Edward & Henry T. Anthony & Company, active 1860 - 1901
Sitter:
Braxton Bragg, 22 Mar 1817 - 27 Sep 1876
Medium:
Albumen silver print
Type:
Photograph
Date:
c. 1861
Topic:
Interior
Braxton Bragg: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War
Braxton Bragg: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General
Braxton Bragg: Science and Technology\Engineer\Civil
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.95.431
Exhibition Label:
Carte-de-visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in the North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually nothing to work with, photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of generals Simon Bolivar Buckner, Braxton Bragg, and Albert Sidney Johnston, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by such firms as E. & H. T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Henry Lee: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolution
Henry Lee: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental
Henry Lee: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia
Henry Lee: Politics and Government\Governor\Virginia
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.78.51
Exhibition Label:
The first casualties of the War of 1812 resulted from Americans fighting Americans. On the night of July 27, 1812, Baltimore erupted into violent riots against those who opposed the weeks-old war, including Revolutionary War hero "Light-Horse Harry" Lee. Lee found himself barricaded in a house with supporters of a Federalist newspaper editor who had spoken out against war. When the mob attacked, the besieged men defended themselves, causing the death of a ringleader and further inciting the pro-war mob. Near morning, city leaders finally intervened, escorting the Federalists to jail for their own protection. That night, angry citizens broke in and brutally attacked the men, killing sixty-year-old veteran James McCubbin Lingan. Lee was smuggled out of the city and survived, although he never recovered from his wounds. He died six years later, when his son Robert E. Lee was only eleven.
Edward & Henry T. Anthony & Company, active 1860 - 1901
Sitter:
Edmund Kirby Smith, 16 May 1824 - 28 Mar 1893
Medium:
Albumen silver print
Type:
Photograph
Date:
c. 1861
Topic:
Interior
Edmund Kirby Smith: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War\Confederate
Edmund Kirby Smith: Education\Educator\Professor\University
Edmund Kirby Smith: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Captain
Edmund Kirby Smith: Education\Administrator\University\President
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.95.412
Exhibition Label:
Carte de visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in the North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually "nothing to work with," photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of Generals Jubal A. Early, Edmund Kirby Smith, and Fitzhugh Lee, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by firms such as E.& H.T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Edward & Henry T. Anthony & Company, active 1860 - 1901
Sitter:
Fitzhugh Lee, 19 Nov 1835 - 28 Apr 1905
Medium:
Albumen silver print
Type:
Photograph
Date:
c. 1862
Topic:
Interior
Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Beard
Fitzhugh Lee: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War\Confederate
Fitzhugh Lee: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Consul\US Consul
Fitzhugh Lee: Politics and Government\Governor\Virginia
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.95.413
Exhibition Label:
Carte de visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually "nothing to work with," photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of Generals Jubal A. Early, Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Fitzhugh Lee, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by firms such as E.& H.T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Nathan Bedford Forrest: Society and Social Change\White Supremacist
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.95.424
Exhibition Label:
Carte de visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually "nothing to work with," photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of Generals Jubal A. Early, Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Fitzhugh Lee, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by firms such as E.& H.T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Albert Sidney Johnston: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War\Confederate
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.99.155
Exhibition Label:
Carte-de-visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in the North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually nothing to work with, photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of generals Simon Bolivar Buckner, Braxton Bragg, and Albert Sidney Johnston, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by such firms as E. & H. T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Jubal Anderson Early: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer
Jubal Anderson Early: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.2003.61
Exhibition Label:
Carte de visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually "nothing to work with," photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of Generals Jubal A. Early, Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Fitzhugh Lee, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by firms such as E.& H.T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Natural Resources\Agriculturist\Farmer
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War\Confederate
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Communications\Journalist\Editor\Newspaper
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Politics and Government\Vice-Presidential Candidate
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Politics and Government\Governor\Kentucky
Simon Bolivar Buckner: Business and Industry\Businessman\Insurance
Portrait
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.95.407
Exhibition Label:
Carte-de-visite portraits of Confederate generals
During the Civil War, the Union blockade of southern ports effectively halted the flow of most goods, including materials needed by Confederate photographers to continue their operations. Although some photographic supplies were smuggled through, by January 1862 it was reported in the North that "the Photographic Art down South has completely died out in consequence of the war." Because southern cameramen had virtually nothing to work with, photographs representing Confederate leaders, such as these portraits of generals Simon Bolivar Buckner, Braxton Bragg, and Albert Sidney Johnston, typically circulated in the form of retouched copy images produced in the North by such firms as E. & H. T. Anthony rather than as original life portraits created in the South.
Title from credits (published work)--study collection
Summary:
An edited film dealing with the varied aspects of the opium trade in golden triange region of Burma, Laos, and the Yunan Province of China. Scenes include: the growing cycle of the poppy and extraction of sap from the mature pods, illustration of the role of opium growing and trade in the local economy of the Shan peoples of highland Burma, the preparation of the drug for sale to smugglers, the organization of the smuggling caravans, the techniques by which smugglers circumvent detection and arrest, the processing of opium into heroin, the sale of heroin on the streets of Hong Kong, and enforcement efforts
Edited film produced by ATV Pathfinder Productions documenting aspects of the opium trade in the golden triangle region of Burma, Laos, and the Yunan Province of China. Film includes the growing cycle of the poppy, the role of opium trade in the local economy of the Shan people of highland Burma, preparation of the drug for smuggling, and processing of opium into heroin for sale on the streets of Hong Kong
Bernardo de Gálvez: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer
Bernardo de Gálvez: Politics and Government\Governor\Louisiana
Portrait
Credit Line:
Current Owner: Museo Nacional de Historia, Mexico
Object number:
EXH.SP.11
Exhibition Label:
Bernardo de Gálvez was educated in military science at the Academy of Ávila. At age sixteen, he participated in his first military battle in a Spanish campaign against Portugal before leaving for New Spain. After his first American assignment in Chihuahua, Mexico, in 1772 he returned home and participated in an expedition to Algiers. Promoted to colonel, he was named governor of the province of Louisiana in 1776, a position he held for seven years. His administration saw a decline in British smuggling and a rise in free trade with allies. Gálvez was integral to British defeat in the siege of Mobile, and he directed the successful land and sea assault on Pensacola, the British capital of West Florida, the same year. Appointed viceroy of New Spain in 1785, he quickly became known for his bold city planning and progressive building projects.
Bernardo de Gálvez estudió en la Academia Militar de Ávila. A la edad de dieciséis años participó en su primera batalla en la campaña española contra Portugal antes de partir para Nueva España. Después de su primer destino americano en Chihuahua, México, en 1772 regresó a la patria y participó en la expedición de Argel. Ascendido al rango de coronel, fue nombrado gobernador de la provincia de Luisiana en 1776, un puesto que mantuvo durante siete años. Durante su administración disminuyó el contrabando británico y aumentó el libre comercio con los aliados. Gálvez fue esencial en la derrota de los británicos durante el asedio a Mobile, y, el mismo año, dirigió con éxito el ataque por tierra y mar contra Pensacola, la capital británica de Florida Occidental. Designado Virrey de Nueva España en 1785, se dio a conocer rápidamente por su audaz planeamiento urbano y sus proyectos de construcción muy avanzados.
overall: 21.844 cm x 21.844 cm x 1.905 cm; 8 5/8 in x 8 5/8 in x 3/4 in
Object Name:
plate
Object Type:
plate
Used at:
United States: Virginia, Libby Prison
United States: Virginia, Richmond
Date made:
1862
Associated date:
1861 - 1865
Subject:
Military
POWs
ThinkFinity
Event:
Civil War
Civil War and Reconstruction
ID Number:
AF*75529M
Catalog number:
75529M
Accession number:
296035
Description:
Physical Description
Metal-and-bone knife and fork and a metal plate.
Specific History
This knife, fork, and plate was issued to prisoner of war Colonel John S. Crocker, 93rd Infantry Regiment, New York Volunteers, by the commandant of Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia, and used by him at Libby and Salisbury prisons, 1862.
General History
Libby Prison's three buildings were designed and built as a warehouse by John Enders, who died before putting them to use. Following his death, the warehouse sold to Luther Libby from Maine, who erected a sign "L. Libby & Son, Chip Chandlers". At the beginning of the war, Libby was given 48 hours to vacate the building so it could be used as a prison. The only thing Libby left behind was his sign; the building became Libby Prison. During the war, Libby held over 125,000 men, mostly Union officers. On February 9, 1864, the most bold and daring of prison escapes happened at Libby. One hundred nine Union army officers managed to escape by crawling through a fireplace, sliding down a chimney, and slithering through a 53-foot-long tunnel. The escape came after months of digging with tools smuggled into the prison by a Northern sympathizer, Elizabeth Van Wert, a.k.a. Crazybet. Libby was vacated just before the Union army captured Richmond, and spent the rest of the war empty.
overall: 22 in x 26 in x 11 in; 55.88 cm x 66.04 cm x 27.94 cm
Object Name:
Dog, stuffed
Served in:
France
Born in:
United States
Subject:
Military
Dogs
ThinkFinity
Event:
World War I
The Emergence of Modern America
ID Number:
AF*58280M
Catalog number:
58280M
Accession number:
210736
Description:
Physical Description
Stuffed dog, blanket adorned with medals.
Specific History
While training for combat on the fields of Yale University in 1917, Private J. Robert Conroy found a brindle puppy with a short tail. He named him Stubby, and soon the dog became the mascot of the 102nd Infantry, 26th Yankee Division. He learned the bugle calls, the drills, and even a modified dog salute as he put his right paw on his right eyebrow when a salute was executed by his fellow soldiers. Stubby had a positive effect on morale, and was allowed to remain in the camp, even though animals were forbidden.
When the division shipped out for France aboard the SS Minnesota, Private Conroy smuggled Stubby aboard. Hidden in the coal bin until the ship was far at sea, Stubby was brought out on deck where the sailors were soon won over by the canine soldier. Stubby was soon discovered by Private Conroy's commanding officer who allowed Stubby to remain after the dog gave him a salute.
When the Yankee Division headed for the front lines in France, Stubby was given special orders allowing him to accompany the men to the front lines as their official mascot. The 102nd Infantry reached the front lines on February 5, 1918. Stubby soon became accustomed to the loud rifles and heavy artillery fire. His first battle injury occurred from gas exposure; he was taken to a nearby field hospital and nursed back to health. The injury left him sensitive to the tiniest trace of gas. When the division was attacked in an early morning gas launch, most of the troops were asleep. Stubby recognized the gas and ran through the trench barking and biting at the soldiers, rousing them to sound the gas alarm, saving many from injury. Stubby also had a talent for locating wounded men between the trenches of the opposing armies; he would listen for the sound of English and then go to the location, barking until paramedics arrived or leading the lost soldiers back to the safety of the trenches. He even caught a German soldier mapping out the layout of the Allied trenches. The soldier called to Stubby, who put his ears back and began to bark. As the German ran, Stubby bit him on the legs, causing the soldier to trip and fall. He continued to attack the man until the U.S. soldiers arrived. For capturing an enemy spy, Stubby was put in for a promotion to the rank of sergeant by the commander of the 102nd Infantry. He became the first dog to be given rank in the United States Armed Forces. Later, Stubby was injured during a grenade attack, receiving a large amount of shrapnel in his chest and leg. He was rushed to a field hospital and later transferred to a Red Cross recovery hospital for additional surgery. When Stubby became well enough to move around at the hospital, he visited wounded soldiers, boosting their morale.
By the end of the war, Stubby had served in seventeen battles. He led the American troops in a pass-and-review parade and later visited with President Woodrow Wilson. He visited the White House twice and met Presidents Harding and Coolidge. Stubby was awarded many medals for his heroism, including a medal from the Humane Society. It was presented by General John Pershing, the commanding general of the United States Armies. He was awarded a membership in the American Legion and the YMCA. When his master, J. Robert Conroy, began studying law at Georgetown University, Stubby became the mascot of the Georgetown Hoyas. He died in 1926.
Surging south of Baghdad : the 3d Infantry Division and Task Force Marne in Iraq, 2007-2008 / Dale Andrade
Author:
Andradé, Dale
Center of Military History
Subject:
United States Army Infantry Division, 3rd
Physical description:
xvii, 429 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
United States
Iraq
Baghdad
Date:
2010
21st century
Topic:
Iraq War, 2003-2011--Regimental histories
Iraq War, 2003-2011--Campaigns
Counterinsurgency--History
Notes:
Shipping list no.: 2011-0096-P
Contents:
Back to Iraq. A brave tradition; Gearing up for a third tour; Changing course; The Baghdad belts; South of Baghdad -- On the ground. Working in the desert; East Bank of the Tigris; Commando Brigade; Paratroopers on the Euphrates -- First combat. Attack on Patrol Base Dog; Air cavalry; Kiowa down; Missing in action -- Taking the offensive. Preparing the battlefield; Western operations; Last pieces in place; Planning the first offensive -- Operation Marne Torch. Maintaining momentum; Anvil on the East Bank; High-value targets; Running out of steam -- New ground. Coalition contingent; Cross-border smuggling; Facing Iran -- New offensives. Avalanche; Beyond reach; taking stock -- Sons of Iraq. Anbar beginnings; New focus on reconciliation; Combat multipliers; Progress East of the Tigris; Burgeoning numbers -- Pressing the advantage. Marne Torch, second round; Pacifying Arab Jabour; The Shi'ite strategy -- Western front. The Rakkasans; Missing in action resolved; Security in the Euphrates Valley; Switching brigades; Operation Marne Roundup -- Thunderbolt. Shifting priorities; Relentless pursuit; Air power; Improving the odds -- New focus. Grand Slam; Winding down; Baghdad interlude; Back to Capitol Hill; Piledriver; Transition -- Conclusion: What winning looks like. Balance sheet; The counterinsurgency assessment; Remembering
Summary:
This book covers this crucial period in the Iraq war from the perspective of a single division operating in the region south of the Iraqi capital. This account offers a snapshot of the surge, its successes and shortcomings, and shows how the Army coped with the changing demands of the modern combat environment.--[Foreword]
Encounters with witchcraft : field notes from Africa / Norman N. Miller
Author:
Miller, Norman N. 1933-
Physical description:
viii, 232 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Africa, Sub-Saharan
Date:
2012
Topic:
Witchcraft--Social aspects
Notes:
PROVISIONAL RECORD: GIH
Contents:
Prologue: first encounter -- The colonial days -- An archeologist's view of witchcraft -- Ancient spirit paintings -- Lion-men and colonial witch trials -- Angry man with a cross-bow -- Witchcraft and the Congo pygmies -- Crocodile bile and the poison principle -- Living with witches -- The witchcraft trial of Mohammadi -- The woman who poisoned a chief -- The issue of death by suggestion -- Witchcraft symbols in western Tanzania -- Reflections on Mohammadi -- Through African eyes: the arts -- The gift of an execution mask -- Seeing witchcraft images in nature -- The witch's toolkit: implements and artifacts -- Guns, throwing knives and power symbols -- Spirit art and the ideas of an African chief -- Witch-hunters and witch-cleansers -- Secrets of a professional witch hunter -- Using witch hunters for political coercion -- A famous witch-cleanser in Malawi -- Faith healers, snake handlers, herbalists -- Kajiwe (little stone), Kenyan witch-hunter -- Witchcraft and violence -- Meeting Idi Amin in Uganda -- State-sponsored terror with witchcraft skin gangs and secret societies on trial: witchcraft court cases -- A rough map of witchcraft in eastern Africa -- The spirit wars -- How prophet movements use witchcraft healing -- The sick by the sea -- "Evil eye" among desert people -- Witchcraft violence in an African Christian church -- Missionary zeal: African spirits versus Christian spirits -- Witchcraft and juju economics -- Smuggling of witchcraft poisons and products -- Long distance trade in protective medicines -- The healer's trade: witchcraft as a diagnosis -- Commercialization and urbanization of witchcraft -- Spirit art, devil art and modern art for profit -- Witch beliefs as barriers to economic development -- Political witchcraft -- Witchcraft threats and mafia-like politics -- The Tanzanian holocaust: the Sungusungu killings -- Meeting Kenya's President Moi -- Devil cults in Nairobi: alleged satanic practices -- The use of witchcraft in Uganda's
Lord's Resistance Army -- Rebellion in Kenya: the rise of mungiki -- Lessons learned -- "Look, there is no 'paranormal'" -- Lessons from a little boy -- How witchcraft really works: an African view -- Death by suggestion: a final confession -- Killing elders as witches, the rise of senecide -- Mohammadi's shadow -- Return to my village -- Dramatic changes over the years -- Why witches are never mentioned -- The truth about Mohammadi's life -- The mystery resolved -- Epilogue: the future of witchcraft
