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Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
The Allen Tupper True and True family papers, 1841-1987
Sponsor:
Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.
Three photograph albums made by Victor Mindeleff documenting pueblo architecture, villages, and people. Some photographs, including those published in the Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, were made by Hillers, according to notations on file prints in Bureau of American Ethnology.
Biographical/Historical note:
In the 1880s, Victor Mindeleff (1860-1948) was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology to conduct studies of Pueblo architecture. He hired His brother, Cosmos Mindeleff (1863-1938), to be his assistant. They worked at Zuni, Acoma, and Hopi villages, as well as among the Navajo; at ruins at Kin Tiel, Canyon de Chelly, and Chaco Canyon; and at Etowah Mound in Georgia. Victor Mindeleff left the BAE in 1890 for a career in architecture.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 4362
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Original negatives for some of these photographs held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 14.
Additional Mindeleff photographs can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 24, Photo Lot 28, Photo Lot 40, Photo Lot 78, and the BAE historical negatives.
Victor Mindeleff's manuscript, Origins of Pueblo Architecture (1887), and correspondence describing his fieldwork can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in the records of the Department of Anthropology.
Aditional Mindeleff sketches, plans, and drawings relating to Pueblo architecture held in MS 2138 and MS 2621] in the National Anthropological Archives.
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Sketches and ground plans, also made by Victor Mindeleff or his brother Cosmos, were sent to the Bureau of American Ethnology with these photograph albums. They now form MS 2926 in the National Anthropological Archives.
Photographs made by Victor and Cosmos Mindeleff, possibly as part of their studies of Pueblo architecture. They depict houses and ovens at Pescado, New Mexico, and a Hopi house at Moenkopi, Arizona.
Biographical/Historical note:
In the 1880s, Victor Mindeleff (1860-1948) was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology to conduct studies of Pueblo architecture. He hired His brother, Cosmos Mindeleff (1863-1938), to be his assistant. They worked at Zuni, Acoma, and Hopi villages, as well as among the Navajo; at ruins at Kin Tiel, Canyon de Chelly, and Chaco Canyon; and at Etowah Mound in Georgia.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 83-14
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional Mindeleff photographs can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 4362, Photo Lot 14, Photo Lot 24, Photo Lot 28, Photo Lot 40, Photo Lot 78, and the BAE historical negatives.
Victor Mindeleff's manuscript on the Origin of Pueblo architecture and correspondence describing his fieldwork can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in the records of the Department of Anthropology.
Mindeleff sketches, plans, and drawings relating to Pueblo architecture can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 2138, MS 2926, and MS 2621.
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographs
Maps
Place:
Arizona -- Archeology
New Mexico -- Archeology
Date:
catalogued 1881-1886
Scope and Contents:
Includes original drawings for illustration in Victor Mindeleff, "A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola," BAE-AR 8, 1891.
2621 Mindeleff. Field plans and diagrams of inhabited pueblos and pueblo ruins. Box 1: Folder 1. Prehistoric ruins, not included in BAE-AR 8. Mummy Cave, Canon del Muerto, Verde River, Chaco Canyon, etc. 2. Prehistoric ruins. All included in BAE-AR-8. All are in Tusayan and Cibola provinces. 3-6 Historic Zuni ruins: Kechipawan, Matsaki, Hawikuh, Taaiyalana (scale wrong as published). No plans present for Kiakima, Plate LII in BAE-AR 8.
Folders Modern Zuni pueblos: Nutria, Pescado, Ojo Caliente, Zuni. 7-10. Box 2: Folders Modern Hopi pueblos: Tewa, Oraibi, Moenkopi, Walpi, Sichomovi, 11-17. Mashongnavi, Shumopavi. No original plans present for Walpi, Sichomovi, Shipaulovi. Remainder of box contains architectural drawings prepared for publication in BAE-AR 8 (i.e. not originals) and photographs marked for printer. Unarranged, incomplete set.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2621
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Maps
Citation:
Manuscript 2621, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Watercolor
Prints
Graphite drawings
Photographs
Watercolors
Drawings
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents note:
Mostly images of artifacts, architecture, peoples, and some maps published in various Bureau of American Ethnology publications, particularly the Annual Reports. Most of the line drawings were made by Henry Hobart Nichols, while most of the graphite drawings were possibly created by Edward Schumacher.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 78-51
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional illustrations for various BAE publications can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 133 and in the records of the BAE.
Information on these illustrations and publications can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in the records of the BAE.
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Copy prints
Place:
Pueblo of Laguna (N.M.)
Walnut Canyon National Monument (Ariz.)
Zuni (N.M.)
Date:
1911
Scope and Contents note:
Photographs made by Arthur W. Dow during a trip to Arizona and New Mexico with photographer Alvin L. Coburn. They document the Laguna and Zuni Pueblos and cliff dwellings in Walnut Canyon National Monument.
Biographical/Historical note:
Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922) was a landscape painter, teacher, and printmaker from Ipswich, Massachusetts. Influenced by Ernest Fenollosa, Dow pioneered the use of Japanese art principles in American art. He taught art at Pratt Institute, 1895-1904, and at Teachers College, Columbia University, 1904-1922.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 77-69
Reproduction Note:
Copy prints and negatives made by Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Location of Other Archival Materials:
The Archives of American Art holds the Arthur Wesley Dow Papers and William H. Elsner papers relating to Arthur Wesley Dow.
The Smithsonian American Art Museum holds art by Arthur Dow.
Images of Canyon de Chelly, including cliff dwellings, masonry, overlooks, and a river.
Biographical/Historical note:
Cosmos Mindeleff (1863-1938) started his career as assistant to his brother Victor Mindeleff, who was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology to conduct studies of Pueblo architecture (1880s). In 1882, James Stevenson and the Mindeleffs visited Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto. In later years, Victor and Cosmos Mindeleff continued their research in Canyon de Chelly and Cosmos published the first authoritative archeological map of White House in 1893.
Local Call Number(s):
Photo Lot 2006-21
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional photographs made by Cosmos Mindeleff held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 14, Photo Lot 24, Photo Lot 28, Photo Lot 83-14, and the BAE historical negatives.
Reports and correspondence by Cosmos Mindeleff held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4733, MS 4734, MS 4745, the Herbert William Krieger papers, Department of Anthropology (Manuscript and Pamphlet file), and Bureau of American Ethnology records.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
The Spanish colonials and the Indians of the Southwest shared an affinity for building with adobe. The basic materials used to make it were common to both continents. In addition, it had unique qualities that made it an ideal building material for arid climates. During the day, adobe absorbed the heat of the sun, leaving the house interior much cooler than the outside. As the outside air cooled in the evening, the walls reflected the stored heat into the houses, taking the chill off the night air. Adobe was also an infinitely adaptable construction medium: it could be shaped in many forms to meet a wide range of social, cultural, and physical housing needs.
Most Pueblos were attracted to certain features of the Spanish tradition. They began to mold their own bricks, using the Spanish wooden form. An exception were the Hopi, who until this century held onto their stone and mud-masonry tradition. Nearly all the Pueblo peoples adopted the Spanish fireplace and chimney. Before this, Indian homes had been heated by central fire hearths; smoke exited from the ladder hatch where one entered through the roof. The Indians placed the Spanish-style fireplace in the middle of a wall or at corners where it seemed to blister out above the floor. They also adopted the beehive-shaped outdoor ovens to let their own unleavened corn bread, formerly peeled from a heated stone into parchment-like rolls, rise into baked loaves; these ovens became fixtures of the Pueblo village.
But adobe gave way before the demand for lighter, synthetic building materials. Today's adobe makers are small-scale home builders with a passion for the aesthetics and history of the material as well as its ancient virtues of providing coolness and warmth in their arid land. They have innovated new techniques of brick making and its use, even building solar adobes. Pueblo architectural traditions are very much alive today. When plastering takes place at Hopi villages, it occurs in the old way, especially for the ritual upkeep of their underground kivas.
The 1981 Festival program, supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, included demonstrations of building an adobe house and oven, making adobe bricks, cooking Southwestern Native American foods, and narrative sessions.
Participants:
Joe Paul Concha, 1932-, adobe oven maker and adobe brick maker, Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
Rose Concha, 1932-, adobe oven maker and bread baker, Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
Fedelina Cruz, 1915-2003, adobe plasterer, Taos, New Mexico
David Gutierrez, 1927-, adobe builder, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Eloy Gutierrez, 1928-2007, adobe builder and viga peeler, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Michael Gutierrez, adobe builder and wood carver, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Lawrence Lujan, 1963-, adobe oven maker and adobe brick maker, Taos Pueblo New Mexico
Lorencita Lujan, 1934-, adobe oven maker and bread baker, Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
Crucita Mondragon, 1932-, adobe oven maker and bread baker, Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
Albert D. Parra, 1954-, adobe builder, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albert R. Perez, 1946-, adobe builder, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Hilario Roybal, Jr., 1940-, adobe builder, Silver City, New Mexico
Felipe A. Valdez, 1934-, adobe builder, Fairview, New Mexico
Carmen Romero Velarde, 1928-, adobe fireplace builder, Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico
José Ramon Sanchez, 1943-, adobe maker, Belen, New Mexico
Collection Restrictions:
Access by appointment only. Where a listening copy or viewing copy has been created, this is indicated in the respective inventory; additional materials may be accessible with sufficient advance notice and, in some cases, payment of a processing fee. Older papers are housed at a remote location and may require a minimum of three weeks' advance notice and payment of a retrieval fee. Certain formats such as multi-track audio recordings and EIAJ-1 videoreels (1/2 inch) may not be accessible. Contact the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections at 202-633-7322 or rinzlerarchives@si.edu for additional information.
Collection Rights:
Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1981 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology Search this
Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology Search this
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology Search this
Container:
Box 19
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1904 February 16
Scope and Contents:
Includes "Origins of Pueblo Architecture," by Victor Mindeleff; a letter, Frederick Hodge to William H. Holmes, 2/16/04; a photograph of ruins of old Spanish church at Gran Quivira; and miscellaneous other material.
Collection Restrictions:
Some materials are restricted.
Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology Search this
Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology Search this
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology Search this
Extent:
(1 of 2)
Container:
Box 80
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1897
Scope and Contents:
Includes Victor Mindeleff, "Origin of Pueblo Architecture"; Walter Hough, "The Old Capital of the Southwest [Sante Fe]; Hough, plan for article on food supply of the ancient Hopi of Homolobi; "Bird Carvings of Effigies" (fragment); Walter Fewkes and Walter Hough, "Ruins in Gila Valley : Solomonsville", 1897; and Otis T. Mason, untitled article on pueblos.
Collection Restrictions:
Some materials are restricted.
Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
grant award for proposal, "Description & Conservation of Documents on Historic Period Pueblo Architecture"
Collection Restrictions:
Files containing Sturtevant's students' grades have been restricted, as have his students' and colleagues' grant and fellowships applications. Restricted files were separated and placed at the end of their respective series in boxes 87, 264, 322, 389-394, 435-436, 448, 468, and 483. For preservation reasons, his computer files are also restricted. Seminole sound recordings are restricted. Access to the William C. Sturtevant Papers requires an apointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
William C. Sturtevant papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
The papers of William C. Sturtevant were processed with the assistance of a Wenner-Gren Foundation Historical Archives Program grant awarded to Dr. Ives Goddard. Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
Files containing Sturtevant's students' grades have been restricted, as have his students' and colleagues' grant and fellowships applications. Restricted files were separated and placed at the end of their respective series in boxes 87, 264, 322, 389-394, 435-436, 448, 468, and 483. For preservation reasons, his computer files are also restricted. Seminole sound recordings are restricted. Access to the William C. Sturtevant Papers requires an apointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
William C. Sturtevant papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
The papers of William C. Sturtevant were processed with the assistance of a Wenner-Gren Foundation Historical Archives Program grant awarded to Dr. Ives Goddard. Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
No restrictions. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by the Smithsonian Institution Archives. Contact SIA Reference Staff for further information (email photos@si.edu)
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution Archives
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_arc_367115
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