Introduction: The Case of Saint Domingue -- pt. I. Eighteenth-Century Saint Domingue: The Old Regime in the Tropics -- 1. Material Factors -- 2. Historical Development -- 3. Population and Sociology -- 4. Industry and Economy -- 5. The Urban Context -- pt. II. Science in a New World Setting -- 6. Missionary Naturalists -- 7. Expeditions to Saint Domingue -- 8. Medicine and Medical Administration -- 9. Economic Botany and Animal Economy -- 10. Meteorology and Popular Science -- pt. III. The Cercle Des Philadelphes (1784-1792) -- 11. Origins: Science or Freemasonry? -- 12. Milestones on the Road to Recognition -- 13. On to Letters Patent -- 14. Profile of an Institution -- 15. The Fall of the Societe Royale of Cap Francois. Conclusions: Science and Colonial Development