretum director Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-1927). An amalgamation of several older holdings, Holm Lea was noted for its size, the variety of its trees and shrubs, its broad expanses of lawn and meadow, and its vistas and natural woods. As noted by Andrew Jackson Downing in the second edition of his work on landscape gardening published in 1844, much of the groundwork was laid by Thomas Lee, an owner prior to Sargent, who planted trees and shrubs such as rhododendron and kalmia. By the early 1900s the garden's collection of these plants was considered to be outstanding. A later writer noted that Holm Lea "is the most inspiring estate in the United States and the best specimen of landscape-gardening in America because every department of country life is here represented in due proportion without extravagance or faddism, and all are blended into a beautiful and useful picture which is nothing short of exquisite." Among Holm Lea's other features were a rock garden, a pond, and a small herd of cows that added to the picturesque aspect of the landscape. Charles Sander, Holm Lea's gardener for more than 30 years, was a recognized plantsman and Massachusetts Horticultural Society award winner. Although the estate was subdivided after Sargent's death, elements of the garden, including the now algae-choked pond and overgrown rock garden, still survived in the 1990s.
Persons associated with the garden include: Thomas Lee (former owner, ca. 1825-ca. 1864); Charles Sprague Sargent (former owner, 1869-1927); and Charles Sander (gardener, 1875-ca. 1910).
In addition to the 41 original images, there are 16 additional black and white 35 mm. slides, copies of photographs in The Public Library of Brookline, 361 Washington Street, Brookline, MA 024445.
Related Materials:
Holm Lea related holdings consist of 4 folders (41 35 mm. slides, glass slides, photoprints, and photonegatives)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Massachusetts -- Brookline  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File MA031
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Massachusetts
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6a9530940-77b7-4edf-b9cb-584145d647de
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref17568

West Hartford -- Hyland-Schutz Garden

Former owner:
Schutz, Robert Hutchins, 1865-1948  Search this
Schutz, Robert Hutchins Jr., 1903-1991  Search this
Architect:
Schutz, Robert Hutchins Jr., 1903-1991  Search this
Platt, Charles A. (Charles Adams), 1861-1933  Search this
Landscape architect:
Platt, Charles A. (Charles Adams), 1861-1933  Search this
Landscape designer:
Stevenson, Katharine M., d. 1999  Search this
Canning-Malley, Jacqueline  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Hyland-Schutz Garden (West Hartford, Connecticut)
United States of America -- Connecticut -- Hartford County -- West Hartford
Scope and Contents:
The folders include worksheets, site plans, planting lists, a detailed history of the property, and extensive documentation of garden ornamentation and furniture.
General:
The Hyland-Schutz Garden was originally designed by architect Charles Adams Platt in 1908 to complement the home he designed in 1907 for the Hartford, Connecticut businessman, Robert H. Schutz. Designed with a focus upon geometry and proportion, the Georgian brick house is reminiscent of colonial Tidewater mansions in Virginia. Reflecting Platt's belief that a building should be well connected to its site, the geometry of the home is mirrored in the formal rectilinear beds of the corresponding garden design.
The garden design offers a contrast between the natural area to the south with undulating borders, and the formal hedged garden to the west with a stately columned loggia overlooking it. The original formal garden was a square split into four quadrants, each bordered in Japanese barberry hedges. The formal quadrants were replaced during a 1964 renovation which included the construction of a garage that now serves as the northern border of the west garden. At that time the property was owned by the son of the original owner, architect Robert H. Schutz Jr., who designed the garage and garden renovations. In 2009 a brick-walled garden room was added to the east of the house, built by the current owner to commemorate of his 60th birthday.
Many of the plants listed in the original design still exist, though the current owners have also added numerous plants in every section of the property since its purchase in 2003. The west garden, as designed by Robert Schutz Jr., now features a lawn enclosed by flowerbeds and boxwood hedges. The east walled garden, built of salvaged bricks from various historic sites, includes Alyce boxwood which surrounds a pair of flowering callery pear trees, and four dwarf Albert spruce that anchor the corners.
The Notable Trees Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society has identified several trees worthy of note at the Hyland-Schutz property, though many of the trees were badly damaged during a severe snowstorm in October 2011. Other special specimens include a stand of heirloom lilacs transplanted in the early 1900's from the home of the original owners' parents. Climbing hydrangeas on the south façade flank the loggia and embellish the north brick wall at the east end of the house. Purple wisteria planted in 1908 festoons the west loggia and white wisteria adorns the garage.
As a setting for social occasions, a Garden Club of Hartford member and president was married in the formal garden in 1968 and the property has been included consistently in the annual House and Garden Tour sponsored by the Hartford Art School Auxiliary. The current owners have used the garden as a setting to entertain numerous museum trustees, artists and collectors; and the house has been owned by two museum directors, including a former director of the Wadsworth Athenaeum and a director of the New Britain Museum of American Art.
This garden was originally documented as part of a 1992 donation to the Archives of American Gardens. At that time it was listed as the Schutz Garden, included in the Garden Club of America's Slide Library of Notable American Parks and Gardens. An update of the garden documentation was provided in 2012.
Persons associated with the property include: Robert H. Schutz (former owner, 1907-1948); Robert H. Schutz, Jr. (former owner, 1948-1991, architect, ca. 1949); University of Hartford (former owner, 1992-1994); Wilson W. Jr. & Jacqueline A. Wyatt (former owners, 1994-1995); Michael T. & Mary M. Dorsey (former owners, 1995-1997); Peter C. & Mary Lynn Sutton (former owners, 1997-2003); Charles Adams Platt (architect, 1907-1908); Katharine M. Stevenson (landscape designer, 1949); Jacqueline Canning-Malley (landscape designer, dates unknown);
Related Materials:
Hyland-Schutz Garden related holdings consist of 2 folders (25 35 mm slides (photographs); 22 digital images)
Additional materials are also located in the Connecticut Historical Society in Hartford, CT; and as part of the Platt Collection at the Avery Library of Columbia University.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Connecticut -- West Hartford  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File CT118
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Connecticut
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb62b03efa1-c48d-410b-8d60-eb14b1866905
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref21664

Atlanta -- Swan House

Former owner:
Inman, Edward H.  Search this
Inman, Edward H., Mrs.  Search this
Architect:
Shutze, Philip T.  Search this
Photographer:
Weller, Eleanor C.  Search this
Landscape architect:
Tunnell, Spencer, II  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Swan House (Atlanta, Ga.)
United States of America -- Georgia -- Atlanta
Scope and Contents:
"The Tullie Smith House is located on the same grounds. See also the Tullie Smith House, Atlanta, Georgia."

Materials relating to the public gardens located in Altanta, Georgia. The folder includes slide list, brochures, excerpts from publications featuring the gardens, and a description and worksheet completed by a GCA researcher. The gardens are noted for its walled boxwood garden that terminates in twin pairs of fantastic Ionic columns supporting broken pediments. The gardens are owned by the Altanta Historical Society.
General:
"The boxwood garden is located to the south of the house, acting as a cross axis and transition between the facades at the front and rear of the house. There is a dual stylistic nature of Italian themes and filtered through English experience."
"There is a fountain at the center of the cross axis of paths. Urns flank the garden's side entrances, and were decorated with pieces of lava to give it the look of Italian ruins. There are parterres, defined by clay roof tiles, and planted with perennials. The garden paths were made of a buff colored gravel, and the stucco was tinted to make the house appear aged. The gardens were restored to the 1928 design in 1997."
Persons associated with the property include: Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Inman (former owner, 1928 to 1965); Philip T. Shutze (architect, designer, 1928); Eleanor Weller (photographer); Spencer Tunnell, II (landscape architect, 1997).
Related Materials:
Swan House related holdings consist of 1 folder (15 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Georgia -- Atlanta  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File GA066
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Georgia
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6679b574f-3a41-49f3-a1a3-fecfbc3a41b3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref23103

Far Hills -- Kennelston Cottage

Former owner:
Larocque Family  Search this
de Rohan, Nancy  Search this
de Rohan, Charles  Search this
Coneys, Janis  Search this
Coneys, William  Search this
Architect:
Post, William Stone  Search this
Jacobs, Harry Allan  Search this
Schmidt, Mott B., 1889-1977  Search this
Turner, Hiland Hall  Search this
Landscape architect:
Bosenberg, Brian W.  Search this
Garden designer:
Baas, Ania  Search this
Consultant:
Chrobakowa, Christiana  Search this
Property manager:
Lopes, Helder  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
Kennelston Cottage (Far Hills, New Jersey)
United States of America -- New Jersey -- Somerset County -- Far Hills
Scope and Contents:
1 folder, 57 digital images and 1 MP4 media file. The folder includes worksheets and photocopies of articles.
General:
A modest fieldstone circa 1800 farm cottage was enlarged into a 22-room Tudor style mansion during the Country Place era in the early 1900's. That house burned to the ground in 1939 and was rebuilt in 1940 in the same style, with a conservatory and garage wing added by the current owners in 1995. Earlier remaining gardens included a secret garden, courtyard garden, pool garden and overgrown vegetable garden. New garden rooms have been added on the 30 acre property; those nearest the house are more formal and laid out on axial lines while the more distant rooms are casual in style, leading to surrounding woodlands. Starting from the low stone wall along the road there is a circa 1850 cottage and other outbuildings with a cottage garden of roses, hollyhocks, clematis and herbs, a nearby apple orchard with new and historic trees, a wire and post fence covered with climbing hydrangea and a red oak allée. The replanted secret garden has an informal perennial garden entry through an old stone foundation leading to boxwood parterres planted with perennials with lead statues representing spring and fall, and fences draped with climbing roses and autumn clematis. A boxwood hedge screens the secret garden from the house. A crescent shaped azalea garden was added in 2001 centered by an armillary sphere. The formal vegetable and herb potager has eight brick edged vegetable beds, four herb parterres, roses and clematis on the fences, a lilac walk and an all-white scented moon garden. The formal English style two level courtyard garden room has been modified with a new bluestone patio, grass walkways, and more exuberant plantings that include four standard dwarf Serbian spruces, weigela surrounding a curved stone bench, oak leaf hydrangeas and viburnums. The lower terrace has the original pond with a whimsical lead snail fountain and limestone coping.
A less formal hydrangea, fern and hosta garden room was planted in 1997, replacing the remains of an old stone wall. A rhododendron and daylily garden was added soon after, continuing toward the woodland and also replacing stone rubble. Kudzu-covered trees were removed and replaced with mature spruce. The conservatory garden next to the new wing has a spiral brick-lined gravel path terminating in an antique Burmese jar, planted with spring bulbs and boxwood. The original pool installed in the 1960's was positioned so it could not be seen from the house; with the installation of deer fencing a three-season garden could be planted, starting with allium, peonies, and irises in spring, echinacea and lilies in summer, and fall sedums and asters. A semi-circular bird garden room bordered with shrubs features a large feeder under planted with black elephant ears. Following the loss of numerous black locust trees to Hurricane Sandy in 2012 new garden rooms named after the wooden red gate installed in 2016 were planted with spirea, dogwood, winterberries, hydrangea, weigela, and Japanese maples. Another part of the property denuded of trees by the storm has been converted to large irregular swathes of native grasses, also attractive to birds. The English greenhouse built in 1997 is used for winter storage of container plants but also has a shaded terrace for casual dining and a boxwood nursery planted in symmetrical rows. In the center of the front lawn there is an antique sculpture of a pineapple, with dogwood, viburnum, daffodils and daylilies planted on the far side of the circular driveway. The foundation plantings at the house include ground covers, American boxwood, climbing and oak leaf hydrangea, hinoki false cypress and bottlebrush buckeyes.
Persons associated with the garden include Joseph Jr. (1871-1955) and Eleanor Theodora Duer Larocque (1870-1953) and heirs (former owners, 1903-1968); Charles and Nancy de Rohan (former owners, 1968-1974); William and Janis Coneys (former owners, 1974-1994); William Stone Post (1866-1940) (architect, circa 1903); Harry Allan Jacobs (1872-1932) (architect, 1913); Mott Brooshovft Schmidt (1899-1977) (architect, 1940); Hiland Hall Turner (architect, 1995); Brian W. Bosenberg (landscape architect, 1995- ); Ania Baas (garden designer, 1998- ); Christiana Chrobakowa (garden consultant, 2015- ); Helder Lopes (property manager, 2001- )
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- New Jersey -- Far Hills  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File NJ474
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / New Jersey
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6b514544a-9c46-4d43-9423-3002efbd5572
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref32664

Barrington Hills -- Olsen's Woods Walk

Provenance:
Garden Club of Barrington  Search this
Former owner:
Evans, Evan A.  Search this
Evans, Pauline Hart  Search this
Alexander, Bruce  Search this
Pope, Joan Ferris  Search this
Seno, Guy H.  Search this
Seno, Bette A.  Search this
Theissen, G. Willard  Search this
Theissen, Bonita  Search this
Olsen, Eric E.  Search this
Olsen, Margaret G.  Search this
Architect:
Work, Robert G.  Search this
Consultant:
Keppel, Charlie  Search this
Arborist:
Bode, Eric  Search this
Garden design and maintenance:
Olsen, Liz  Search this
Wolfgram, Andrew  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States of America -- Illinois -- Cook County -- Barrington
Olsen's Woods Walk (Barrington Hills, Illinois)
Scope and Contents:
1 folder and 22 digital images.
General:
The red brick Georgian style house was built in 1922 as a country place, gifted along with 60 acres of farmland; in 1991 the house had been restored but the 15-acre property was overgrown with buckthorn and invasive vines. While clearing the land the owners discovered the remains of a 1930's formal garden next to the house and a one-acre spring-fed pond at the perimeter. The first garden they designed and planted, Woods Walk, has meandering paths under a towering canopy of red, bur and white oak, quantities of spring bulbs, part shade flowering shrubs and perennials, fountains, garden art, hidden seating and a tool shed. Long rows of arborvitae and boxwood hedges were planted to create a formal structure for garden rooms that would surround and spread out from the house on ten acres, eventually fenced to keep out deer. There are nine main garden rooms with formal patio gardens outside the house, expansive lawns punctuated with trees, and more casual plantings leading to the woods and the pond. Two massive lion planters anchor the Leo Lion garden that has a flagstone walkway, dwarf evergreens, two weeping birch positioned to form a natural arch, perennials, grasses and ferns. The English Pool garden has a 14-column classical Greek pergola supporting a climbing hydrangea and perennials and annuals chosen for their colorful blossoms. A formal parterre garden terraced beneath one of the patios has red and white roses under a weeping cherry. The garden rooms are entered under arches covered with clematis and other climbing vines; the Gala Garden designed and planted for a hospice benefit is bordered by blue tuteurs with climbing roses and clematis. Other garden structures include an eight-sided gazebo and an ironwork folly with climbing vines.

A Mirror Walk garden is shaded by mature oak with three beds of deciduous azaleas and color coordinated tulips on one side facing beds of shade perennials that include bleeding heart, lobelia, and petasites with banks of hosta around each bed. The Wedding Walk garden has four arches bordered by more casual flower beds chosen to attract butterflies and transition to the natural pond with cattails, Adirondack chairs and a fire pit. A vegetable garden and orchard are located outside the gate cottage or coach house as they were under the original owners. Many of the garden rooms and patio gardens feature planted urns and other containers; even tall columns are topped with flower-filled pots. The voluminous plantings were aided in part by Ball Horticultural Company: from 2004 to 2011 Olsen's Woods Walk was a test garden for as many as 500 flats of perennials and annuals each year that would be evaluated and photographed, with some images appearing in Ball catalogs and other advertisements. Also, the owners hosted many charitable benefits and open days for the Garden Conservancy and other organizations.

Persons associated with the garden include: Evan A. and Pauline Hart Evans (former owners, circa 1922-1950); Bruce Alexander and Joan Ferris Pope (former owners, circa 1959-1971); Guy H. and Bette A. Seno (former owners, circa 1971-1976); G. Willard and Bonita Theissen (former owners, circa 1976-1991); Eric E. and Margaret G. Olsen (former owners, 1991-2018); Robert G. Work (1874-1960) (architect for house and coach house, 1922); Charlie Keppel (tree maintenance, 1991-2018); Eric Bode (arborist, 2007-2018); Liz Olsen and Andrew Wolfgram (garden design and maintenance, 2007-2018).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Illinois -- Barrington Hills  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File IL185
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Illinois
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb60a88b7e5-2fc9-49d7-bc86-21b2e033b2f4
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref32888

Des Moines -- Windover

Provenance:
Des Moines Founders Garden Club  Search this
Former owner:
Clark, Vernon  Search this
Clark, Christine  Search this
Brenton, J. C.  Search this
Landscape architect:
McBroom, Leland  Search this
Howerton, Elizabeth  Search this
Landscape designer:
Heard, Bill  Search this
Garden designer:
Verey, Rosemary  Search this
Photographer:
Wiley, Deborah  Search this
Jones, Kathleen  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States of America -- Iowa -- Polk County -- Des Moines
Windover (Des Moines, Iowa)
Scope and Contents:
This file contains 22 digital images and 1 folder.
General:
This 6.3 acre property, established in 1925, features an English country home and gardens designed to complement its history and architecture. The property features a Rosemary Verey Kitchen Garden named after the garden's designer, a Woodland Garden with wildflowers and sculptures, classic hardscaping in the entrance and courtyard, a boxwood garden, and historical trees. The entrance to the property is marked by brick columns and a carriage light. A arched brick entrance leads to the courtyard garden that features multiple circular motifs constructed of brick and concrete. Landscape architect Elizabeth Howerton was enlisted to design the entrance courtyard. She suggested four large boxwoods at the entrances to the kitchen garden and garage area. In 2007, Crose Lemke built the brick sidewalk on the south side of the house and the owners planted the boxwood garden Howerton designed for either side of the walk. A tulip tree can be viewed from the seating area in the boxwood garden. Beds of large hosta, given to the owners by new garden club acquaintances, surround the house and line the walls. Variegated hosta also surround the open-air porch. The hardscape elements of the Rosemary Verey Kitchen Garden remain from the initial garden plan. These are the brick paving that intersects in the middle of the garden and terminates on three sides with round brick areas, the two Versailles boxes at the east end, the four small boxes at the intersection, and the two wall features. The garden features flowers, vegetables, and herbs, and three serviceberries are planted in the southeast corner.
Persons associated with the garden include: Vernon and Christine Clark (former owners, 1925-1969); John and Eleanor Williams (former owners, 1969-1970); J. C. Brenton (former owner, 1970-2014); Leland A. McBroom (landscape architect, 1925); Bill Heard (landscape designer, 1971); Elizabeth Howerton (landscape architect, 1981-1982); Rosemary Verey (garden designer, 1999-2001).
Related Materials:
This garden is featured in the Sue Rutledge Brenton Archives/Windover.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Iowa -- Des Moines  Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File IA029
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Iowa
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6bc224791-154a-46a3-a870-40354baa4fe9
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref33236

Des Moines -- Better Homes & Gardens Test Garden

Photographer:
Jones, Kathleen  Search this
Wiley, Debora  Search this
Owner:
Meredith Corporation  Search this
Meredith Corporation  Search this
Designer:
Kane, Mark  Search this
Ashe, David  Search this
Beyer, Jamie  Search this
Dahlquist, David  Search this
Architect:
Lewis, Calvin  Search this
Provenance:
Des Moines Founders Garden Club  Search this
Collection Creator:
Garden Club of America  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Digital images
Place:
United States of America -- Iowa -- Polk County -- Des Moines
Better Homes & Gardens Test Garden
Scope and Contents:
26 digital images (2019; 2022) and 1 folder (digital).
General:
Located on a half-acre city block, the Better Homes & Gardens Test Garden is a corporate garden owned by Dotdash Meredith Corporation. It is used as a display garden, a testing ground for plants and garden designs, a venue for corporate events, a meeting place and lunch spot for employees, and a photography studio for magazines, books, and the Better Homes & Gardens website. Garden editor Mark Kane proposed and designed the garden in 1998 to eliminate sending a team from Better Homes & Gardens to remote locations when photographing and testing garden plants and features.

The Test Garden features over 22 distinct sections that showcase how different plants and ideas can add beauty to yards and gardens in different climates and growing conditions, which includes over 2,500 plant varieties. Some of these sections include a rose garden, shade garden, clay garden, meadow, hillside garden, vegetable and herb garden, rock garden, and more. The garden changes every year to test plants and offer fresh ideas. Garden features such as arbors and trellises are replaced with new designs, and plants are replaced with new ones. The perennial garden boasts season-long color because different plants bloom throughout the spring, summer, and fall. More permanently, the garden includes water features such as a pond, stream, and fountain as well as a main center courtyard, deck, garden shed, benches, and limestone-block retaining walls.

Garden file includes handwritten notes by Mark Kane and a history of the test garden location.

Persons and businesses associated with the garden's design: Mark Kane (Better Homes & Gardens Garden Editor and designer, 1998); David Ashe (designer, 1998); Jamie Beyer (designer, 1998); Country Landscapes, Ames, IA (site drainage survey, 1998); David Dahlquist (designer, 1998); Heard Gardens, Des Moines, IA (plant material, 1998); Iowa Outdoor Products, Urbandale, IA (hardscape, 1998); Calvin Lewis (architect and fountain design, 1998); Linda Grieve (plant list, 1998); and Sandra Gerdes (garden manager, dates unknown).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Iowa -- Des Moines  Search this
Cutting gardens  Search this
Herb gardens  Search this
Kitchen gardens  Search this
Meadows  Search this
Rose gardens  Search this
Urban gardens  Search this
Vegetable gardening  Search this
Walled gardens  Search this
Water gardens  Search this
Gardening in the shade  Search this
Genre/Form:
Digital images
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Identifier:
AAG.GCA, File IA033
See more items in:
The Garden Club of America collection
The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Iowa
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb611bec93b-372c-4a2a-949d-c09caa5161ea
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref33312

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