Ernest Rutherford: discovery of the nucleus -- Ernest Rutherford: radioactivity -- Max Planck: pursuit of an "absolute," the entropy law -- Max Planck: the quantum theory -- Albert Einstein: work of 1905 -- Niels Bohr: early quantum theory of the atom -- Niels Bohr: early days of atomic physics -- Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and Bohr's institute -- An introduction to modern quantum theory -- Creation of quantum mechanics -- Interpretation of quantum mechanics -- Albert Einstein: the general theory of relativity -- The debate between Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein -- Afterward