FROM DEROGATORY TO CRITICAL TERM: From primitives to persons -- ANIMIST CASE STUDIES: Ojibwa / Ojibwe language -- Maori arts -- Aboriginal law and land -- Eco-pagan activism -- ANIMIST ISSUES: Signs of life and personhood -- Death -- Spirits, powers, creators and souls -- Shamans -- Cannibalism -- Totems -- Elders and ethics -- ANIMISM'S CHALLENGES: Environmentalisms -- Consciousness -- Philosophers and persons -- Recognizing modernity and animism