United States of America -- Maryland -- Baltimore County -- Towson
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes a worksheet and slide view plan.
General:
The house and thirteen acres were a summer home for a Baltimore family. The owner has sometimes called the garden "a horticultural zoo," as she was more interested in the plants than in a design. It is a collector's garden with many unusual plants. At least twelve plants are from the Garden Club of America plant exchange.
Persons and firms associated with the garden include: Davey Tree Expert Co. (tree care, 1960-present); William Clark (gardener); Guy Shaneybrook (gardener); Steve Shaneybrook (lawn care); William Turner (patio designer and builder, 1999).
Related Materials:
Hawthorndon related holdings consist of 1 folder (18 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
The collection, which dates from 1895 to 1972 and measures 23.97 linear feet, documents the career and travels of Professor Lorenzo Dow Turner. The collection is comprised of correspondence, academic papers, research materials, books, newspaper and journal articles, sound recordings, and photographs.
Arrangement note:
The collection is arranged in the following series:
Series 1: Biographical
Series 2: Academic Career
Series 3: Writings
Series 4: Research
Series 5: Photographs
Series 6: Sound Recordings
Series 7: Printed Materials
Biographical/Historical note:
Lorenzo Dow Turner was born in Elizabeth City, N.C. in 1895. He earned his B.A. in 1914 from Howard University; in 1917, he received an M.A. in English from Harvard University. He received his doctorate in English from the University of Chicago in 1926 while simultaneously serving as chairman and professor of the Department of English at Howard from 1917 to 1928. He held the same positions at Fisk University in Nashville from 1929 to 1946. In 1946 he accepted a professorship in the English department at Roosevelt University in Chicago, where he remained as professor of English and lecturer in African Cultures until his retirement in 1970. Turner was professor emeritus at Roosevelt until his death at age 77 in 1972. Turner's professional and academic interests encompassed both English and linguistics. A noted scholar of African languages and linguistics, he learned numerous West African languages, mastering five of them. He was a noted authority on Gullah, a Creole language spoken in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia.
Related Archival Materials note:
Lorenzo Dow Turner Papers at Northwestern University Library
Related Materials:
This collection contains artifacts catalogued in the ACM Objects collection.
Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
United States of America -- South Carolina -- Frogmore
Date:
1932 July
Scope and Contents:
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Biographical:
Sam Polite was born around 1844 at St. Helena Island, Beaufort Co., South Carolina. His parents were Sam and Molly Polite. The family was enslaved by the Fripp family, which in 1860 owned thousands of acres of land and 20 plantations in St. Helena Island and other nearby islands. When John Fripp, the Polite family owner's son, got married, his father gave him 30 enslaved persons as a wedding gift. Sam Polite was one of them. When the Civil War came to St. Helena Island in November of 1861, the Fripp family and other planters on the island abandoned their plantations. John Fripp was serving in the Confederate Army, and his wife took her children, Sam and his mother, Molly, to Barnwell, South Carolina. When the end of the war came, Sam Polite and his mother returned to St. Helena Island, where the family reunited. It was only then that they learned that they had been freed from enslavement four years before. After working for another African American man, Sam bought 15 acres of land, which he owned for the rest of his life. Sam Polite was married four times and had two children. At the time that Dr. Turner interviewed him, he manufactured fishing nets for income. Sam Polite died at 100 years old on May 2, 1944, of accidental burns when his clothes caught fire while he smoked.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
United States of America -- Georgia -- Raccon Bluff
Date:
1933 July-August
Scope and Contents:
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Biographical:
Katie Groverner [Grovernor] Brown was born on Sapelo Island in McIntosh County, Georgia, on June 10, 1853, to John and Corten Groverner [Grover, Grovernor]. Her mother's grandfather was Bilali Muhamad, a Muslim man who was enslaved by the Spalding family. Bilali wrote a famous document in Arabic, which is known as the "Bilali Diary." During the Civil War, the island was abandoned by its white population. In 1865, General William T. Sherman had issued an order that the Sea Islands' lands, including Sapelo, should be given to the recently freed African American population. Nevertheless, the order was never implemented. By 1871 a consortium of three African American men, which included John Groverner, Katie's father, bought 1,000 acres from the former white owner's heirs and created the settlement of Raccoon Bluff. Katie grew up there attending school until fifth grade. She married Ben Brown on August 7, 1877, and had at least four children. Dr. Turner described her as being very intelligent and serious, if somewhat reticent when he interviewed her. Katie Brown passed away on November 19, 1940, and was buried at Behavior Cemetery, Sapelo Island.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Historical:
The settlement of Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia, began when on September 2, 1865, Margaret M. Harris donated her land to Robert Dolegal (the name is also spelled as Delegal and Denegal), who she had formerly enslaved. According to Mrs. Harris' will, she had raised Robert and trusted him to take care of her and of her mentally disabled son Bright Harris until their death in exchange for the lands. Mrs. Harris appears in the 1850 Census slave schedule as being the enslaver of 59 individuals. In the 1860 Census slave schedule, she appears as the enslaver of 66 persons.
Robert Dolegal must have sold parcels of his land immediately after he took possession of it. In the Census of 1870, there were 87 African American households and 21 white households in Harris Neck.
Biographical:
Bristow McIntosh appears in the 1870 census as a 14-year old working as a farm laborer and living in the household of Martha Woodruff. According to the interview he gave to Dr. Turner in 1933, beginning in 1866, he had attended school for a few months each year and had been able to learn how to read and write.
By 1880 Bristow McIntosh was married to Nancy King Mctinosh (also known as Annie and Nannie), and they had two children and owned 20 acres of land valued at fifty dollars. The previous year his farm had produced corn, peas, and beans. Bristow also owned milk cows and chickens. The value of his production in 1879 had been $100.
During his life, Bristow worked his land, which was valued at $200 in 1930. He also, at some point, ran a store and kept a mail route. By 1930 he was already in his seventies but still working as a family servant.
Bristow and Nancy would have eleven children, and only three survived childhood. Nancy passed away in 1922 after a long illness, and two of her surviving children followed her within a few years. Leonard passed away in 1926 and James in 1928.
Bristow McIntosh was one of Dr. Turner's principal informants when he came to Harris Neck in 1933. He passed away four years later, on November 25, 1937. Thus, Bristow McIntosh was not alive when the Federal government took the land at Harris Neck through eminent domain to build a military airport. The residents were given two weeks to move out. On July 27, 1942, all the community's houses were bulldozed and burned down.
General:
Bristow (also Brister or Bristol); Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
United States of America -- South Carolina -- Frogmore
Date:
1932 July
Scope and Contents:
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image on Fripp's Point, Frogmore, St. Helena Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Biographical:
Parris Capers was born on December 1, 1872, to Josiah and Susan (Susanna) Capers at William Fripp's old plantation, renamed Fripp's Point, in St. Helena Island, SC. William Fripp held 326 enslaved people on his plantation on October 24, 1860. A little over a year later, on November 7, 1861, upon the Union forces' arrival, all the owners and their families left, leaving the plantations abandoned and in the enslaved people's hands. Eventually, the plantations were sold to pay taxes, which allowed many newly freed people to acquire properties. Josiah Capers was one of those who bought land. In 1880 he owned a farm valued at $1,000 where he planted corn, peas, and sweet potatoes and tended to chickens which produced 300 eggs in 1879.
Josiah's relative prosperity allowed young Parris to attend eight years of school at the Penn Center. The school was created in 1862 by Quaker and Unitarian missionaries to teach the children in St. Helena Island. His studies allowed Parris to proudly inform Dr. Turner in 1932 that he was able to read and write.
Parris remained on his father's farm and probably inherited the parcel of 66 acres of land he owned in 1932 when his father passed away. He also worked as a trapper during the winter and at one point owned a store. In 1932 Dr. Turner described him as having "a good physique" and being very industrious and intelligent.
Parris Capers married Rose [Rosa] Mungin around 1894. Rose was the oldest daughter of Arthur and Charity Mungin and was born in St. Helena Island around 1876. They had at least seven children, one who died very early in their marriage and then Lizzie, Evans, Manley, Charity, Sarah, and Rosa Lee.
Tragedy struck the family within the year after Dr. Turner visited them. Manley (Mannie) Capers died on November 12, 1932, after being interned in a mental hospital in Columbia, SC, for eight months. Evans Capers died March 23, 1933, of accidental drowning. He worked as a fisherman.
Parris Capers lived a long life and passed away in June 1970 at 97 years of age.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Historical:
The settlement of Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia, began when on September 2, 1865, Margaret M. Harris donated her land to Robert Dolegal (the name is also spelled as Delegal and Denegal), who she had formerly enslaved. According to Mrs. Harris' will, she had raised Robert and trusted him to take care of her and her mentally disabled son Bright Harris until their death in exchange for the lands. Mrs. Harris appears in the 1850 Census slave schedule as being the enslaver of 59 individuals. In the 1860 Census slave schedule, she appears as the enslaver of 66 persons.
Robert Dolegal must have sold parcels of his land immediately after he took possession of it. In the Census of 1870, there were 87 African American households and 21 white households in Harris Neck.
Biographical:
Lizzie McIntosh married Sandy Grant on January 21, 1902. They had at least one son named Harry and later in life raised several nephews and nieces.
Sandy Grant owned his farm at Harris Neck, which was worth $200.00 in 1930. Both Sandy and Lizzie had been able to attend two years of school when they were children.
We have no information about Lizzie's passing. Sandy died in 1961 in his 80s. Thus he was alive and most likely witnessed when Harris Neck was destroyed to build a military airport. The residents were given two weeks to move out. On July 27, 1942, all the community's houses were bulldozed and burned down.
General:
Summer of 1933, Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Historical:
The settlement of Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia, began when on September 2, 1865, Margaret M. Harris donated her land to Robert Dolegal (the name is also spelled as Delegal and Denegal), who she had formerly enslaved. According to Mrs. Harris' will, she had raised Robert and trusted him to take care of her and her mentally disabled son Bright Harris until their death in exchange for the lands. Mrs. Harris appears in the 1850 Census slave schedule as being the enslaver of 59 individuals. In the 1860 Census slave schedule, she appears as the enslaver of 66 persons.
Robert Dolegal must have sold parcels of his land immediately after he took possession of it. In the Census of 1870, there were 87 African American households and 21 white households in Harris Neck.
Biographical:
John Campbell was born about 1877, the son of Isaac Campbell and Rose Bacon Campbell. On December 27, 1900, John married Georgia Stevens.
The couple had at least five children but by 1910 had lost one of them. The surviving children were Ophelia, James, Agnes, and Johnnie. John was working as a boatman for the oyster industry. Georgia worked as a cook for a private family. They owned their house. After appearing in the 1910 population census, both John and Georgia disappear from the record. However, we know that Dr. Lorenzo Dow Turner interviewed John Campbell at Harris Neck in the summer of 1933.
It is possible that both John and Georgia Campbell were living when the Federal government took the land at Harris Neck through eminent domain to build a military airport. The residents were given two weeks to move out. On July 27, 1942, all the community's houses were bulldozed and burned down.
General:
Summer of 1933 Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
United States of America -- Georgia -- Harris Neck
Date:
1933
Scope and Contents:
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this image while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Historical:
The settlement of Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia, began when on September 2, 1865, Margaret M. Harris donated her land to Robert Dolegal (the name is also spelled as Delegal and Denegal), who she had formerly enslaved. According to Mrs. Harris' will, she had raised Robert and trusted him to take care of her and her mentally disabled son Bright Harris until their death in exchange for the lands. Mrs. Harris appears in the 1850 Census slave schedule as being the enslaver of 59 individuals. In the 1860 Census slave schedule, she appears as the enslaver of 66 persons.
Robert Dolegal must have sold parcels of his land immediately after he took possession of it. In the Census of 1870, there were 87 African American households and 21 white households in Harris Neck.
Biographical:
James (Napoleon) Rogers was born in Liberty County, Georgia, around 1859. He was never able to attend school, and thus when Dr. Lorenzo Dow Turner interviewed him in the Summer of 1933 in Harris Neck, Georgia, he informed him that he could neither read nor write. Dr. Turner considered him one of his principal informants in Harris Neck.
By 1880 Rogers had moved to Harris Neck and was working as a laborer living in the household of John J. Curry. On September 30, 1905, Rogers married Adeline (also spelled as Adline) Houston. Adeline was much younger than Rogers. She was 30, being born at Ways Station, Bryan County, on March 15, 1875. Rogers was at least 46 years old. They had two children Anna Lee (also spelled as Analee and Analie) and James.
James Rogers owned his farm, which was worth $500.00 in 1930. He informed Dr. Turner that he had always been a farmer, but around 1910 he was working as a carpenter. Adeline Rogers mainly took care of the family, but around 1910 she was working as a seamstress.
James Rogers passed away between 1933 when he was interviewed by Dr. Turner and 1940 when he disappeared from the record. Adeline Rogers appears in the 1940 census as a widow living with her niece Emma Tate, the cook at the local school. Adeline must have been already sick on April 12, 1940, when the census was taken. A little bit over a month later, on May 25, she passed away from heart failure due to renal and cardiovascular disease. She had gone back to live where she had been born in 1875, Ways Station (today Richmond Hill), Bryan County, Georgia. Her daughter, Anna Lee, was married and living in New York City with the married surname of Callaway and was the person who informed on her mother data for the death certificate.
Thus, neither James nor Adaline Rogers were alive when the Federal government took the land at Harris Neck through eminent domain to build a military airport. The residents were given two weeks to move out. On July 27, 1942, all the community's houses were bulldozed and burned down.
General:
Summer of 1933, Harris Neck, McIntosh County, Georgia
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
United States of America -- Georgia -- Racoon Bluff
Date:
1933 July - August
Scope and Contents:
Lorenzo Dow Turner took this images while doing research in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia between 1931 and 1933.
Biographical:
Katie Groverner [Grovernor] Brown was born on Sapelo Island in McIntosh County, Georgia, on June 10, 1853, to John and Corten Groverner [Grover, Grovernor]. Her mother's grandfather was Bilali Muhamad, a Muslim man who was enslaved by the Spalding family. Bilali wrote a famous document in Arabic, which is known as the "Bilali Diary." During the Civil War, the island was abandoned by its white population. In 1865, General William T. Sherman had issued an order that the Sea Islands' lands, including Sapelo, should be given to the recently freed African American population. Nevertheless, the order was never implemented. By 1871 a consortium of three African American men, which included John Groverner, Katie's father, bought 1,000 acres from the former white owner's heirs and created the settlement of Raccoon Bluff. Katie grew up there attending school until fifth grade. She married Ben Brown on August 7, 1877, and had at least four children. Dr. Turner described her as being very intelligent and serious, if somewhat reticent when he interviewed her. Katie Brown passed away on November 19, 1940, and was buried at Behavior Cemetery, Sapelo Island.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist to make an appointment: ACMarchives@si.edu.
