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Catalog Data

Artist:
John Christen Johansen, 25 Nov 1876 - 23 Jun 1964  Search this
Sitter:
John Joseph Pershing, 13 Sep 1860 - 15 Jul 1948  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss, 31 Dec 1853 - 9 Nov 1930  Search this
Woodrow Wilson, 28 Dec 1856 - 3 Feb 1924  Search this
Edward Mandell House, 26 Jul 1858 - 28 Mar 1938  Search this
Henry White, 29 May 1850 - 15 Jul 1927  Search this
Robert Lansing, 17 Oct 1864 - 20 Oct 1928  Search this
Medium:
Oil on canvas
Dimensions:
Sight: 176.5 x 162.5cm (69 1/2 x 64")
Frame: 186.7 x 171.8 x 5.7cm (73 1/2 x 67 5/8 x 2 1/4")
Type:
Painting
Date:
1919
Exhibition Label:
The American belief in reform and progress at the beginning of the twentieth century received a severe blow with the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914. Many had taken it as an article of faith that nations no longer had to resort to war to solve differences even though Germany had been perceived as a threat to democratic nations by President Woodrow Wilson and others for years. Wilson clung to the principle of American neutrality, but he was obligated to protect American maritime and commercial interests, which, as the war progressed, were being interfered with by both Germany and Great Britain. Germany’s decision to begin unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917, in retaliation for the British naval blockade, forced Wilson’s hand. On April 2, 1917, he proclaimed that the “world must be made safe for democracy,” and days later Congress passed a declaration of war against Germany.
After the war ended, Danish-born artist John C. Johansen portrayed the treaty-signing ceremonies at Versailles in 1919. The disillusion accompanying the outbreak of World War I, supplanted by the enthusiasm and idealism accompanying America’s entry into the war, returned in the final outcome. The United States and the Allies won, but it was not, as Wilson had proclaimed, the “war to end all wars.” His hope for a lasting peace, protecting the sovereignty of all nations rather than punishing the vanquished, and his vision of a League of Nations did not survive the realities of international politics. Americans turned away from idealism. Prohibition, ratified in the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, is viewed by many historians as the last gasp of early-twentieth-century reform. Many Americans then turned their attention to the more mundane matters of making money, consuming mass-produced goods, and immersing themselves in popular culture. The Roaring Twenties had begun.
Firma del Tratado de Versalles
La fe de los estadounidenses en las reformas y el progreso a principios del siglo XX recibió un duro golpe en 1914 con el estallido de la guerra en Europa. Muchos daban por sentado que las naciones ya no tenían que recurrir a la guerra para resolver desacuerdos, aunque por años el presidente Woodrow Wilson y otros habían considerado a Alemania una amenaza para las naciones democráticas. Wilson se aferraba al principio de neutralidad de Estados Unidos, pero se vio obligado a proteger los intereses marítimos y comerciales que, a medida que avanzaba la guerra, eran afectados tanto por Alemania como por Gran Bretaña. La decisión alemana de comenzar una guerra submarina sin restricciones en febrero de 1917, en respuesta al bloqueo naval británico, forzó a Wilson a tomar medidas. El 2 de abril de 1917 proclamó que debíamos “hacer del mundo un sitio seguro para la democracia”, y pocos días más tarde el Congreso aprobó una declaración de guerra contra Alemania.
Después de la guerra, el artista de origen danés John C. Johansen plasmó la ceremonia de la firma del Tratado de Versalles de 1919. La desilusión que vino con el estallido de la guerra, y que había sido reemplazada por entusiasmo e idealismo a raíz de la entrada de Estados Unidos en el conflicto, regresó al fin y a la postre. Estados Unidos y los Aliados habían triunfado, pero no era, como había proclamado Wilson, la “guerra que pondría fin a todas las guerras”. Su esperanza de una paz duradera, su meta de proteger la soberanía de todas las naciones en vez de castigar a los vencidos y su visión de una Liga de las Naciones no sobrevivieron ante las realidades de la política internacional. Los estadounidenses dieron la espalda al idealismo. La ley seca, ratificada en la 18va enmienda de la Constitución en 1919, es considerada por muchos historiadores como el último aliento de las reformas de principios del siglo XX. Muchos volvieron su atención en ese momento a asuntos más cotidianos, como hacer dinero, consumir bienes de producción masiva y sumergirse en la cultura popular.
Habían llegado los “locos años veinte”.
Provenance:
Gift of an anonymous donor to NCFA through (Mrs. Elizabeth A. Rogerson, Arden Studios, New York) 1926 ; transferred 1965 to NPG.
Topic:
Interior  Search this
Costume\Headgear\Helmet  Search this
Printed Material\Document  Search this
Architecture\Window  Search this
Artwork\Sculpture  Search this
Henry White: Male  Search this
Henry White: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Ambassador  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Male  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Arts and Culture\Literature\Writer  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Arts and Culture\Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\University  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Arts and Culture\Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University president  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Politics and Government\Government official\President of US  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Politics and Government\Government official\Governor\New Jersey  Search this
Woodrow Wilson: Nobel Prize  Search this
Robert Lansing: Male  Search this
Robert Lansing: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Robert Lansing: Politics and Government\Government official\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss: Male  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss: Politics and Government\Diplomat  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\World War I  Search this
Tasker Howard Bliss: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Joint Chiefs of Staff  Search this
John Joseph Pershing: Male  Search this
John Joseph Pershing: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
John Joseph Pershing: Literary awards\Pulitzer Prize  Search this
John Joseph Pershing: Civilian awards\Congressional Gold Medal  Search this
Edward Mandell House: Male  Search this
Edward Mandell House: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Edward Mandell House: Politics and Government\Government official\Public official  Search this
Edward Mandell House: Politics and Government\Government official\Presidential advisor  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; transfer from the Smithsonian American Art Museum; gift of an anonymous donor, 1926
Object number:
NPG.65.83
Restrictions & Rights:
CC0
See more items in:
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Exhibition:
20th Century Americans: 1900-1930 (re-installation 2012)
On View:
NPG, South Gallery 322
Data Source:
National Portrait Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm434267014-1935-48a6-9bb0-b21ab3130d2a
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_NPG.65.83