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Catalog Data

Artist:
Miguel Luciano, born 1972  Search this
Associated Person:
Felícita Méndez, 1916 - 1998  Search this
Medium:
Embroidered leather vest with vintage buttons; Metal vest stand
Type:
Mixed Media
Date:
2011
Exhibition Label:
Felícita Méndez (born Felícita Gómez Martínez) 1916–1998 Juncos, Puerto Rico
Felícita Méndez is an icon of the struggle for school desegregation and racial justice. At age ten, she moved with her family from Puerto Rico to Phoenix, Arizona. They were among the 1,500 Puerto Ricans recruited by the Arizona Cotton Growers Association to pick cotton in the Southwest. In Arizona, half of the workers—including Méndez’s family—led a historic strike against the hidden relocation fees and derelict housing as well as an unannounced salary decrease.
Later, Méndez witnessed discrimination against her own children: Due to their skin color and Latino surname, they were prohibited from attending a school in their local California district. In 1945, she and her husband, Gonzalo Méndez, mobilized families and led the class action lawsuit Méndez v. Westminster against four Los Angeles-area school districts. Their efforts resulted in the desegregation of California’s schools in 1947, paving the way for the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, which ordered the end of segregated schools nationwide.
Felícita Méndez (nacida Felícita Gómez Martínez) 1916–1998 Nacida en Juncos, Puerto Rico
Felícita Méndez es un ícono de la lucha por la justicia racial y la integración de las escuelas. Cuando tenía 10 años, su familia emigró a Phoenix, Arizona, como parte de 1,500 puertorriqueños reclutados por la Asociación de Algodoneros de Arizona para recoger algodón en el suroeste del país. Una vez allí, la mitad de los trabajadores (incluidos los Méndez) hicieron una histórica huelga contra los costos ocultos de reubicación, las terribles condiciones de vivienda y la reducción de salarios sin previo aviso.
Más tarde, Méndez vio que sus hijos también eran víctimas de discriminación: por el color de su piel y el apellido latino, se les prohibió asistir a una escuela en su distrito de California. En 1945, ella y su esposo, Gonzalo Méndez, movilizaron a numerosas familias en una demanda colectiva, Méndez v. Westminster, contra cuatro distritos escolares del área de Los Ángeles. Sus esfuerzos condujeron a la integración de las escuelas de California en 1947, abriendo camino para que en 1954, en el caso Brown v. Junta de Educación, el Tribunal Supremo ordenara acabar con la segregación escolar a nivel nacional.
Topic:
Nature & Environment\Animal  Search this
Weapon\Gun\Rifle  Search this
Artwork\Photograph  Search this
Printed Material\Map  Search this
Symbols & Motifs\Flag  Search this
Weapon\Knife  Search this
Nature & Environment\Animal\Bird\Rooster  Search this
Nature & Environment\Animal\Cat\Panther  Search this
Costume\Jewelry\Pin  Search this
Equipment\Scale  Search this
Symbols & Motifs\Insignia  Search this
Symbols & Motifs\Banner\Political  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; acquisition made possible in part through the Smithsonian Latino Initiatives Pool, administered by the Smithsonian Latino Center
Object number:
NPG.2022.137
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Copyright:
© 2011 Miguel Luciano
See more items in:
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Exhibition:
20th Century Americans: 1960-2000
On View:
NPG, South Gallery 342
Data Source:
National Portrait Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm40836079e-b329-4588-b116-15ef1b6b12c8
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_NPG.2022.137