Introduction: Anthropology and the government of "natives," a comparative approach / Benoît de L'Estoile, Federico Neiburg, and Lygia Sigaud -- Rationalizing colonial domination? : anthropology and native policy in French-ruled Africa / Benoît de L'Estoile -- "The good-hearted Portuguese people" : anthropology of nation, anthropology of empire / Omar Ribeiro Thomaz -- Vichy France and the end of scientific folklore (1937-1954) / Florence Weber -- From nation to empire : war and national character studies in the United States / Federico Neiburg and Marcio Goldman -- Anthropology at the end of empire : the rise and fall of the colonial Social Sciences Research Council, 1944-1962 / David Mills -- Bordering on anthropology : dialectics of a national tradition in Mexico / Claudio Lomnitz -- Indigenism in Brazil : the international migration of state policies / Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima -- The anthropologist as expert : Brazilian ethnology between indianism and indigenism / João Pacheco de Oliveira -- Anthropology, development, and nongovernmental organizations in Latin America / Jorge F. Pantaleón -- The ethnologist and the architect : a postcolonial experiment in the French Pacific / Alban Bensa -- "Today we have naming of parts" : the work of anthropologists in southern Africa / Adam Kuper