National Congress of American Indians records, 1933-1990 (bulk 1944-1989)
Creator:
National Congress of American Indians
Subject:
Bronson, Ruth Muskrat
Curry, James E. 1907-1972
Deloria, Vine
Harjo, Suzan Shown
McNickle, D'Arcy 1904-1977
Peterson, Helen L
Snake, Reuben 1937-1993
Tonasket, Mel
Trimble, Charles E
Arrow, Inc
National Congress of American Indians
National Tribal Chairmen's Association
United Effort Trust
United States American Indian Policy Review Commission
United States Bureau of Indian Affairs
United States Indian Claims Commission
Physical description:
251 linear feet
Type:
Administrative records
Collection descriptions
Audiotapes
Clippings
Correspondence
Financial records
Photographs
Videotapes
Place:
United States
Date:
1933
1933-1990
bulk 1944-1989
20th century
1934-
Topic:
Alaska Natives--Land tenure
Indians of North America--Civil rights
Indians of North America--Economic conditions
Indians of North America--Government relations
Indians of North America--Legal status, laws, etc
Indians of North America--Politics and government
Indians of North America--Social conditions
Indian termination policy
Radioactive wastes--Management
Trail of Broken Treaties, 1972
Local number:
NMAI.AC.010
Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu)
Notes:
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is a major American Indian advocacy organization, designed to serve as a link between tribal governments and the United States government. NCAI was founded in 1944, in Denver, CO, as a membership organization for "persons of Indian blood." In 1955, group membership was limited to recognized tribes, committees, or bands. The organization is overseen by an Executive Council, which selects a five-member Executive Committee and an Executive Director. The Executive Director is then responsible for managing the organization's staff and overseeing its initiatives and everyday operations. Since 1944, NCAI has held annual conventions in the fall to elect officers and pass resolutions, which become the basis for the organization's policy positions. Beginning in 1977, a mid-year conference in May or June was added to provide further opportunities for in-depth exploration of issues
Since its inauguration, NCAI has worked on a wide variety of issues facing Indians in the US. Some of those issues include voting rights, land claims, education, economic development, natural resource protection and management, nuclear waste, repatriation, and government-to-government relations with the federal government. In 1954, NCAI organized an emergency conference to protest the US government's newly-announced termination policy. NCAI has also frequently worked closely with other Indian organizations, such as the Native American Rights Fund and National Tribal Chairmen's Association, and with various government bodies, such as the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service
Summary:
The NCAI records document the organization's work, particularly that of its office in Washington, DC, and the wide variety of issues faced by American Indians in the twentieth century. The bulk of the material relates to legislation, lobbying, and NCAI's interactions with various governmental bodies. A large segment also concerns the annual conventions and executive council and executive committee meetings. Finally, the records also document the operations of the NCAI, including personnel, financial, and fundraising material. The collection also includes the records of two of NCAI's Executive Directors, Charles E. "Chuck" Trimble (1972-1977) and Suzan Shown Harjo (1984-1989). Included are correspondence, publications, reports, administrative records, photographs, and audio and video recordings
Cite as:
National Congress of American Indians Records, National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
University of California at Los Angeles Department of Anthropology and Sociology
Inter-American Society of Anthropology and Geography
Social Science Research Council Committee on Cross-Cultural Education
American Anthropological Association ethics
Physical description:
48 linear feet
Culture:
Maidu Southern Maidu
American Indian California
Mayo
Yaqui Indians
Quechua
Huichol
Mixe
Cora Indians
Nisenan Indians
Tarascans
Mexican Americans
Indians of North America California
Indians of North America Southwest, New
Type:
Archival materials
Collection descriptions
Place:
Mexico
Peru
Argentina
Date:
1919-1970
Topic:
Markets
Anthropology--applied anthropology
Acta Americana
Notes:
Ralph Leon Beals was trained in anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley under Robert H. Lowie, Edward W. Gifford, and, especially, Alfred Louis Kroeber. After a brief period of work for the National Park Service following graduation, he became an instructor in anthropology at Berkeley and, in 1936, as an anthropologist, joined the Department of Psychology at the University of California at Los Angeles. There he organized the Department of Anthropology and Sociology and served as its chairman in 1941-1948. He was also chairman of the UCLA Department of Anthropology in 1964-1965. In 1969, he became an professor emertius of the university
Beals's research has focused primarily on California, the American Southwest, and Latin America, especially Mexico. In California, he carried out an ethnological survey of the Southern Maidu (Nisenan) during the summer of 1929, working under Kroeber and supported in part by funds from the Bureau of American Ethnology's Cooperative Ethnological Research program. In 1937-1938, he was a member of the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition under the direction of Ansel F. Hall and excavated an archeological site in Cobra Head Wash in Arizona. In 1948-1949, he studied conditions at Hicks Camp, a Mexican settlement in southern California, and in 1945-1955 Beals headed a project for the
United States Department of Justice to study traditional land utilization by California Indians. The study was related to Indian land claims cases
Beals's involvement in Mexico can be traced to a 1918-1919 tramp through Sonora and Sinaloa that included a rather long sojourn with a Mexican family. In his later academic interest in the area, he was at the forefront of a movement of American anthropologists and geographers to fill some of the gaps in the ethnographic and archeological knowledge about northern Mexico, of interest largely because it lay in the way of possible influences passing between the American Southwest and the highly developed cultures of Mesoamerica. In 1930-1932, Beals worked among he Yaqui and Mayo; in 1932, with Elsie Clews Parsons , he worked among the Cora and Huichol found at Tepic, Nayarit; and, in 1933
among the western Mixe of Oaxaca. With these groups and with the tribes of northern Mexico in general, he concerned himself with both the ethnography of contemporary cultures and the reconstruction of the cultures at the time of contact with Whites. Given the current of anthropology of the time, a family background of social concern, his historical interest in cultures with a long history of influence by Europeans, and his witness of rapid change and strong modern economic influences among Indian tribes, Beals came to treat largely with social anthropology, problems of acculturation, and studies useful in applied aspects of anthropology
In 1938, Beals took part with Daniel Rubin de la Borbolla, Alfonso Caso, John Montgomery Cooper, and Alfred Louis Kroeber in planning a multidisciplinary study of the Tarascans, a project which aimed at a comprehensive examination useful in formulating government policies and programs. Under its auspices, Beals and several collaborators and assistants carried out ethnographic and social anthroplogical studies at Cheran. In 1948-1949, he studied the economic systems of the Quechua village of Nayon, Peru, and cultural and social changes accompanying the shift from a subsistence to a marketplace economy. In 1963, he collected kinship data from students at the Institute of Sociology in Buenos Aires, Argentina. In 1965, he began a detaile
study of the large, traditional market system of eastern Oaxaca in Mexico. In this latter work, Beals was assisted by many scholars and students over a five-year period
Beals has had active ties with many organizations concerned with anthropology and the social sciences and to some he has given extraordinary service. During 1942-1943, he was in charge of a program of cooperating in the social sciences between institutions in Latin American and the Smithsonian Institution. In that capacity, he was charged with the establishment of the Inter-American Society for Anthropology and Geography. From 1943-1948, he edited the Society's journal Acta Americana, intially fulfilling official obligations but, after 1944 and his return to teaching, donating his time for the work. He was a collaborator with the Smithsonian's Institute for Social Anthropology in 1944-1951
A member of the Social Science Research Council from 1946-1962, Beals undertook a study on its behalf of conditions in Latin American social science. In 1952. he carried out a project with Norman D. Humphrey for the Council's Committee on Cross-Cultural Education that involved an investigation of the experiences of Mexican students who were studying in the United States. He also served the American Anthropological Association as a member of its executive council from 1947-1949, vice president in 1949, and president in 1950. In 1965, the AAA, concerned with the use of anthropologists by government security agencies, asked Beals to study the ethics involved in anthropological research and related problems that result from government and
and other organizational affiliations. Beals's report, prepared with cooperation from many research scholars, became the basis for the work of the AAA's ethics committee
Beals has had many other organizational ties and responsibilities. He served as technical advisor for the United States delegation to the First Inter-American Indianists Conference at Patzcuarol, Mexico, in 1939; chairman of the Cross-Cultural Education Committee of the Social Science Research council from 1953 to 1960; member of the executive committee of the Society for American Archaeology from 1954 to 1957; and president of the Southwest Anthropological Association in 1958. He also served on several other committees and had editorial duties with the Handbook of Latin American Studies, American Anthropologist, adnNotes on Latin American Studies. He has been honored with several honorary professorhsips at Latin American universities
Summary:
The Beals papers in the National Anthropological Archives include field notes, correspondence, printed materials, copies of historical documents, drafts and final manuscripts of writings, photographs, and cartographic materials. Most relate to research projects and sometimes include materials of colleagues and assistants. Especially notable is the abundant material regarding Oaxaca markets. There are some materials relating to aspects of Beals's career other than his research but they are generally widely distributed throughout the collection. Materials relating to events that happened to occur at the time of certain field work are often interfiled with the material relating to that certain field work
There are also some personal materials included. Conspicuously missing from the papers are notes on Beals's archeological work, which he has retained. There are relatively few materials relating to his teaching career, although some of the letters exchanged with Alfred Louis Kroeber concern the establishment of anthropology at the University of California at Los Angeles; and correspondence with students in the field concerns teaching as well as research activities. A typesript of notes on the Nisenan are at the Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley
Some of the letters concern Elsie Clews Parsons and Carlos Castenada
Cite as:
Ralph Leon Beals Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Gaming provides many benefits to Native American communities / Walking Antelope -- Most Native Americans have not profited from gaming / Jacob Coin -- Casinos help Indians achieve the American Dream / J. David Tovey Jr. -- Casino riches have been managed wisely by the Choctaw / WBUR -- Sudden casino wealth has both benefited and harmed California's Chumash Tribe / Glenn F. Bunting -- Tribes have traded sovereignty rights for casino profits / Tim Giago -- Tribes abuse their sovereign status to avoid government regulation / Jan Golab -- Indian casinos have no obligation to share profits with the government -- Gaming tribes and states need to work together to help all citizens / Susan Masten -- Indian casinos lead to gambling addiction / Candi Cushman -- Indian gaming offers a therapeutic escape to many senior citizens / Dave McKibben -- Casinos hurt local businesses / Jonathan Krutz -- Indian casinos generate crime and corruption / Clara NiiSka -- Christian activists are fighting to stop the creation of more Indian casinos / John W. Kennedy -- Anti-casino groups threaten tribal economics / Tom Wanamaker -- Many Indian gaming opponents are biased against Native Americans / Zoltan Grossman and Debra McNutt
xiv, 387 p., [8] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Minnesota
Date:
2006
C2006
Topic:
Social conditions
Government relations
Contents:
Indian people and their culture -- Shifting governmental relationships -- The tribes and the land -- Tribal governments, sovereignty, and relations with the U.S. government -- State and local relations -- Characteristics of the Indian population of Minnesota -- Natural resources -- Economic development -- Employment patterns and opportunities -- Education -- Social services -- Health -- Housing -- The criminal justice system
Modern tribal development : paths to self-sufficiency and cultural integrity in Indian country / Dean Howard Smith
Author:
Smith, Dean Howard 1958-
Physical description:
xii, 167 p. ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
United States
Date:
2000
C2000
Topic:
Politics and government
Economic conditions
Government relations
Indian reservations
Self-determination, National
Indian business enterprises
Economic development
Contents:
A social compatibility paradigm -- Pre-contact Native American economic activity -- Federal policy results -- A paradigm for economic development -- Cultural integrity and economic development -- Economic development and cultural integrity -- The environment and natural resources: some native ideas -- Managing tribal assets: developing long-term strategic plans -- An example: The Rosebud Sioux Tribe -- A further example: The Fort Belknap Indian Community -- Developing tribal resources -- The pernicious triad: brain drain, dropouts, and joblessness -- Some intermediate thoughts and hopes
The limits of racial domination : plebeian society in colonial Mexico City, 1660-1720 / R. Douglas Cope
Author:
Cope, R. Douglas
Physical description:
xiii, 220 p. ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Mexico
Mexico City
Mexico City (Mexico)
Date:
1994
C1994
Spanish colony, 1540-1810
Topic:
Indians of Mexico--History
Poor--History
History
Race relations
Social conditions
Contents:
1. Race and class in colonial Mexico City, 1521-1660 -- 2. Life among the urban poor : material culture and plebian society -- 3. The significance and ambiguities of "race" -- 4. Plebian race relations -- 5. Patrons and plebians : labor as a system of social control -- 6. The fragility of "success" : upwardly mobile castas in Mexico City -- 7. The riot of 1692
Kill the Indian, save the man : the genocidal impact of American Indian residential schools / by Ward Churchill
Author:
Churchill, Ward
Physical description:
xlix, 158 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
United States
Date:
2004
C2004
Topic:
Off-reservation boarding schools--History
Indian children--Relocation--History
Indian children--Education
Indian children--Social conditions
Government relations
Social policy
Race relations
Contents:
Introduction "That Little Matter of Genocide Revisited: Contours of a Hidden Holocaust in Native North America" / Ward Churchill -- Genocide by Any Other Name: American Indian Residential Schools in Context -- Form and Scope of the Crime -- Genocide in North America -- "To Kill the Indian..." -- Forcing the Transfer of Children -- Destroying the National Pattern of the Oppressed Group -- Imposing the National Pattern of the Oppressor -- The "Slow Death Measure" of Starvation -- "Indirect Killing" by Disease -- The "Slow Death Measure" of Forced Labor -- Torture -- Predation -- Worlds of Pain -- Putting Shape to the Future
A sermon at the execution of Moses Paul, an Indian : who had been guilty of murder, preached at New Haven in America / by Samson Occom, a native Indian, and missionary to the Indians, who was in England in 1776 and 1777 [i.e 1766 and 1767], collecting for the Indian charity schools ; to which is added a short account of the late spread of the Gospel among the Indians ; also observations on the language of the Muhhekaneew Indians, communicated to the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences by Jonathan Edwards, D.D
Mr. Occom's sermon at the execution of Moses Paul
Author:
Occom, Samson 1723-1792
Rippon, John 1751-1836
Subject:
Paul, Moses 1742-1772
Physical description:
iv, [1], 6-24 p. ; 21 cm. (8vo)
Type:
Books
Place:
Connecticut
New Haven
Date:
1788
18th century
Topic:
Sermons, American
Execution sermons
Social conditions
Call number:
E90.P330 O2X 1788
Notes:
First published in 1772
"Advertisement" on verso of t.p. signed by editor: I. Rippon
Endangered peoples of North America : struggles to survive and thrive / edited by Tom Greaves
Author:
Greaves, Thomas C
Physical description:
xviii, 269 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
North America
Date:
2002
Topic:
Ethnic identity
Government relations
Ethnicity
Minorities
Social conditions
Contents:
The Chemehuevis in Nevada and California / Clifford E. Trafzer -- The Crow/Apsaalooke in Montana / John A. Grim and Magdalene Medicine Horse-Moccasin Top -- The eastern Shoshone in Wyoming / Ernest Olson and Brooke Olson -- The Gitx̲san and Witsuwit'en in British Columbia / Antonia Mills -- The Hopi in Arizona / Miguel Vasquez -- The Lummi in Washington state / Kurt Russo -- The Onodowaga (Seneca) in New York state / Robert B. Porter -- The Wanapum of Priest Rapids, Washington / Julia G. Longenecker, Darby C. Stapp, and Angela M. Buck -- African-Americans in the coastal zone of Georgia / Ben G. Blount -- The Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania / Tom Greaves -- The Hmong in Wisconsin / Jo Ann Koltyk -- The Maya in Florida / Allan Burns -- The Sicilian fishing families of Gloucester, Massachusetts / Christopher Dyer
White man's club : schools, race, and the struggle of Indian acculturation / Jacqueline Fear-Segal
Author:
Fear-Segal, Jacqueline
Physical description:
xxiii, 395 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
United States
Date:
2007
C2007
Topic:
Education
Government relations
Social conditions
Education and state--History
Discrimination in education--History
Race relations
Social policy
Contents:
White theories : can the Indian be educated? -- Native views : "a new road for all the Indians" -- Mission schools in the West : precursors of a system -- Samuel Chapman Armstrong : educator of backward races -- Thomas Wildcat Alford : Shawnee educated in two worlds -- Richard Henry Pratt : national universalist -- Carlisle Campus : landscape of race and erasure -- Man-on-the-bandstand : surveillance, concealment, and resistance -- Indian school cemetery : telling remains -- Kesetta : memory and recovery -- Susie Rayos Marmon : storytelling and teaching
Indian metropolis : Native Americans in Chicago, 1945-75 / James B. LaGrand
Author:
LaGrand, James B. 1968-
Physical description:
xii, 284 p., [8] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Illinois
Chicago
Chicago (Ill.)
Date:
2002
C2002
20th century
Topic:
Urban residence
Social conditions
Contents:
Land, labor, and war -- Relocation and its attractions -- Coming to Chicago -- Living and working in the city -- Surviving the city -- A new type of Indian -- New Indians in a new America -- Activists and institutions