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Hawks, Francis. Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan, Performed in the Years 1852, 1853, and 1854, Under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, 1856. (2 copies)

Collection Creator:
United Telegraph Workers.  Search this
Western Union Telegraph Company  Search this
Container:
Box 856
Type:
Archival materials
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but Series 11 and films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made to view some of the audiovisual materials. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Western Union Telegraph Company Records
Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 27: Addenda / Addenda for Miscellaneous
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f7f8b42c-3583-42f7-a83c-0313dac701f2
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref12138

Correspondence and envelopes of Philip St. George

Collector:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this
Collection Collector:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this
Collection Donor:
Becker, John M.  Search this
Gay Officers Action League. GOAL  Search this
Heritage of Pride (HOP)  Search this
Rohrbaugh, Richard  Search this
Atlantic States Gay Rodeo Association (ASGRA)  Search this
Collection Creator:
Hirsch, Leonard  Search this
Guest, Barbara  Search this
Barna, Joseph T.  Search this
Guest, Michael E.  Search this
Cruse, Howard, 1944-2019  Search this
Extent:
176 Items
Type:
Archival materials
Letters
Date:
1945 to 1953
Scope and Contents:
These letters are clues to a secret life. This is a series of letters and addressed envelopes sent to Philip St. George (?-1997) of New York City who, from all indications, identified as being a closeted gay man. George's correspondents, who may have also have been gay or bisexual, tell of their experiences in the armed forces after World War II and their life after the war, 1945-1953.
Arrangement:
In Box 84, Folders 1 - 10.
Local Numbers:
AC1146-0000117-01 to AC1146-0000273 (AC Scan)
Restrictions:
Unrestricted research use on site by appointment. Photographs must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
LGBT  Search this
Homosexuality  Search this
Genre/Form:
Letters
Collection Citation:
Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) Collection
Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) Collection / Series 13: St. George, Philip / 13.1: Correspondence and envelopes
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep859ce5d95-b8bb-4f26-8d04-1541e00c1ac2
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1146-ref2773
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Tommasi Ferroni

Artist:
Tommasi Ferroni, Riccardo 1934-2000  Search this
Writer of introduction:
Sciascia, Leonardo  Search this
Host institution:
Galleria il gabbiano (Rome, Italy)  Search this
Author:
Smithsonian Libraries Art and Artist Files Collection  Search this
Issuing body:
Chicago International Art Exposition  Search this
Physical description:
1 volume (12 unnumbered pages) illustrations (some color) 24 cm
Type:
Exhibitions
Exhibition catalogs
Artist files
Date:
1988
20th century
Topic:
Art, Modern  Search this
Call number:
AAF--Tommasi Ferroni, Riccardo
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_744280

American Academy in Rome records

Creator:
American Academy in Rome  Search this
Names:
American Academy in Rome  Search this
American School of Architecture in Rome  Search this
American School of Classical Studies in Rome  Search this
Aldrich, Chester Holmes, 1871-1940  Search this
Boring, William, 1859-1937  Search this
Breck, George, 1863-1920  Search this
Dinsmoor, William B.  Search this
Egbert, J. C. (James Chidester), 1859-1948  Search this
Ely, Theo. N.  Search this
Faulkner, Barry, 1881-1966  Search this
Guernsey, Roscoe  Search this
Hewlett, James Monroe  Search this
Kendall, William M.  Search this
La Farge, C. Grant (Christopher Grant), 1862-1938  Search this
Marquand, Allan, 1853-1924  Search this
McKim, Charles Follen, 1847-1909  Search this
Mead, William Rutherford, 1846-1928  Search this
Millet, Francis Davis, 1846-1912  Search this
Morey, Charles Rufus, 1877-1955  Search this
Mowbray, H. Siddons (Harry Siddons), 1858-1928  Search this
Platt, Charles A. (Charles Adams), 1861-1933  Search this
Pope, John Russell, 1874-1937  Search this
Roberts, Laurance P.  Search this
Smith, James Kellum, 1893-1963  Search this
Stevens, Gorham Phillips, 1876-  Search this
Vedder, Elihu, 1836-1923  Search this
Vitale, Ferrucio, 1875-1933  Search this
Ward, John Quincy Adams, 1830-1910  Search this
Extent:
65.9 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
1855-2012
Summary:
The records of the American Academy in Rome measure 65.9 linear feet and date from 1855 to 2012. The collection documents the history of the institution from its inception in 1894 as the American School of Architecture in Rome, through the end of World War II, and chronicles the contributions the academy has made to America's cultural and intellectual development. Nearly one-half of the collection consists of an unprocessed addition received in 2014 containing records that mostly post-date World War II and include correspondence and subject files of officers and executives based in the New York office of American Academy in Rome.
Scope and Content Note:
The records of the American Academy in Rome measure 65.9 linear feet and date from 1855 to 2012. The collection documents the history of the institution from its inception in 1894 as the American School of Architecture in Rome, through the end of World War II, and chronicles the contributions the academy has made to America's cultural and intellectual development. Nearly one-half of the collection consists of an unprocessed addition received in 2014 containing records that mostly post-date World War II and include correspondence and subject files of officers and executives based in the New York office of American Academy in Rome.

Items predating the 1894 founding of the American School of Architecture in Rome are personal papers and memorabilia of individuals associated with the institution.

Series 1: Predecessor Institutions, is composed of the records of the American School of Architecture in Rome, 1894-1898, and the American School of Classical Studies in Rome, 1895-1913. Records of the American School of Architecture in Rome include records of its Managing Committee, correspondence, financial records, and printed matter. Among the Managing Committee's records are notes and correspondence relative to the founding of the institution, minute books and reports; also, legal documents including records concerning its dissolution prior to being reorganized as the American Academy in Rome. Correspondence is mostly that of Vice President Charles F. McKim who handled administrative matters. Financial records include capital stock certificates, invoices and receipts. Printed matter consists of scholarship competition announcements.

Records of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome include records of its Managing Committee, Committee on Fellowships, publications, printed matter, and treasurers' records. The Managing Committee's records consist of the proposed resolution concerning its merger with the American Academy in Rome. Committee on Fellowship records are comprised of correspondence, reports, and fellowship applications. Publications records include correspondence and invoices. Printed matter includes general information, annual reports of the Managing Committee and Director, annual reports of the Committee on Medieval and Renaissance Studies, fellowship applications and examination questions, and the proposed consolidation agreement. Treasurers' records include the files of Alex. Bell and Willard V. King. Bell's sparse records consist of a budget, receipts for salary payments, an invoice, canceled checks, and correspondence. King's files, while more substantial than those that survive from Bell's tenure, are quite incomplete. They include correspondence, banking records, budgets and financial statements, investment records, invoices, and receipts for salaries and expenses.

Series 2: Board of Trustees Records, is comprised of legal documents, minutes, and reports; records of Trustee committees; records of officers; and records of individual Trustees. Legal documents, 1897-1926 and undated, consist of by-laws and amendments, certificate of incorporation, and constitution and amendments. Minutes and reports of the Board of Trustees, 1897-1947 and 1957, including those of its annual meetings, are carbon copies rather than the official minute books, and are incomplete. Reports of officers are incomplete, as well. Also included are reports of Officers'/Trustees' visits to Rome, and reports of the Director and Secretary in Rome submitted to the Board of Trustees.

Records of Trustee committees, 1905-1946 and undated, consist of reports and/or minutes arranged alphabetically by committee; these, too are incomplete, with many committees represented by a single report. Committees represented are: Building Committee, Carter Memorial Committee, Endowment Committee, Executive Committee, Finance Committee, Library Committee, McKim Memorial Committee, Nominating Committee, Committee on Publications. Committee on the School of Classical Studies records consist of its own minutes and reports, reports of its Advisory Council and the Jury on Classical Fellowships. Committee on the School of Classical Studies also include reports of officers and staff of the School of Classical Studies to the Committee on the School of Classical Studies as follows: Director, Professor in Charge, Annual Professor, Director of the Summer Session, Professor of Archaeology, Curator of the Museum, Editor, Librarian, and Committee on the Welfare of Women Students. Committee on the School of Fine Arts records consist of its own minutes and reports, reports of its Special Committee on the Plan and Expense of a Department of Music in the School of Fine Arts, and report of Fine Arts Program, Triptych Project with the Citizens Committee for the Army and Navy, Inc.; also, reports of officers and staff of the School of Fine Arts to the Committee on the School of Fine Arts as follows: Director, Professor in Charge, Associate in Charge, Annual Professor, Professor in Charge of the Department of Musical Composition. In addition, there are minutes and/or reports of the Committee of Twelve and Subcommittee of Five and the Special Committee on Villa Aurelia.

Records of Officers. 1898-1957 and undated, consist mainly of correspondence files and reports, with large numbers of transcriptions and carbon copies. Included are records of: Presidents Charles F. McKim, William R. Mead, Charles A. Platt, John Russell Pope, and James Kellum Smith; Vice Presidents Theodore N. Ely, George B. McClellan, and Henry James; Secretaries H. Siddons Mowbray (Secretary/Treasurer), Frank D. Millet, C. Grant La Farge, William B. Dinsmoor, and H. Richardson Pratt; and Treasurers William R. Mead, William A. Boring, Leon Fraser, and Lindsay Bradford Office files of President Mead, Secretaries Millet and La Farge, and Treasurer Boring are the most complete; files of other individuals, the Vice Presidents in particular, are often quite sparse.

Records of individual Trustees, 1902-1946 and undated, consist of material relating to official Academy business that was created or maintained by each in his capacity as trustee. (Note: many of these individuals also served as officers or staff of the Academy, and their records documenting those functions will be found in the appropriate series.) Included in this subseries are the records of: Chester H. Aldrich, Gilmore D. Clarke, James C. Egbert, Barry Faulkner, Allan C. Johnson, William M. Kendall, C. Grant La Farge, Edward P. Mellon, Charles Dyer Norton, Charles A. Platt, John Russell Pope, Edward K. Rand, John C. Rolfe, James Kellum Smith, S. Breck Trowbridge, Ferruccio Vitale, John Quincy Adams Ward, Andrew F. West, and William L. Westerman. These records tend to be sparse; files maintained by James C. Egbert, Barry Faulkner, Allan C. Johnson, and Ferruccio Vitale are notable exceptions.

Series 3: New York Office Records, consists of records of staff, rosters, printed matter, photographs, personal papers, Association of Alumni of the American Academy in Rome, and miscellaneous records.

Records of staff, 1919-1950 and undated, include the office files of Executive Secretaries Roscoe Guersney, Meriwether Stuart, and Mary T. Williams; Librarian George K. Boyce; and Endowment Fund Campaign Secretaries Phillilps B. Robinson and Edgar I. Williams.

The rosters, 1895-1939 and undated, are printed forms completed by fellows and students, with occasional attachments (usually correspondence or photographs). Included are the rosters of the School of Fine Arts, School of Classical Studies, and School of Classical Studies Summer Sessions.

Printed matter, 1905-[1981?] and undated, has been classified as Academy produced and produced by others. Items produced by the Academy, 1905-[1981?], include general information including act of incorporation and by-laws, fundraising brochure, constitution, Directory of Fellows and Residents, histories of the institution, newsletter of the Director, and printed items relating to special events. Printed matter specifically relating to the School of Classical Studies includes annual announcements, the consolidation agreement, a directory, fellowship announcements and applications, lecture announcements, newsletters, and brochures about summer sessions. School of Fine Arts printed matter includes annual announcements, concert programs, exhibition checklists and catalogs, fellowship announcements and application forms, history, and newsletters.

Printed matter produced by others, 1905-1940 and undated, consists of three scrapbooks of news clippings and photographs compiled by the American Academy in Rome, extensive clipping files, and articles from miscellaneous publications. All of these items are about the American Academy in Rome, or by or about individuals associated with the institution. Also included is a poster for Leave Courses offered at the Academy for U. S. servicemen.

Photographs, 1891-1941 and undated, are organized into the categories of works of art, people, buildings, places, events, and miscellaneous. Works of art are by visiting students and fellows, Frank D. Millet, collaborative problems, Rome Prize Competitions in Architecture, Rome Prize Competitions in Landscape Architecture, and Prix de Rome Competition exhibitions. Photographs of people are both of individuals and groups; among the groups are summer school students and fellowship winners.

Buildings depicted are American Academy properties. Among them are the "New Building," including interior and exterior construction views; studios; and Villas Aurelia, Mirafiore, and Richardson. Also included is a group of photographs of Academy architecture students measuring buildings in Rome and Florence. Places pictured are views of the Academy property and surrounding areas.

Photographs of events include cricket games, Thanksgiving and Fourth of July dinners, Architectural League exhibition, and inauguration of the Manship Fountain. Miscellaneous photographs are of an architectural drawing for a proposed building.

Personal Papers, Memorabilia, and Ephemera, 1855-1923 an undated, were donated to the American Academy in Rome or otherwise left on its premises. None are official records generated by the institution. Included are: Ernest Lewis' photograph album/scrapbook; Allan Marquand's papers; Charles F. McKim's memorabilia, photographs, printed matter, and artifacts; Charles R. Morey's correspondence; and Elihu Vedder's Bible.

Records of the Association of the Alumni of the American Academy in Rome, 1913-1945 and undated), consist of a small number of scattered records including correspondence, fellows' war/government service information (compiled by Sidney Waugh), membership lists, and a newsletter.

Miscellaneous records, 1899-1926 and undated, are writings and architectural records. Writings consist of published and unpublished manuscript material about the American Academy in Rome and its history, and article by H. Siddons Mowbray advising on ornamentation, and text and illustrations for the Art and Archaeology issue on the Academy. Also included are fragments of unidentified letters. Architectural records [oversize] include property and floor plans of Villas Aurora, Chiaraviglio, Ferrari, and Ludovisi.

Series 4: Rome Office Records, consist of records of staff and personal papers. Records of staff, 1903-1947 and undated, include the office files of Directors H. Siddons Mowbray, George Breck, Jesse Benedict Carter, Gorham Phillips Stevens, James Monroe Hewlett, Chester H. Aldrich, Amey Aldrich [Acting Director, very briefly, perhaps unofficially], Charles R. Morey, and Laurance P. Roberts; and records of two members of the School of Fine Arts faculty, Frank P. Fairbanks, Professor of Fine Arts, and Felix Lamond, Professor of Music. Records of Carter, Stevens, Hewlett, and Aldrich appear to be fairly complete; records of early directors are sparse; those of Morey and Roberts appear to be missing significant portions; and those of Professors Fairbanks and Lamond consist of a few scattered items.

Also surviving are the personal papers of Director Gorham Phillips Stevens, 1912-1931 and undated), consisting of correspondence, financial records, and documentation of professional and charitable activities.

Series 5: Unprocessed Addition to the American Academy in Rome Records was received in 2014 and consists of 31.6 linear feet of the New York office's records for officers, directors, and executives.
Arrangement:
It was obvious that before they came to the Archives of American Art the records had been rearranged more than once, and in such a way that materials from many different departments had been intermingled. In keeping with archival theory and practice, the records were organized to reflect the structure and operation of the institution that created the records, making them more understandable and accessible to a wide variety of researchers.

In general, the records of each officer and staff member are arranged alphabetically, with general correspondence preceding the alphabetical sequence; arrangement within each file is chronological, unless noted otherwise.

Records of the American Academy in Rome are organized into five major series. Each series, except series 5, is divided into several subseries, with the arrangement described in detail in the series descriptions.

Missing Title

Series 1: Predecessor Institutions, 1894-1913 (box 1; 0.88 linear ft.; Reels 5749-5750)

Series 2: Board of Trustees Records, 1897-1957, undated (boxes 1-17, 35, 37; 15.25 linear ft.; Reels 5750-5777)

Series 3: New York Office, 1855-circa 1981, undated (boxes 17-32, 36; 15 linear ft.; 5777-5795)

Series 4: Rome Office, 1903-1943, undated (boxes 32-34; 3 linear ft.; 5795-5800)

Series 5: Unprocessed Addition to the American Academy in Rome Records, 1933-2002 (boxes 35-103; 31.6 linear ft.)
Historical Note:
While in Chicago to advise and work on the fine arts section of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, architects Charles F. McKim, Daniel Burnham, and Richard Howland Hunt, painters John La Farge and Frank Millet, and sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and Daniel Chester French, among others, met regularly. From their collaborative experience and discussions came the idea for an American school for artists in Europe. Charles F. McKim was especially enthusiastic. He strongly believed that collaborative experience should be available to future American artists, and perceived a real need for an American school in Europe--preferably in Rome, the very best place to study art, in his opinion.

By March of the following year, McKim was busy devising plans for the school and persuading like-minded architects and artists to assist. He proposed to finance the school by convincing institutions with traveling scholarships in the arts to send those students to Rome. Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, and the Rotch Scholarship fund readily agreed to the scheme, and in ensuing years many others followed suit. In October, 1894, the American School of Architecture in Rome opened temporary quarters in the Palazzo Torlonia. The school consisted of its Director, Austin Lord, three fellows, and a visiting student; its "library" contained but one volume.

A move to the larger, more suitable Villa Aurora occurred in July 1895. Rent from two subtenants (the newly established American School of Classical Studies in Rome and the British and American Archaeological Society Library in Rome), along with a personal contribution from McKim, made this financially feasible.

The American School of Architecture in Rome was incorporated in the State of New York, 1895, and 10 shares of capital stock were issued. Despite substantial fundraising efforts in Chicago, New York, and Boston, severe financial problems continued. The American School of Classical Studies in Rome vacated the Villa Aurora in 1896--and with it went a sizeable portion of the School of Architecture's income. McKim frequently made up the deficit from his own pocket.

Eventually, it was decided that the American School of Architecture in Rome must be reorganized along the lines of the French Academy and that national sponsorship needed to be obtained through an act of Congress. In June of 1897, the American School of Architecture in Rome voted to dissolve itself and create the American Academy in Rome. The new institution would assume all assets and obligations, fellowships in painting and architecture were to be added to the program, and its Board of Trustees would include architects and artists. The Academy is not a school. Its fellows and visiting students, already professionally trained, go to Rome for further development and for collaboration and association with others. In the words of Director Gorham Phillips Stevens: "The object of the American Academy in Rome is not to afford opportunities for a few individuals to perfect themselves for the practice of their chosen professions. The ideal is to create an atmosphere in which a limited number of carefully selected artists and scholars may develop that synthesis of intellectual culture which will make them worthy to preserve and continue the great traditions of the past in order that the standard of art and literature may be handed on from year to year, constantly strengthened and improved."

Beginning in 1901, bills to make the American Academy in Rome a "national institution" were introduced in Congress on several occasions. A hearing was finally scheduled in 1905, and a revised bill that prohibited government funding and specified that U.S. officials may not be Trustees was signed into law. Serious efforts to create an Endowment Fund and secure better quarters were associated with the movement to obtain status as a national institution. The Academy was successful in meeting all of these objectives. In 1904, the Academy moved to the Villa Mirafiore (also known as Villa Mirafiori), which it soon purchased and renovated. The Endowment Fund raised well over a million dollars. Donors of $100,000 to the Endowment Fund, designated "Founders" of the American Academy in Rome, were: The Carnegie Foundation, Henry C. Frick, Harvard College, Charles F. McKim, J. P. Morgan, Sr., J. P. Morgan, Jr., The Rockefeller Foundation, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., William K. Vanderbilt, and Henry Walters. Other categories of donors were "Incorporators" (a new Act of Incorporation was required at the time the American Academy in Rome was chartered as a national institution) and "Life Members."

The American School of Classical Studies in Rome, which had been established by the Archaeological Society in 1895 and during its first year shared the Villa Aurora with the American School of Architecture in Rome, entered into a consolidation agreement with the American Academy in Rome in 1911. Their merger went into effect on the last day of 1912, and ever since, the American Academy in Rome has consisted of the School of Fine Arts and the School of Classical Studies, administered by a common director. The School of Classical Studies is composed of fellows and visiting scholars who are graduate students, secondary teachers, or professors engaged in research in the areas of archaeology, ancient art, philology, and humanistic studies. Women were a part of the School of Classical Studies from its beginning, but were not permitted to participate in the School of Fine Arts until well after World War II. Beginning in 1923, the School of Classical Studies instituted Summer Sessions which appealed to secondary teachers, and attracted an enrollment that was largely female.

Originally, the School of Fine Arts offered fellowships in architecture, painting, and sculpture. Fellowships in landscape architecture were added in 1915; in 1920, a Department of Music was established, and along with it fellowships in musical composition. Fellowships in art history were established in 1947. Unmarried men under age 30 were eligible to compete for the fine arts fellowships awarded annually (except for landscape architecture, awarded every third year); the duration of fellowships ranged from one to three years at various points in the institution's history. In residence along with fellows of the American Academy in Rome, might be holders of various traveling scholarships: the McKim Fellowship, the Columbia Traveling Scholarship, the Perkins Scholarship, the Robinson Traveling Scholarship (Harvard), the Rotch Scholarship, the Julia Appleton Scholarship, the Traveling Scholarship and Stewardson Memorial Scholarship (University of Pennsylvania), the Cresson Scholarship (Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts), the Drexel Institute Traveling Scholarship, the Lazarus Scholarship (Metropolitan Museum of Art), the Lowell Scholarship (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), and the Rinehart Scholarship (Peabody Institute, Baltimore). Visiting students, who remained for a much briefer period than fellows or recipients of various traveling scholarships, were admitted to all lectures and granted use the library, but resided elsewhere. The Academy opened an Atelier in downtown Rome for visiting students in 1927, which operated until financial considerations forced its discontinuation seven years later.

As the merger was being planned, J. P. Morgan, Sr., who was interested in both the American Academy in Rome and the American School of Classical Studies in Rome, began buying properties on the Janiculum, adjacent to Villa Aureilia. Villa Aurelia, built on the summit of the Janiculum in 1650, had been bequeathed to the American Academy in Rome in 1909 by Clara Jessup Heyland. Complications surrounding the gift of Villa Aurelia--including the will being contested by Mrs. Heyland's brother, and problems with unsettled tax assessments--were overcome in the interest of acquiring the outstanding building and its extensive grounds. Not long before his death in 1913, Morgan donated his neighboring land, and the American Academy in Rome continued to expand its Janiculum holdings through purchases and gifts from others. Morgan also agreed to provide a loan for construction of a new building. This building, designed by McKim, Mead, and White and known as the Main Building or Academy Building, opened in 1915; it served as the fellows' residence and work area, and included room for the library, offices, and space for exhibitions and other public events.

During World War I, the American Academy in Rome managed to remain open, although no new fellows arrived during the war years and the number of resident fellows and staff dwindled considerably. Most who remained were involved in some type of civilian war work, often with the Red Cross. In fact, Villa Aurelia was rented by the Red Cross in Italy for office space, and the Main Building was offered as a convalescent hospital, but the war ended before it could be put to that use.

After Italy declared war on the United States in 1941, the American Academy in Rome closed for the remainder of World War II. Those who had been awarded fellowships in classics just prior to the Academy's closing were given the option of using their stipends for study at home or waiting until conditions permitted travel to Rome. A very reduced staff stayed to care for the property and continue library cataloguing, coping with often severe wartime shortages of food and fuel. In addition, there were financial hardships. When bank accounts of enemy aliens were frozen and it was no longer possible to transfer funds from the United States, the Swiss Legation and Vatican arranged for loans to keep the Academy and its staff afloat. Funds that would have been awarded to new fellows during this period were put to use in other ways. In 1943, the American Academy in Rome made a grant to the Citizen's Committee for the Army and Navy, Inc. for competitions to award commissions to artists and art students throughout the country, funding more than 100 triptychs for chapels, as well as murals, medals, and sculpture. Seniors in American colleges and universities were eligible to compete for several scholarships for graduate work in classical studies awarded by the American Academy in Rome.

In 1945, the Academy was the site of Leave Courses on various aspects of Italian culture offered to servicemen. From the end of the war until the Academy reopened at the start of the 1946/47 academic year, G.I. Fellowships were offered to discharged soldiers wishing to study at the Academy, making the institution eligible to receive surplus equipment and rations. During this time intensive planning was underway for administrative changes and new programs.

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1893 -- While in Chicago to collaborate on the fine arts section for the World's Columbian Exposition, architects Charles F. McKim, Daniel Burnham, Richard Howland Hunt, painters John La Farge, and Sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and Daniel Chester French, among others, met regularly and from their collaborative experience and discussions came the idea for an American school in Europe.

1894 -- American School of Architecture in Rome opened in temporary quarters at the Palazzo Torlonia with Austin Lord, Director, three fellows, and a visiting student.

1895 -- Villa Aurora leased with 2 subtenants, the American School of Classical Studies and the British and American Archaeological Society Library in Rome American School of Architecture incorporated and 10 shares of capital stock issued (2 each to McKim and Hunt, and 1 to Burnham, Kendall, Schermerhorn, Boring, Garland, and Dill) McKim visits Rome.

1896 -- Metropolitan Museum of Art, administrator of Jacob H. Lazarus Scholarship for the study of mural painting, agrees to send the winner to Rome American School of Classical Studies in Rome vacates Villa Aurora.

1897 -- American School of Architecture in Rome dissolved and reorganized as the American Academy in Rome; the assets (including the lease on Villa Aurora) of the American School of Architecture in Rome were transferred and its program expanded to include fellowships in painting and sculpture Samuel A. B. Abbott appointed first Director Rome Prize discontinued (for 9 years) due to lack of funds.

1898 -- Incorporated in New York State; trustees begin to focus on raising an endowment.

1904 -- Move to Villa Mirafiore (also known as Villa Mirafiori); occupied until 1914.

1905 -- Chartered by the Congress of the United States; a bill signed by President Roosevelt made the American Academy in Rome a national institution (receiving no government funding and barring U.S. officials from acting as Trustees).

1906 -- Purchase of Villa Mirafiore finalized; renovations begun.

1909 -- Villa Aurelia bequeathed to the Academy by Clara Jessup Heyland (used until 1932); there were protracted problems surrounding the acquisition of the property including a brother who contested the will and unsettled taxes.

1911 -- School of Classical Studies in Rome (established by the Archaeological Institute of America in 1895) and the American Academy in Rome announce their consolidation [the merger became effective on the final day of 1912].

1912 -- Lands on the Janiculum adjacent to Villa Aurelia, recently acquired by J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr., transferred to the American Academy in Rome.

1913 -- American Academy in Rome now consists of the School of Fine Arts and the School of Classical Studies. New York office moves to the Architect's Building, 101 Park Ave., remaining at this location until 1973. By this date, largely through the generosity of J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr., nearly all of the land bounded by Via Angelo Masina, Via Giacomo Medici, Via Pietro Riselli, and the Aurelian Wall on the Janiculum had been purchased and many improvements made to the properties near the Villa Aurelia. Construction begins on the new Academy building designed by McKim, Mead, and White and situated on the grounds of Villa Aurelia; financed through a loan from J. Pierpont Morgan, Sr. (after Morgan Sr.'s death, his son offered to cancel the loan at an amount equal to funds raised by the Academy for the purpose).

1915 -- First Fellowship in Landscape Architecture established; opening of new Academy building housing the fellows' residential quarters, work areas, library, offices, and spaces for public programs.

1917 -- Villa Aurelia rented to the Red Cross for office space, and the new Main building was slated to become a convalescent hospital, but the war ended before it could be put to use.

1919 -- New York office reorganized by Roscoe Guernsey, executive secretary; sale of Villa Mirafiore; Academic Council established in Rome.

1920 -- Department of Music and Fellowship in Musical Composition established.

1923 -- School of Classical Studies establishes summer sessions, largely attended by teachers.

1926 -- Second Fellowship in Landscape Architecture funded by Garden Club of America (later permanently endowed).

1927 -- Academy opens an Atelier in downtown Rome, providing studios for visiting students (operated until 1934).

1929 -- First Thomas Spencer Jerome lecturer appointed.

1941 -- Academy closes for duration of World War II; a skeletal staff remain behind to care for the property and continue library cataloguing; Italy declares war on the United States.

1942 -- After transfer of funds from the U.S. proved impossible and enemy aliens were prohibited from withdrawing their own funds from Italian banks, the Swiss Legation and Vatican offered assistance to the Academy by providing loans.

1943 -- Academy grant to Citizen's Committee for the Army and Navy, Inc., funded hundreds of triptychs; murals, medals, and sculptures also commissioned Academy awards scholarships in classical studies at American colleges and universities.

1945 -- "Leave courses," held at the Academy, consisting mainly of lectures by distinguished scholars still in Rome, instituted for U.S. servicemen.

1946 -- Regular program resumes at the start of the academic year.

1947 -- Fellowship in the History of Art established.

1965 -- Loan of printed matter for microfilming by the Archives of American Art (reels ITRO 2-3 and 11-13).

1973 -- New York office moves to American Federation of Arts building, 41 East 65th St. (until 1993).

1982 -- Gift of New York office records to the Archives of American Art.

1990 -- Gift of Rome office records to the Archives of American Art.

1993 -- New York office moves to Metropolitan Club, 7 East 60th St.
Related Material:
Papers of a number of former fellows, trustees, and other individuals associated with the American Academy in Rome are among the holdings of the Archives of American Art.

Chaloner Prize Foundation records, 1915-1974 (microfilm reels 5664-5669) were received with the American Academy in Rome records. They have been arranged and described as a separate collection.

Valentine, Lucia and Alan Valentine. The American Academy in Rome, 1894-1969. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1973.
Separated Material:
The Archives of American Art also holds microfilm of material lent for microfilming (reels ITRO 2-3, and ITRO 11-13) including annual reports, exhibition catalogues, a history of the American Academy in Rome, the American Academy in Rome at the World's Fair, and the Golden Gate Exposition and newsletter. Loaned materials were returned to the lender and can be found at the American Academy in Rome, Italy. This material is not described in the collection container inventory.
Provenance:
The material on reels ITRO 2-3 and ITRO 11-13 were lent to the Archives of American Art for microfilming by the American Academy in Rome in 1965. Records of predecessor institutions, the Board of Trustees, and the New York office, including photographs and personal papers, were donated in 1982 by the Academy president, Calvin G. Rand. In 1990, Rand also gifted the Rome office records and the personal documents of Gorham Phillips Stevens. An addition of New York office records was donated in 2014 by the Academy director, Adele Chatfield-Taylor.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. research center. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Topic:
Architecture -- Study and teaching  Search this
Architecture, Classical -- Study and teaching  Search this
Art -- Study and teaching  Search this
Art schools -- Italy -- Rome  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
American Academy in Rome records, 1855-2012. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
AAA.ameracar
See more items in:
American Academy in Rome records
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9eb425e5a-26de-478b-8ecc-8a9006e9dc52
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-ameracar
Online Media:

Vacuum Tube, Space Surveillance Fence

Manufacturer:
RCA  Search this
Materials:
Non-Magnetic White Metal
Copper Alloy
Ferrous Alloy
Ink
Paint
Dimensions:
3-D (Overall): 16.5 × 27.9cm, 7.3kg (6 1/2 × 11 in., 16lb.)
Type:
EQUIPMENT-Electronics
Country of Origin:
United States of America
Credit Line:
Transferred from the United States Air Force
Inventory Number:
A20181525000
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
See more items in:
National Air and Space Museum Collection
Data Source:
National Air and Space Museum
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9d418be5c-fc15-4ff6-a59b-ffee82d5e1c5
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nasm_A20181525000

George Leslie Stout papers, 1855, 1897-1978

Creator:
Stout, George L. (George Leslie)  Search this
Subject:
Sachs, Paul J. (Paul Joseph)  Search this
Gardner, G. Peabody (George Peabody)  Search this
Ivins, William Mills  Search this
Marceau, Henri  Search this
Hall, Ardelia Ripley  Search this
Howe, Thomas Carr  Search this
Sizer, Theodore  Search this
Buck, Richard D.  Search this
Warner, Langdon (1881-1955)  Search this
Constable, W. G. (William George)  Search this
Moore, Lamont  Search this
Worcester Art Museum  Search this
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum  Search this
Allied Forces. Supreme Headquarters. Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Section  Search this
Fogg Art Museum  Search this
Type:
Photographs
Sketches
Sketchbooks
Citation:
George Leslie Stout papers, 1855, 1897-1978. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Museum directors -- United States  Search this
World War, 1939-1945 -- Art and the war  Search this
Art -- Conservation and restoration  Search this
Theme:
Diaries  Search this
Diaries  Search this
Research and writing about art  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)13421
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)211684
AAA_collcode_stougeor
Theme:
Diaries
Diaries
Research and writing about art
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_211684
Online Media:

Tie clip, John F. Kennedy, 1960

Associated person:
Kennedy, John F.  Search this
Physical Description:
metal, yellow (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 1/4 in x 2 in x 1/2 in; .635 cm x 5.08 cm x 1.27 cm
Object Name:
Pin, Tie
Associated date:
1960
General subject association:
Political Campaigns  Search this
Credit Line:
Ralph E. Becker Collection of Political Americana
ID Number:
PL.227739.1960.N009
Catalog number:
227739.1960.N009
Accession number:
227739
See more items in:
Political and Military History: Political History, Campaign Collection
Government, Politics, and Reform
American Democracy: A Great Leap of Faith
Exhibition:
American Democracy
Exhibition Location:
National Museum of American History
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a3-2ee0-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_508979

Bowl/Dish

Culture/People:
Chilkat Tlingit  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Bowl/Dish
Media/Materials:
Wood, cordage
Techniques:
Carved, bent, laced
Dimensions:
33 x 28 x 15 cm
Object Type:
Food/Beverage Serving
Place:
Alaska; USA
Date created:
circa 1850
Catalog Number:
9/7847
Barcode:
097847.000
See related items:
Chilkat Tlingit
Food/Beverage Serving
On View:
NMAI, Washington DC: Window on Collections, Animals
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws636054db7-ba5d-4864-ad90-d4b63b61c7e2
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105346
Online Media:

Canoe paddle with wolf design

Culture/People:
Tlingit  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Canoe paddle with wolf design
Media/Materials:
Yellow cedar, paint
Techniques:
Carved, painted
Dimensions:
153.5 x 14.4 x 3.5 cm
Object Type:
Watercraft and accessories
Place:
Sitka; Sealaska Native Corporation; Alaska; USA
Archipelago:
Alexander Archipelago
Island Name:
Baranof Island
Date created:
1910-1920
Catalog Number:
9/7850
Barcode:
097850.000
See related items:
Tlingit
Watercraft and accessories
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6322fdfa3-1b1f-4dae-856c-75a4b4b626b7
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105349
Online Media:

Shaman's charm in the form of a killer whale

Culture/People:
Gitxsan (Gitksan)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Shaman's charm in the form of a killer whale
Media/Materials:
Moose antler, abalone/haliotis shell
Techniques:
Carved, incised, inlaid
Dimensions:
16.5 x 7.5 x 2 cm
Object Type:
Ceremonial/Ritual items: Shamanic objects
Native Term:
aatxyasxw
Place:
Skeena River; Kitwanga (Kilwanga, Kitwingach); Kitimat-Stikine Regional District; British Columbia; Canada
Date created:
1840-1860
Catalog Number:
9/7954
Barcode:
097954.000
See related items:
Gitxsan (Gitksan)
Ceremonial/Ritual items: Shamanic objects
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws65b2d5e02-c8bd-4bfc-8d72-7e94cd88ecdb
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105763
Online Media:

Hat with dogfish design

Culture/People:
Haida  Search this
Artist/Maker:
attributed to Isabella Edenshaw (Kwii.aang), Haida, 1858-1926 (weaving) and Charles Edenshaw (Charles Edensaw/Tahaygen/Da.axiigang), Haida, 1839-1920 (painting)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Hat with dogfish design
Media/Materials:
Spruce root, paint
Techniques:
Twined, painted
Dimensions:
41 x 21 cm
Object Type:
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
Place:
Haida Gwaii(Queen Charlotte Islands); North Coast Regional District (Skeena-Queen Charlotte Regional District); British Columbia; Canada
Archipelago:
Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)
Date created:
circa 1890
Catalog Number:
9/8015
Barcode:
098015.000
See related items:
Haida
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
On View:
NMAI, New York, NY: Ancestral Connections, East Wall
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws69ae65be6-8a27-4b76-8366-bd799579e3cf
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105824
Online Media:

Shaman's mask representing an elderly woman of high rank

Culture/People:
Nisga'a (Niska)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Shaman's mask representing an elderly woman of high rank
Media/Materials:
Maple, abalone/haliotis shell, hair, hide, commercially tanned leather, iron alloy, twine/string
Techniques:
Carved, inlaid
Dimensions:
46 x 19.5 cm
Object Type:
Ceremonial/Ritual items: Shamanic objects
Place:
Upper Nass River; Kitimat-Stikine Regional District; British Columbia; Canada
Date created:
circa 1850
Catalog Number:
9/8044
Barcode:
098044.000
See related items:
Nisga'a (Niska)
Ceremonial/Ritual items: Shamanic objects
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws644ec918c-e7f8-41c8-bbd2-4ef540026c31
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105854
Online Media:

Spoon

Culture/People:
Nisga'a (Niska)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Spoon
Media/Materials:
Mountain goat horn, mountain sheep horn, abalone/haliotis shell
Techniques:
Carved, inlaid
Object Type:
Food/Beverage Serving
Place:
Nass River; Kitimat-Stikine Regional District; British Columbia; Canada
Date created:
1865-1880
Catalog Number:
9/8080
Barcode:
098080.000
See related items:
Nisga'a (Niska)
Food/Beverage Serving
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws64304d5aa-20cb-4b24-b1cb-395afa1e2586
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105891
Online Media:

Basket hat

Culture/People:
probably Haida (attributed); said to have been collected from the Tlingit  Search this
Artist/Maker:
attributed to Isabella Edenshaw (Kwii.aang), Haida, 1858-1926 (weaving) and Charles Edenshaw (Charles Edensaw/Tahaygen/Da.axiigang), Haida, 1839-1920 (painting)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Basket hat
Media/Materials:
Spruce root, paint
Techniques:
Twined, painted
Dimensions:
6.70 x 1.80 x 41.00 cm
Object Type:
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
Place:
Alaska; USA
Date created:
circa 1890
Catalog Number:
9/8095
Barcode:
098095.000
See related items:
Haida
Tlingit
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws68e437bf3-57ed-48ec-9834-c1d4dc130312
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_105906
Online Media:

Gambling set

Culture/People:
Nisga'a (Niska)  Search this
Possible collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Presenter/funding source:
James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this
Harmon W. Hendricks (Harmon Washington Hendricks), Non-Indian, 1846-1928  Search this
Object Name:
Gambling set
Media/Materials:
Caribou hide/skin, maple, paint
Techniques:
Carved, painted, sewn
Object Type:
Games, Toys, Gambling
Place:
Upper Nass River; Kitimat-Stikine Regional District; British Columbia; Canada
Catalog Number:
9/8147
Barcode:
098147.000
See related items:
Nisga'a (Niska)
Games, Toys, Gambling
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws645ef1ce4-2e3e-4ecf-bcc4-2760f7ef0019
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_106014
Online Media:

Frontlet headdress with eagle and frog designs

Culture/People:
Haida [Kasaan]  Search this
Collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Object Name:
Frontlet headdress with eagle and frog designs
Media/Materials:
Wood, baleen, abalone/haliotis shell, burlap, ermine skin/fur, wool cloth, cotton cloth, sea lion whiskers, paint
Techniques:
Carved, inlaid, sewn, stitched, painted
Dimensions:
109 x 23 x 37 cm
Object Type:
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
Place:
Prince of Wales Island; Sealaska Native Corporation; Alaska; USA
Archipelago:
Alexander Archipelago
Island Name:
Prince of Wales Island
Date created:
circa 1850
Catalog Number:
10/4581
Barcode:
104581.000
See related items:
Haida [Kasaan]
Clothing/Garments: Headwear and Headdresses
On View:
NMAI, New York, NY: Infinity of Nations, Headdresses
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws630fdcf3e-0f16-4f1b-855f-8fa2f1b5c673
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_112819
Online Media:

Feather/Feathers

Culture/People:
Tahltan  Search this
Collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Object Name:
Feather/Feathers
Media/Materials:
Eagle feather/feathers
Techniques:
Unmodified
Object Type:
Ceremonial/Ritual items
Place:
British Columbia; Canada
Catalog Number:
1/895
Barcode:
010895.000
See related items:
Tahltan
Ceremonial/Ritual items
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6da401efd-626a-4dc1-a621-8cb4db304704
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_11623
Online Media:

Charm/Amulet

Culture/People:
Tahltan  Search this
Collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Object Name:
Charm/Amulet
Media/Materials:
Hide, stone, cotton cloth
Techniques:
Stitched
Object Type:
Personal items
Place:
British Columbia; Canada
Catalog Number:
1/902
Barcode:
010902.000
See related items:
Tahltan
Personal items
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws66c186ce5-6b47-42e8-b509-31942b2b5614
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_11630
Online Media:

Sewing kit and bag

Culture/People:
Tahltan  Search this
Collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Object Name:
Sewing kit and bag
Media/Materials:
Caribou hide/skin, glass bead/beads, sinew, metal, ivory, stone
Techniques:
Tied, wrapped, edge beaded
Object Type:
Sewing Tools and Equipment
Place:
British Columbia; Canada
Catalog Number:
1/923
Barcode:
010923.000
See related items:
Tahltan
Sewing Tools and Equipment
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6b829e6fc-4e83-429e-a965-47895f844f8b
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_11651
Online Media:

Necklace

Culture/People:
Tahltan  Search this
Collector:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Previous owner:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Seller:
George Thornton Emmons (George T. Emmons/G.T. Emmons), Non-Indian, 1852-1945  Search this
Object Name:
Necklace
Media/Materials:
Bone hairpipe/hairpipes, glass bead/beads, hide thong/babiche
Techniques:
Strung
Object Type:
Adornment/Jewelry
Place:
British Columbia; Canada
Catalog Number:
1/995
Barcode:
010995.000
See related items:
Tahltan
Adornment/Jewelry
Data Source:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6f83cbb83-e199-4633-a7fa-a3afa219af0c
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:NMAI_11809
Online Media:

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