Introduction: body, science, and difference in the gym -- "Who is that woman?": female physical educators, 1890s-1940s -- Active womanhood and the science of sex differences, 1890s-1940s -- Gym periods and monthly periods, 1900-1940 -- Gender, race, and equity: Howard University and the University of Nebraska -- "The joy of hard play": competitive activities for college women, 1920s-1950s -- Separate and unequal: the public schools of Washington, D.C., 1890s-1950s -- "It's just the gym": female physical educators, 1950-2005 -- Physical fairness: science, feminism, and sex differences, 1950-2005 -- Exercising caution: physical activity and reproductive health, 1940-2005 -- Conclusion: justice in the gym
