From card: "Buffalo skin; with horns." Illustrated p. 177 and described on p. 177 and 375 of Gilman, Carolyn. 2003. Lewis and Clark across the divide. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. Identified there as buffalo headdress, 1800's. "Among the Sioux, dream societies were distinct from military societies. The Buffalo Society was a dream society, with membership restricted to those who had had visions of the animal. In their public performances (tatan'k watcipi), they wore headdresses similar to this one. It is made of bison hide and split horns; the beaded rosettes on the forehead band may symbolize the buffalo's eyes." "Catlin also described buffalo headdresses worn in a Mandan buffalo-calling ceremony: Catlin 1995: I:143-45. See also Wissler 1912 for buffalo headdresses associated with societies."
