Introduction: Quakers, slavery, and the "peaceable kingdom" -- Quaker gradualists and the challenge of abolitionism -- Slavery, religious liberty, and the "political" abolitionism of the Indiana Anti-Slavery Friends -- Friends and the "children of Africa" : Quaker abolitionists confront the Negro pew -- "Progressive" Friends and the government of God -- Quaker pacifism and civil disobedience in the antebellum period -- Conclusion: "Fighting Quakers," abolitionists, and the Civil War