Preamble to the Republic: Condolence, Wampum, and the Language of Peace
Creator:
National Museum of the American Indian
Type:
YouTube Videos
Uploaded:
2010-11-23T14:40:23.000Z
Metadata Updated:
2013-04-13T06:34:28.000Z
Topic:
Native Americans
American Indians
YouTube Category:
Education
Views:
850
Video Title:
Preamble to the Republic: Condolence, Wampum, and the Language of Peace
Description:
When the United States was founded in 1789, American Indians had nearly 200 years of experience dealing with Europeans. During those years, Native people offered distinct protocols of diplomacy—ceremonies, forms of address, and material culture—that governed relations with the colonial powers. Benjamin Franklin published the record of treaties where these protocols formed the primary construct of negotiation. The oral traditions surrounding and informing the early protocols continue in living memory through elders and ceremonial cycles of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) longhouses. Their material legacy is found in the record of wampum and wampum belts of archeological, cultural and historical value. At Preamble to the Republic, three representatives from a distinguished traditional family spoke on the history, culture, and meaning of the Great Law of Peace, the clanmother system, and the symbology of the longhouse leadership culture as represented in wampum and other materials. A venerated elder of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, Chief Jake Swamp is an internationally recognized spokesperson for the traditions of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) longhouse. Ceremonially released from duties as a chief of the Wolf Clan after nearly forty years, he continues his activism as president of the Tree of Peace Society, a global peace and environment initiative. His wife, Judy Swamp, is a traditional elder of the Mohawk Nation, and his son, Skahendowaneh Swamp, is an installed speaker of the longhouse, educator, and traditional artist. From July 1, 2010
National Congress of American Indians records, 1933-1990 (bulk 1944-1989)
Creator:
National Congress of American Indians
Subject:
Bronson, Ruth Muskrat
Curry, James E. 1907-1972
Deloria, Vine
Harjo, Suzan Shown
McNickle, D'Arcy 1904-1977
Peterson, Helen L
Snake, Reuben 1937-1993
Tonasket, Mel
Trimble, Charles E
Arrow, Inc
National Congress of American Indians
National Tribal Chairmen's Association
United Effort Trust
United States American Indian Policy Review Commission
United States Bureau of Indian Affairs
United States Indian Claims Commission
Physical description:
251 linear feet
Type:
Administrative records
Collection descriptions
Audiotapes
Clippings
Correspondence
Financial records
Photographs
Videotapes
Place:
United States
Date:
1933
1933-1990
bulk 1944-1989
20th century
1934-
Topic:
Alaska Natives--Land tenure
Indians of North America--Civil rights
Indians of North America--Economic conditions
Indians of North America--Government relations
Indians of North America--Legal status, laws, etc
Indians of North America--Politics and government
Indians of North America--Social conditions
Indian termination policy
Radioactive wastes--Management
Trail of Broken Treaties, 1972
Local number:
NMAI.AC.010
Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu)
Notes:
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is a major American Indian advocacy organization, designed to serve as a link between tribal governments and the United States government. NCAI was founded in 1944, in Denver, CO, as a membership organization for "persons of Indian blood." In 1955, group membership was limited to recognized tribes, committees, or bands. The organization is overseen by an Executive Council, which selects a five-member Executive Committee and an Executive Director. The Executive Director is then responsible for managing the organization's staff and overseeing its initiatives and everyday operations. Since 1944, NCAI has held annual conventions in the fall to elect officers and pass resolutions, which become the basis for the organization's policy positions. Beginning in 1977, a mid-year conference in May or June was added to provide further opportunities for in-depth exploration of issues
Since its inauguration, NCAI has worked on a wide variety of issues facing Indians in the US. Some of those issues include voting rights, land claims, education, economic development, natural resource protection and management, nuclear waste, repatriation, and government-to-government relations with the federal government. In 1954, NCAI organized an emergency conference to protest the US government's newly-announced termination policy. NCAI has also frequently worked closely with other Indian organizations, such as the Native American Rights Fund and National Tribal Chairmen's Association, and with various government bodies, such as the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service
Summary:
The NCAI records document the organization's work, particularly that of its office in Washington, DC, and the wide variety of issues faced by American Indians in the twentieth century. The bulk of the material relates to legislation, lobbying, and NCAI's interactions with various governmental bodies. A large segment also concerns the annual conventions and executive council and executive committee meetings. Finally, the records also document the operations of the NCAI, including personnel, financial, and fundraising material. The collection also includes the records of two of NCAI's Executive Directors, Charles E. "Chuck" Trimble (1972-1977) and Suzan Shown Harjo (1984-1989). Included are correspondence, publications, reports, administrative records, photographs, and audio and video recordings
Cite as:
National Congress of American Indians Records, National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
National Tribal Chairmen's Association records 1971-1978
Creator:
National Tribal Chairmenʹs Association
Youpee, William
Toda, Chinzu
Subject:
United States Indian Health Service
American Indian Movement
Advisory Commission on Intergovernment Relations
Association on American Indian Tradition and Cultural Activities
Physical description:
40 linear feet
Culture:
American Indians legal cases tribal government agriculture
Type:
Sound recordings
Letters
Printed material
Minutes
Lists
Date:
1971-1978
Topic:
Indian-government relations
Indian interest groups
Local number:
NMAI.AC.014
Notes:
Planning for the establishment of the National Tribal Chairmenʹs Association took place in Pierre, North Dakota, in April 1971, and formal organization took place in Albuquerque in July 1971. The organization serves as a voice for elected Indian leaders of federally recognized tribes and promotes American Indian unity, observation of treaty and other rights, preservation of values, and progress in justice, social standing, education, economic well being, and political influence of all Indians of the United States. The organization no longer exists
Summary:
The files are those of the Washington, D.C., office that were acculated primarily under William Youpee. Youpee served as the first president of the association and became its executive director in 1972. There are also files accumulated by Chinzu Toda, a Bureau of Indian Affairs employee who was on loan to the NTCA. In 1978, Kenneth E. Black became the executive director. Material created from 1978 to the end of the NTCA are in private hands
Cite as:
Records of the National Tribal Chairmenʹs Association, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
Engraved woodblock of the "Earliest map showing [the] location of the Cherokees, 1597"
Publisher:
Government Printing Office
Bureau of American Ethnology
Printer:
Government Printing Office
Author:
Royce, Charles C.
Block maker:
J. J. & Co.
Physical Description:
wood (overall material)
engraving (overall production method/technique)
Measurements:
overall: 15.1 cm x 19 cm x 2.3 cm; 5 15/16 in x 7 1/2 in x 7/8 in
Object Name:
block
map
Object Type:
Wood Engraving
Place made:
United States: District of Columbia, Washington
Associated Place:
United States: New York, New York
Date made:
1887
Subject:
Native Americans
Art
Measuring & Mapping
Communications
Cultures & Communities
Science & Mathematics
Wood Blocks for early Bureau of American Ethnology Publications, Graphic Arts Collection
Wood Engravings, Graphic Arts Collection
ID Number:
1980.0219.1531
Catalog number:
1980.0219.1531
Accession number:
1980.0219
Description:
This engraved woodblock of the “Earliest map showing [the] location of the Cherokees, 1597” was prepared by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C.; the image was published as Plate VII (p.128) in an article by Charles Royce (1845-1923) entitled “The Cherokee Nation of Indians: a narrative of their official relations with the colonial and federal governments” in the Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian, 1883-84.
overall: 2.1 cm x 5.2 cm x 2 cm; 13/16 in x 2 1/16 in x 13/16 in
Object Name:
block
Object Type:
Wood Engraving
Place made:
United States: District of Columbia, Washington
Date made:
1888
Subject:
Native Americans
Communications
Cultures & Communities
Science & Mathematics
Art
Wood Blocks for early Bureau of American Ethnology Publications, Graphic Arts Collection
Wood Engravings, Graphic Arts Collection
ID Number:
1980.0219.0504
Accession number:
1980.0219
Catalog number:
1980.0219.0504
Description:
This engraved woodblock of “Basket with pendants” was prepared by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C; the print was published as Figure 313 (p.213) in an article by William H. Holmes (1846-1933) entitled “A Study of the Textile Art in its Relation to the Development of Form and Ornament” in the Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian,1884-85.
Engraved woodblock of a "Basket with pendant buckskin"
Publisher:
Bureau of American Ethnology
Printer:
Government Printing Office
Author:
Holmes, William Henry
Physical Description:
wood (overall material)
engraving (overall production method/technique)
Measurements:
overall: 6.2 cm x 5 cm x 2.3 cm; 2 7/16 in x 1 15/16 in x 7/8 in
Object Name:
block
Object Type:
Wood Engraving
Place made:
United States: District of Columbia, Washington
Date made:
1888
Subject:
Art
Native Americans
Cultures & Communities
Communications
Science & Mathematics
Wood Blocks for early Bureau of American Ethnology Publications, Graphic Arts Collection
Wood Engravings, Graphic Arts Collection
ID Number:
1980.0219.0850
Catalog number:
1980.0219.0850
Accession number:
1980.0219
Description:
This engraved woodblock of a “Basket with pendant buckskin” was prepared by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C.; the image was published as Figure 312 (p.213) in an article by William H. Holmes (1846-1933) entitled “A Study of the Textile Art in its Relation to the Development of Form and Ornament” in the Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian, 1884-85.
Engraved woodblock of hand signs for the letters 'S' through 'Y'
Publisher:
Bureau of American Ethnology
Printer:
Government Printing Office
Author:
Mallery, Garrick
Block maker:
Grottenthaler, V.
Physical Description:
wood (overall material)
engraving (overall production method/technique)
Measurements:
overall: 17.9 cm x 10.2 cm x 2.3 cm; 7 1/16 in x 4 in x 7/8 in
Object Name:
block
Object Type:
Wood Engraving
Place made:
United States: District of Columbia, Washington
Associated Place:
United States: Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Date made:
ca 1880
Subject:
Communications
Art
Native Americans
Cultures & Communities
Science & Mathematics
Wood Blocks for early Bureau of American Ethnology Publications, Graphic Arts Collection
Wood Engravings, Graphic Arts Collection
ID Number:
1980.0219.1368
Catalog number:
1980.0219.1368
Accession number:
1980.0219
Description:
This engraved woodblock shows hand signs for the letters "S" through "Y." The illustration was used in a publication relating to the gesture-signs and signals of the North American Indians by Garrick Mallery; it was prepared and printed by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C. for the Bureau of American Ethnology in about 1880.
Smithsonian Institution Office of Government Relations
Subject:
Adams, Robert McCormick 1926-
West, W. Richard
Abeyta, Pablita
Mims, A. Bradley
Rodgers, Mark W
Alexander Hamilton United States Custom House (New York, N.Y.)
Dulles International Airport
National Museum of the American Indian (U.S.)
United States Congress
National Air and Space Museum (U.S.)
Smithsonian Institution Office of Governmental Relations
All Roads Are Good: Native Voices on Life and Culture (Exhibition) (1994-2000: New York, N.Y.)
Pathways of Tradition: Indian Insights into Indian Worlds (Exhibition) (1992-1993: New York, N.Y.)
This Path We Travel: Celebrations of Contemporary Native American Creativity (Exhibition) (1994-1995: New York, N.Y.)
Physical description:
3 cu. ft. (3 record storage boxes)
Type:
Books
Collection descriptions
Brochures
Clippings
Manuscripts
Maps
Posters
Place:
Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)
National Mall (Washington, D.C.)
Date:
1985
1985-1995
Topic:
Budget process
Budget
Exhibitions
Indians of North America
Legislation
Museum buildings
Museum finance
Local number:
SIA Acc. 95-080
Summary:
These records consist of correspondence between Secretary Robert McC. Adams and various leaders of the United States Congress on matters such as funding for the establishment of the National Museum of the American Indian, the repatriation of Native American Indian artifacts at the National Mall, acquisition of the United States Customs House in New York City for its conversion to a museum, and constructing of new facilities for the National Air and Space Museum near Dulles International Airport. There are also copies of the Secretary's testimony before congressional committees; memoranda between the Secretary and Mark W. Rodgers, Director, Office of Government Relations; memoranda and notes between the Director and his staff, Senior Government Relations Officers, Pablita Abeyta and A. Bradley Mims; and correspondence between the Secretary and Richard West, Director, National Museum of the American Indian. Other records include bound volumes of budget justifications for fiscal years 1992 through 1996, posters and a map showing historical territories of Native Americans, national historical landmarks and parks in the United States, brochures, and newspaper and magazine articles
National Museum of the American Indian (U.S.) Office of the Director
Subject:
West, W. Richard
Physical description:
1 cu. ft. (1 record storage box)
Type:
Brochures
Collection descriptions
Clippings
Manuscripts
Date:
1990
1990-2004
Topic:
Indians of North America--Museums
Museum directors
Museums--Public relations
Local number:
SIA Acc. 12-080
Restrictions:
Restricted for 15 years, until Jan-01-2020; Transferring office; 1/30/1997 memorandum, Sandoval to Johnstone; Contact reference staff for details
Summary:
This accession consists of records documenting the tenure of W. Richard West, Director, 1990-2007. Materials pertain to communications and meetings with external organizations, societies, and museums; government bureaus, agencies, and bodies; and media. Materials include correspondence, memoranda, reports, brochures, and clippings
Alexander Cameron Hunt: Politics and Government\Governor\Colorado
Chief Ouray: Native American\Leader\Chief
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.93.372
Exhibition Label:
This three-part photograph shows eight members of the 1868 Ute delegation to Washington, D.C., standing alongside nine government officials. Because of growing complaints about settlers trespassing on traditional Ute lands, this group came together ostensibly to establish a definable Ute reservation in Colorado. Fourth from the right is Ouray, the individual whom U.S. authorities regarded as the tribe's principal spokesman. Fluent in English and Spanish, Ouray was best able to communicate with federal officials. His close association with Kit Carson-who traveled with the delegation but is not pictured here-and his reputation for being cooperative also made him the person with whom negotiators most wanted to deal. Although he was an important leader, Ouray had no such negotiating authority. Nevertheless, a treaty was signed during the Utes' visit that secured a relatively generous land apportionment. For the remainder of his life, Ouray struggled, often unsuccessfully, to have U.S. authorities honor the terms of this treaty.
George Catlin (1796-1872) was a -portrait painter, miniature painter, and ethnographer, best known for his paintings of the American Indian
Summary:
The collection comprises 2.3 feet of papers concerning George Catlin's creation and promotion of his famed "Indian Gallery" of paintings, drawings, and artifacts of North American Indians. Dating from 1821 through 1904, with one item dated 1946, the papers the papers include letters, notebooks and journals, receipt books and loose receipts, printed materials, and other documentation. The bulk of the collection focuses on Catlin's efforts to promote the sale of his gallery to the United States government through tours, including London and Paris, and petitions to various governments to purchase the Gallery. Among the rare printed catalogs and petitions in the collection are exhibition catalogs for the U.S., London, and Paris tours, the earliest dating from 1837. Letters and other documents include letters dating from the 1830s from Henry Clay, Thomas Sully, and William Henry Seward commending Catlin's work, as well as Catlin family correspondence and papers dating from 1821 through the 1870s
Of particular interest in the collection are letters to and from Catlin, including two written by Catlin during his early travels to the west in the 1830s. Other letters include ones from Henry Clay, John Adams Dix, Ralph Randolph Gurley, James Hall, William Henry Seward, Thomas Sully (illustrated), and Baron Friederich von Humbolt, among others. Most wish Catlin well and offer support in his endeavors to sell his collection
Also found within the collection are several notebooks and notes describing Native American ceremonies, name translations, customs, and other information pertinent to Catlin's catalog, two volume book, and exhibitions of the "Indian Gallery." There are also numerous loose receipts and account and receipt books documenting the 1840s London and Paris venues of the "Indian Gallery" exhibition. The collection also houses printed catalogs for the exhibitions, including a rare 1837 catalog for the first show in New York
Additional materials include certificates of authenticity testifying to the authenticity of Catlin's paintings from life of Native American sitters, announcements relating to exhibition openings, printed memorials and petitions to Congress, printed letters of support, envelopes and name cards, and handwritten tickets to Catlin lectures. Also found are a handwritten journal of Theodore B. Catlin, photogravures of Catlin, obituaries for Catlin, and printed reviews of the exhibitions
Cite as:
George Catlin papers, 1821-1946. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Scrapbook of illustrations and sample engravings ca. 1814-30
Artist:
Lewis, James Otto 1799-1858
Hary, John W
Publisher:
Lucas, Fielding, Jr
Subject:
Key-way-wo-wut
Going Cloud
O-Car-Gee-Wick
Clinton, De Witt
Cobbett, William
Thomson, James
Werner, Goliah
Bainbridge, William
American Fur Company
Physical description:
33 pages
Culture:
Chippewa
Eskimos
Arctic peoples
Indians of North America Subarctic
Indians of North America Northeast
Ojibwa Indians
Type:
Archival materials
Collection descriptions
Place:
Castle Rock (Lake District, England)
Date:
ca 1814-30
Topic:
Doric Rock
Urn burial
Cave Rock
Chippewa
Mortuary customs
Habitations and other structures
American Indian . .
Pipe
Transportation
Bark preparation
Government and politics
Federal-Indian relations
Art, miscellaneous
Eskimos
Fishing
Language and languages--Documentation
Local number:
NAA MS 7135
Notes:
Lucas was an owner of a printing and publishing firm in Baltimore. In 1827, it issued Thomas L. McKenney's A Sketch of a Tour to the Lakes, which was illustrated after drawings by James Otto Lewis
Summary:
Some of the original watercolor and wash drawings are included in the scrapbook, including: Indian canoes, page 200 in McKenney's Sketch; View of the Urn, Lake Superior page 361; Grave of a Chippewa Child on the Island Opposite Fond du Lac (Minnesota) page 305; Cave Rock, South Shore of Lake Superior, page 364; Oblique View of the Doric Rock of Lake Superior (unpublished): Front View of the Doric Rock, page 225; Castle Rock, South Shore, Lake Superior, page 363; View of the Urn, Lake Superior (and the Monument), page 362; Skeleton of a Chippewa Indian's Lodge, page 418; Chippewa Lodge, of poles, covered with birch bark, unpublished; Chippewa Widow, page 292; Key-way-wo-wut, or Going Cloud, page 327, O-Car-Gee-Wick, page 314; Chippewa Chief with His Calumet and Pouch, page 331; Indian Dog Train, page 196; another view of Doric Rock, unpublished; another view of the Urn, unpublished; Front view of American Fur Company's Building, Fond du Lac, Minnesota, page 276, and a view of the gathering for the Treaty of Fond du Lac, 1826, page 311
Also a drawing by John W. Hary (?) showing how Eskimos at Hudson Bay caught fish. Other original, unidentified artwork, a certificate of membership in the Baltimore Beneficial Society, and samples of printing of bank papers are included. There are, in addition, engraved portraits and title pages and illustrations from publications. The portraits include De Witt Clinton, William Cobbett, James Thomson, Goliah Werner, and William Bainbridge. The materials from publications include items from The Chemist and National Recreations, or Holiday Amusements and Robert Stuart's Dictionary of Architecture and A Descriptive History of the Steam Engine (all printed by Knight and Lacy of London); Citizen of the World, Edwin and Anelina; The Works of Robert Bruns, The Works of Thomas Moore, Thackery's Vicar of Wakefield; and other unidentified publications
Cite as:
Manuscript 7135, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Publications of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, January, 1879
Author:
Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (U.S.)
Brouillet, J. B. A (Jean Baptiste Abraham) 1813-1884
Seghers, Charles John 1839-1886
Subject:
Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions (U.S.)
Catholic Church Missions
Physical description:
1 v. (various pagings) ; 23 cm
Type:
Sources
Place:
United States
North America
Date:
1879
Topic:
Catholic schools
Missions
Government relations
Indians, Treatment of--History
Call number:
E98.M6 B95p 1879
Notes:
English and German
Title from cover
Spine title: Publications, 1873-1879
A collection of pamphlets issued by the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions from 1873 to 1879
(cont.) [8.] Annals of the Catholic Indian missions of America [v. 1, no. 1-2; v. 2, no. 1-3 (1877-1879)] -- [9.] Management of the Catholic Indian Bureau of Washington / J.B.A. Brouillet [1878] -- [10.] [An important letter from the Bishop of Vancouver's Island to the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions] / C.J. Seghers [1877] -- [11.] Statuten der zum Besten der Indianer errichteten katholischen Missions-Gesellschaft [1875?]
Contents:
[1.] Circular of the Catholic Commissioner for Indian Missions to the Catholics of the United States [1874] -- [2.] Petition of the Catholic Church for the agency of the Chippewas of Lake Superior [1873] -- [3.] Manual of Catholic Indian missionary associations [1875] -- [4.] Catholic Indian schools and churches, missionaries and teachers, their number and cost of their support [1875?] -- [5.] [Manual of Catholic Indian Missionary Associations] [1875] -- [6.] Official construction of President Grant's Indian Peace Policy [1875?] -- [7.] Report of the Treasurer of the Catholic Indian Mission Fund, from January, 1873, to December 1, 1876 / J.B.A. Brouillet [1876]
Researchers must contact the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection. Contact information below
Notes:
Lawrence "Larry" James Beck (1938-1994) was sculptor and mixed-media artist of Yup'ik descent. Born in Seattle, Washington to a non-Indian father and a Norwegian/Yup'ik mother, Beck originally studied engineering at the University of Washington before turning his attention to art. In 1964 he earned a B.A. in painting, followed by an M.F.A. in 1965
During the late 1960s and 1970s, Beck's work focused on his large scale, abstract pieces and established his reputation as a sculptor. His early works were comprised of found metals and objects assembled in a lyrical but humorous manner. During 1975-1980, he installed projects for Golden Gardens Park in Seattle, Highline Community College and Boeing (King County Airport). He also worked on a piece for the Occidental Park site in Seattle, but due to circumstances of the city it was never installed
In the early 1970s Beck visited the his ancestral homelands on the Alaskan coast and established a connection to Yup'ik culture. In 1973 he started to produce a new series of pieces called "Inukshuk", which is Inuit for sculpture presence. This term was also used for three major commissions that later followed and Beck continued to use Inuit terminology in his work. After the 1980 install of the Boeing sculpture, Beck experienced what he would call his sculpture career crisis. He became disappointed with public art and abandoned sculpture to focus on creating abstract Inuit Inua (spirit) masks. On March 27, 1994, Beck died of a heart attack in his home in Washington
Summary:
The Lawrence James Beck papers contain biographical materials, sculpture portfolios, art shows, notes, sketches and drawings, publications, correspondence and visual material including photos, slides and negatives of Beck's art
Series 1: Biographical and Personal, (undated, 1938-1994), contains resumes, personal articles and articles by Larry's friends, articles of interest to him, notes on his dreams, video tape transcription and notes on 'The Bank', the studio/home that he purchased in 1970 in Conway, Washington. Series 2: Correspondence, (undated, 1966-1994), contains correspondence pertaining to his artwork or shows, correspondence between Larry and family, also includes correspondence with the United States Government, as well as miscellaneous correspondence. Organized alphabetically and then chronologically
Series 3: Sculptures and shows, (undated, 1966-1994), contains art show information and art projects that Larry participated in. Series 4: Sketches, drawings, notes and ideas, (undated), contains handwritten notes on artwork, or ideas of what to produce, drawings of sculptures and various ideas about sculptures. Series 5: Publications, (undated, 1966-1995), contains pamphlets, newsletters, journals and non art related publications that were of interest to Larry
Series 6: Miscellaneous material, (undated), contains invoices of materials and non-art related purchases, shipping material receipts of artwork, resumes from other people and literature on producing sculpture. Series 7: Visual material, contains photographs, negatives and slides. All visual material is organized by influences to Larry's work, his sculptures, Larry's Native American art, family and people, and vacations and travel
Cite as:
Lawrence James Beck papers, 1938-1994, National Museum of the American Indian Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
Researchers must contact the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection. Contact information below
Notes:
Teriananda was born in Manhattan in 1947, where she grew up and has continued to live throughout her adult life. Teriananda's father, born in Brooklyn, became a financial officer and independent scholar; her mother, born in British Guiana (now Guyana), was a classical pianist who immigrated to the United States and later became an editorial assistant, working part-time during Teriananda's childhood. Her parents instilled in her a belief that she was "a citizen of the world." She studed ballet as a youngster, and as a teenager, immersed herself in the artistic and intellectual milieu of the Lower East Side and Greenwich Village. An improperly diagnosed back injury while she was a senior in high school resulted in severe back problems in the 1970s that have persisted throughout her life
Teriananda became interested in indigenous struggles in the 1970s, following a "back crisis" that almost took her life yet proved to be psychically transformative. In seeking to know who she was, she realized she needed to know where she was, and this led her to ask who the original inhabitants of the continent were. She soon became involved in activist struggles for indigenous rights and worked with a number of Native American groups during the 1970s and 1980s, including the International Treaty Council's attempts to found the United Nations permanent Working Group on Indigenous People, support for Yvonne Wanrow and Leonard Peltier, the issue of uranium contamination from mining on Native American land, and the problem of the Joint Land Use Area near Big Mountain on the Hopi and Navajo reservations
Teriananda also worked on issues surrounding the AIDS crisis after the death of several friends from the disease. She had become familiar with the possibilities of natural medicines, partly through contact with traditional Native teachers, and she became active promoting the benefits of nutritional, herbal and other natural therapies to sufferers of AIDS. As Teriananda's own health issues persisted and worsened, she turned to Tibetan Buddhism, and has devoted herself to artistic pursuits influenced by this spiritual path. Although she has cut back on her activism, due to health problems and family demands, Teriananda remains a committed political activist who stays informed of current issues and is determined to pass on the heritage of struggles for peace and justice to the next generation
Summary:
This collection, from the 1970s to the 1990s, is comprised of published and unpublished writings by Teriananda, as well as letters, reports, newspaper and magazine articles, group newsletters, flyers and announcements of political events, and news releases. The issues represented here, including support work for "The Longest Walk" campaign for justice for Leonard Peltier and the Big Mountain relocation, are indicative of the concerns in parts of Indian country in the United States and elsewhere during these decades
Series I, Writings (1978-1991) contains original writings by Teriananda, including an interview with Native American activist Bill Wahpepah, a report on the state of the natural world with an appendix of written materials Teriananda used to supplement the report, and a newsletter for the New York City Big Mountain Support group
Series II, Political Activities (undated; 1972-1996) consists of a variety of writings over more than two decades, including newsletters, reports, flyers, newspaper and magazine articles, and news releases, all of it relating to the political activities with which Teriananda has been involved in support of indigenous peoples. These include support for Latin American indigenous struggles, rain forest initiatives, the Black Hills, Leonard Peltier, the Longest Walk, which was enacted to protest and lobby against eleven bills before Congress which Indians felt would alter treaties between the U.S. government and various Indian tribes, and issues surrounding the Navajo relocation from the Hopi-Navajo Joint Use Area around Big Mountain
Cite as:
Teriananda papers, 1972-1999, National Museum of the American Indian Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Data Source:
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian Archives
University of California, Berkeley Far Eastern Language and Area Training Program
Physical description:
7.5 linear feet (18 boxes & 0.5 inch of map drawer)
Culture:
Coast Salish Indians
Ponape
Yurok Indians
Hupa Indians
Yakama Indians
Yapese (Micronesian people)
Palauans
Indians of North America California
Indians of North America Northwest Coast of North America
Indians of North America Plateau
Type:
Archival materials
Collection descriptions
Place:
Irian Jaya (Dutch New Guinea)
Hawaii
Date:
1934-1973
Topic:
Shakers (American Indian)
American Indian . .
Religion
Potlatch
Language and languages--Documentation
Notes:
Homer G. Barnett was trained at the University of California at Berkeley and has practiced as an ethnologist and archeologist. His specialization has been culture change and applied anthropology
Barnett's earliest field work was among American Indians of Oregon, Washington, and northwestern California--particularly the Yurok, Hupa, Yakima, and several small groups of the Oregon coast. Some of his research concerned diverse ethnological matters but much of it focused primarily on the Indian Shaker religion and the potlatch, the latter being the subject of his doctoral dissertation
In 1939, while he was on the faculty of the University of New Mexico, Barnett served as field director of the Jemez Archeological Field School and was in charge of a project in the Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. Later in the same year, he joined the faculty of the University of Oregon and has been c hiefly identified with that institution since then. In the summer of 1943, however, he participated in a World War II Far Eastern Language and Area Training Program of the University of California at Berkeley. There he helped train voluteer service men in techniques of eliciting cultural information from native informants and used a Thai to demonstrate techniques. In the following year
he joined the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology and became a researcher associated with the Ethnogeographic Board, the World War II agency formed to provide for the war effort scientific information about human and natural resources of the world. He served as the executive secretary of the Board's abortive Pacific Survey Project and, later, undertook a War Document Survey concerning the Pacific to determine and advise on the disposition of documents that had been accumulated by the government
Returning to the University of Oregon after the war, Barnett continued to work with Pacific cultures. He carried out field work in the Palau Islands under the sponsorship of the National Research Council, served as staff anthropologist for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and was a consultant for the government of Netherlands New Guinea. In the 1960s, he directed a program of research among communities of the Pacific displaced because of natural disasters or atomic bomb tests
Summary:
Particularly noteworthy among the papers are notebooks relating to Barnett's field work among American Indians, Palauans, and the people of Netherlands New Guinea (Irian Jaya). There are also notes collected from Barnett's Thai informant in 1943. In addition, there are two manuscripts of note, one a copy of Barnett's dissertation and the other a processed papers entitled "The Yakima Indians in 1943." Some of the photographs in the collection are Barnett's own and relate to his field work. Ther are also notes on reading Barnett did for his disseration. In addition, there are a few administrative papers relating to the displaced communities study. The reports resulting from the study are at the University of Oregon
The collection also includes much printed materail relating to various areas of the Pacific. Some of the items are government docum,ents and other are copies of articles that appeared in journals. Some entire newspapers are present. Still other printed items concern the languages of Palau and Irian Jaya.There is little in the collection that relates to Barnett's career in the classroom except for slides collected for lectures. There is nothing concerning his archeological work or his work with the Ethnogeographic Board. A report concerning the former is, however, in the archives' series of numbered manuscripts. Material concerning the work with the Ethnogeographic Board is in records of the board in the Smithsonian Archives
Cite as:
Homer Garner Barnett Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution Department of Anthropology Division of Physical Anthropology
United States Army Medical Museum
Correspondent:
Adams, W. I
Adler, Cyrus 1863-1940
Alderman, E.M
Alliot, Hector
Alvarez, Walter C
Ameghino, Florentino
Angell, James R
Abbott, William Louis 1860-1936
Absolon, Karel
Allyn, Harriet M
Lowie, Robert
Robinson, Edward G
Hemingway, Ernest
Ami, Henry
Anthony, R
Ashley-Montagu, Montague Francis
Atwood, Charles E
Avirette, John Allfred
Baer, John Leonard
Bell, Enoch
Berenberg, Fredericka I
Bingham, Hiram
Bingman, C.E
Blue, Ruppert
Bloomfield, Leonard 1887-1949
Bodding, P.C
Bogue, E.A
Bothwell, J.A
Bridges, Calvin B
Burlin, Natalie Curtis
Babcock, William H
Baldwin, Bird T
Barrus, Clara
Barry, J. Neilson
Bartashchell, A.W
Barton, James L
Bather, F.A
Bean, Robert Bennett
Benes, Edward
Betsche, Chris
Bell, Earl H
Bilgery, Conrad
Birket-Smith, Kaj
Bishop, Carl W
Black, Davidson
Boas, Franz 1858-1942
Bogoras, Waldemar G
Borbolla, F. Rubin I
Bowman, Isaiah
Boyd, William C
Boyle, Mary Elizabeth
Breasted, James Henry
Breton, Adela C
Breuil Abbe
Briggs, H.H
Brockett, Paul 1872-1946
Brown, A.R
Barnum, Brown
Bunak, V
Bunnell, Charles E
Bushnell, David Ives Jr 1875-1941
Cadbury, William W
Callendar, G.R
Campbell, W.W
Capitan, Louis
Castellanos, Abraham
Edison, Thomas A (Thomas Alva) 1847-1931
Celler, Emanuel
Chamberlain, Thomas C
Clark, G. Hardy
Clemens, James B
Colbert, L.O
Comas, Juan
Comer, George
Cameron, John
Candela, P.B
Carroll, Mitchell
Cattell, Jacque
Cattell, James McKeen
Chapman, John W Rev
Ciocco, Antonio
Cipriani, Lidio
United States Department of Agriculture
Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia
Alaskan Sportsman
American Anthropological Association
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Committee for Protection of the Foreign Born
American Geographical Society
Journal of the American Medical Association
American Philosophical Society
United States Department of Commerce
American Association of Physical Anthropologists
Abbot, Charles Greeley
Subject:
Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Panama California Exposition physical anthropology exhibits
Peking Union Medical College
Royal Anthropological Society Huxley lecture
United States Army Medical Museum
American Association of Physical Anthropologists
International Congress of Americanists
Anthropological Society of Washington (Washington, D.C.)
American Anthropological Association
Washington Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Science
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Institute of Population
American School in France for Prehistoric Studies
Committee on Anthropological Affairs
Physical description:
133 linear feet
Culture:
American Indian tuberculosis among
Chippewa Leech Lake
Chippewa White Earth
Dakota Indians
Pachamac Peru archeology
Apache Indians
Dakota Oglala
Shawnee Indians
Menominee Indians
Pima Indians
Huichol
Mohave Indians
Hupa Indians
Tarahumara Indians
Quinailt
Indians of North America Northeast
Ojibwa Indians
Indians of North America Northwest Coast of North America
Quinault Indians
Indians of North America Great Plains
Indians of North America Southwest, New
Oglala Indians
Indians of North America California
Type:
Archival materials
Collection descriptions
Date:
1887
1887-1943
ca 1887-1943
Topic:
Old Americans
Trenton skeletal material
Fossils--man
Human evolution
Children--physical anthropology
Tuberculosis--American Indians
Huntington collection
Forensic anthropology
Immigration law--and physical anthropology
Children who run on all fours
Anthropometry
My Journeys, by A. Hrdlicka
Notes:
Ales Hrdlicka was born in Bohemia and came to America when he was thirteen. As a young man, he was trained in medicine at New York's Eclectic Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College, receiving degrees from each. His first professional work was as a private practitioner, but he gave that up in 1894 when he joined the staff of the New York State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. There, in addition to other duties, he began studies of the physical characteristics of inmates. This set in motion developments that would eventually lead him to become one of the world's most prominent anthropologists who has sometimes been referred to as "the founder of physical anthropology in America."
In 1896, in preparation for a research appointment with the Department of Anthropology in the Pathological Institute of the New York State hospitals, Hrdlicka went to Paris and studied with Leon Manouvrier. After his return to America, he worked for a short period with the Pathological Institute and came into contact with G.S. Huntington, of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Hrdlicka arranged and studied Huntington's large collection of skeletal material, thus gaining knowledge of a well-documented collection representing largely normal persons of European ancestry. He furthermore came to the attention of Frederic Ward Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, who arranged for his first anthropological field studies
It was thus that Hrdlicka became a member of the Hyde Expeditions to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. In 1898, he traveled to Mexico with Carl Lumholtz to study the Tarahumaras, Huichols, and neighboring tribes. In subsequent years, he returned to Mexico and the Southwest alone and studied physical characteristics and medical conditions of several American Indian tribes. With this experience and examinations of the Trenton and Lansing skeletal material for Putnam, Hrdlicka came fully into the world of anthropology. In 1903, he was appointed head of the newly formed Division of Physical Anthropology in the United States National Museum
In his position at the Smithsonian, Hrdlicka's contributions to American physical anthropology were great. His travels and field studies alone were impressive and important in his growth as an authority on the migration of man to the New World, human evolution, and the variations of man's physical form. In 1905, he returned to the Southwest for studies of Pima and Apache children and, in the following year, traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1908, he worked among a number of Indian tribes, including the Menominee, Oglala Dakota, Quinailt, Hupa, and Mohave, in a study of tuberculosis among them. In 1909, he traveled to Egypt with an expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in order to study living Egyptians and to examine remains of Egypt's past population. The following year took him to Argentina, Peru, and Mexico. In the first of these, he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley
Between 1912-1914, Hrdlicka undertook a physical anthropological exhibit for the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego and, for this, traveled to eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Peru, and Florida. He also examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed field work of other anthropologists in South and East Africa, St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, the Philippines, eastern Siberia, and the Ukraine. In 1915, for the Department of Justice, he assessed the racial makeup of Chippewas on the Leech Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota and also studied Dakota Indians. In 1917, his field work was directed toward white American families with longtime residence in the United States. In 1918, he carried out a survey of ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1920, he traveled to Hawaii, Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in connection with an appointment to lecture at the Peking Union Medical College. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. In 1925, he carried out work in India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, South Africa, and Europe. In 1927, he was again in Europe to deliver the Huxley Memorial Lecture before the Royal Anthropological Society in Great Britain. Between 1929 and 1938, he traveled frequently to Alaska to carry on an anthropological survey. In 1939, he traveled to Russia and Siberia
Beginning with much of the skeletal collection of the Army Medical Museum, which had been transferred to the Smithsonian in 1898 before he was appointed there, Hrdlicka amassed a bone collection that included, among many other specimens, the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. Over three hundred publications resulted from his study of this material, his field work, and his study of specimens in other museums. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from examinations of human remains for law enforcement officials to providing information and opinions concerning national origins and traits that were needed to interpret laws and form foreign policy. During World War II, he also advised government officials on policies to be pursued with certain national groups following the war
In 1918, Hrdlicka founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and remained its editor until 1942. In 1928, he was the major force behind the organization of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and served as its president in 1928-1932. He was also president of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1907, the American Anthroplogical Association in 1925-1927, and the Washington Academy of Sciences in 1928-1929. He was chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1918 and secretary of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council in 1917. In addition, Hrdlicka was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists
Summary:
Hrdlicka's papers comprise a wide variety of materials but consist largely of correspondence, manuscripts of writings, physical anthropological tables and notes, and photographs. The material reflects his many professional interests and activities except for the earliest, for which the documents were destroyed by fire. Since he apparently made little distinction between his official and private activities, the papers incorporate many official records of the of the Smithsonian's Division of Physical Anthropology. This and other material show his wide-range of contacts with anthroplogists, especially physical anthropologists, and with many scholars in related sciences. Yet other material is personal and includes such documents as those relating to Hrdlicka's private property and correspondence with members of his family. Notably present is correspondence with his first wife, Marie Strickler. There are also documents that concern Hrdlicka's continued ties with Czechoslovakia (much of it in Czech) and his interests in Czech-American organizations, scientific development of Czechoslovakia, and his concern for its political fate, especially during World War II
Cite as:
Ales Hrdlicka Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America Northwest Coast of North America
Indians of North America Plateau
Type:
Field notes
Collection descriptions
Sound recordings
Photographs
Color slides
Place:
United States
Polynesia
Colombia
Date:
1935
1935-1986
1960-1990
Topic:
Language and languages--Documentation
Communism
Notes:
Irving Goldman (1911-2002) was born in Brooklyn, New York, and completed his B.S. from Brooklyn College in 1933 and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1941, where he focused his work on the Ulkcatcho Carrier of British Columbia. While at Columbia, Goldman was one of the last students of Frank Boas. Goldman was a member of the Communist party from 1936 - 1942. After graduating from Columbia, he served from 1942 - 1947 in various departments of the United States Government, primarily as a researcher. He was released in 1947 as a security risk. Goldman taught at Sarah Lawrence College, in Bronxville, NY from 1947-1981, where he also served on many faculty committees, as well as their Board of Trustees. During this time, Goldman continued his anthropological research. He spent 1955 in Chiapas, Mexico, studying the Tzotzil of Chamula Indians. He also did a library project on Polynesia, which led to his book "Ancient Polynesian Society" (1970), a key work in anthropological thought. During his time at Sarah Lawrence College, Goldman also published two other significant books: "The Cubeo: Indians of the Northwest Amazon" (1963) and "The Mouth of Heaven: An Introduction to Kwakiutl Religious Thought" (1975). In 1968, he returned to Vaupes to study the Cubeo, continuing his research there into the early 1980s. From 1980 - 1987, Goldman taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City. During the McCarthy Era, in 1953, Goldman was forced to testify before the Jenner Senate Committee, which investigated connections between academics and communism. He took his First Amendment right, which was a risky tactic, however Sarah Lawrence College decided not to fire him as he had admitted to being a party of the party, but avoided naming others who he knew had been members. Goldman died April 7, 2002. His final manuscript was published posthumously as "Cubeo Henewa Religious Thought: Metaphysics of a Northwestern Amazonian People" (2004)
Summary:
The focus of the collection is Irving Goldman's field research on the Cubeo Indians of Vaupes, Colombia. In addition to documentation from multiple trips to Cubeo, the collection also includes some materials relating to his work on the Modoc, the Ulkatcho Carrier, Polynesians, and Tzotzil of Chamula Indians of Chiapas, Mexico. The Cubeo materials include field notes, research notes, questionnaires and photographs that Goldman used in his publications, which include The Cubeo: Indians of the Northwest Amazon and Hehenewa of the Cuduiari: An Introduction to Cubean Religious Thought, which was published posthumously as Cubeo Hehenewa Religious Thought: Metaphysics of a Northwestern Amazonian People. Additional materials from his Cubeo research are 26 field recordings of music, interviews, and dances. Also in the collection is a sound recording relating to the Kwakiutl Indians. The work on Polynesia for his publication "Ancient Polynesian Society" consist of his reading notes. His Ulkatcho Carrier notes contain language material from his field research among the Ulkatcho, Nazko, and Quesnel, three Carrier bands in the Blackwater dialect group. His notes from his research in Chiapas contain ethnographic and linguistic notes on what appears to be Tzotzil. The Modoc materials also contain ethnographic and linguistic notes. The correspondence in the collection is a mix of professional and personal. This includes correspondence from former students and recommendations he wrote for them. In the writing series are notes and edits of chapters and manuscripts for his books, as well as articles that Goldman wrote and a couple of speeches he gave. The collection includes many photographs, most of which do not have descriptions of locations. The identified photographs include images from Vaupes and Chiapas, Mexico. There is one folder that includes some photographs of the Modoc, and another that contains pictures from the British Columbia Ulkatcho. Another important part of this collection is from his personal materials. Goldman was a Communist from 1936-1942, and in 1953 was brought before the Jenner Committee. The file Goldman kept of this investigation includes a transcript of his appearance in front of the Committee, as well as many newspaper clippings
Cite as:
Irving Goldman Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
