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Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation records

Creator:
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation  Search this
Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957  Search this
Dockstader, Frederick J.  Search this
Names:
Ford-Bartlett East Greenland Expedition 1930  Search this
Harriman Alaska Expedition (1899)  Search this
Hendricks-Hodge Expedition (1917-1923).  Search this
Huntington Free Library  Search this
Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation  Search this
Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research  Search this
Collector:
Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred), 1879-1965  Search this
Churchill, Clara G.  Search this
Churchill, Frank C. (Frank Carroll), 1850-1912  Search this
Davis, Edward H., b. 1862  Search this
Emmons, George Thornton  Search this
Gridley, Marion E. (Marion Eleanor), 1906-1974  Search this
Harrington, M. R. (Mark Raymond), 1882-1971  Search this
Harvey, Byron  Search this
Harvey, Fred  Search this
Hodge, Frederick Webb, 1864-1956  Search this
Johnson, Frederick, 1904-1994  Search this
Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956  Search this
Lothrop, S. K. (Samuel Kirkland), 1892-1965  Search this
Pepper, George H. (George Hubbard), 1873-1924  Search this
Skinner, Alanson, 1886-1925  Search this
Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950  Search this
Stiles, William F., 1912-1980  Search this
Verrill, A. Hyatt (Alpheus Hyatt), 1871-1954  Search this
Waterman, T. T. (Thomas Talbot), 1885-1936  Search this
Wildschut, William  Search this
Former owner:
Burnett, Edwin K.  Search this
Force, Roland W.  Search this
Extent:
400 Linear feet
Culture:
Indians of North America  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Administrative records
Photographs
Annual reports
Field notes
Correspondence
Ledgers (account books)
Minutes
Date:
1890-1998
Summary:
These records document the governance and programmatic activities of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation (MAI) from its inception in 1904 until its sublimation by the Smithsonian Institution in 1990. The types of materials present in this collection include personal and institutional correspondence, individual subject files, minutes and annual reports, financial ledgers, legal records, expedition field notes, research notes, catalog and object lists, publications, clippings, flyers, maps, photographs, negatives and audio-visual materials. These materials span a varied range of subjects relating to the activities of the museum which are more fully described on the series level.
Scope and Contents:
These records document the governance and programmatic activities of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation (MAI) from its inception in 1904 until its sublimation by the Smithsonian Institution in 1990. The types of materials present in this collection include personal and institutional correspondence, individual subject files, minutes and annual reports, financial ledgers, legal records, expedition field notes, research notes, catalog and object lists, publications, clippings, flyers, maps, photographs, negatives and audio-visual materials. These materials span a varied range of subjects relating to the activities of the museum which are more fully described on the series level.
Arrangement:
The MAI, Heye Foundation records have been arranged into 21 series and 50 subseries: Series 1: Directors, 1908-1990 (1.1: George Gustav Heye, 1863-1962, 1.2: Edwin K. Burnett, 1943-1960, 1.3: Frederick Dockstader, 1950-1976, 1.4: Alexander F. Draper, 1972-1977, 1.5:Roland W. Force, 1963-1990, 1.6: George Eager, Assistant Director, 1977-1990) Series 2: Board of Trustees, 1916-1990 (2.1: Board of Trustee Minutes, 1916-1990, 2.2: Individual Board Correspondence, 1943-1990, 2.3: Subject Files, 1917-1990) Series 3: Administrative, 1916-1989 (3.1: Subject Files, 1904-1991, 3.2: Personnel, 1956-1991, 3.3: Legal, 1900-1989, 3.4: Task Force, 1976-1986, 3.5: George Abrams, 1980-1991) Series 4: Financial, 1916-1990 (4.1: Ledgers, 1900-1962, 4.2: Correspondence, 1905-1985, 4.3: Subject Files, 1916-1990) Series 5: Expeditions, 1896-1973Series 6: Collectors, 1872-1981Series 7: Registration, 1856-1993Series 8: Collections Management, 1937-1988Series 9: Curatorial, 1963-1990 (9.1: Curatorial Council, 1973-1990, 9.2: Gary Galante, 1979-1991, 9.3: Mary Jane Lenz, 1974-1994, 9.4: James G. E. Smith, 1963-1990, 9.5: U. Vincent Wilcox, 1968-1984, 9.6: Anna C. Roosevelt, 1973-1988) Series 10: Exhibits, 1923-1991 (10.1: MAI Exhibits, 1923-1990, 10.2: Non-MAI Exhibits, 1937-1991) Series 11: Public Programs, 1935-1990Series 12: Publications, 1904-1994 (12.1: Annual Reports, 1917-1989, 12.2: Publications by MAI, 1904-1990, 12.3: Publications by Other Sources, 1881-1990, 12.4: Administration, 1920-1988, 12.5: Archival Set of Official Publications, 1907-1976) Series 13: Public Affairs, 1938-1991Series 14: Development, 1927-1991 (14.1: Administration, 1979-1990, 14.2: Donors, 1978-1990, 14.3: Fundraising, 1973-1990, 14.4: Grants, 1970-1990, 14.5: Subject Files, 1976-1990) Series 15: Other Departments, 1914-1990 (15.1: Archives, 1914-1990, 15.2: Conservation, 1972-1989, 15.3: Education, 1921-1990, 15.4: Indian Information Center, 1977-1989, 15.5: Museum Shop, 1947-1989, 15.6: Photography, 1918-1990, 15.7: Physical Anthropology, 1919-1956) Series 16: Huntington Free Library, 1926-1991Series 17: Museum Relocation, 1969-1992 (17.1: Subject Files, 1979-1990, 17.2: American Museum of Natural History, 1980-1987, 17.3: Dallas, Texas, 1984-1987, 17.4: Smithsonian Institution, 1979-1990, 17.5: U.S. Custom House, 1977-1990, 17.6: Other Locations, 1974-1987) Series 18: MediaSeries 19: PhotographsSeries 20: Miscellaneous, 1837-1990Series 21: Oversize, 1873-1972 (21.1: Maps, 1873-1975, 21.2: Miscellaneous, 1884-1982)
History of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation:
The Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation was established by wealthy collector George Gustav Heye in 1908. Heye began collecting American Indian artifacts as early as 1897 and his collection rapidly increased over the next several years. Based in New York, Heye bought collections and documentary photographs, sponsored expeditions, and traveled and collected items himself. In addition, once MAI was established he sponsored numerous expeditions across the Western Hemisphere, including North American, Canada, South America and Central America.

From 1908 to 1917 Heye housed his artifacts on temporary loan at the University of Pennsylvania's University Museum, Pennsylvania, in lofts on East 33rd Street in New York City, and at other depositories. In 1917, the collections moved from his apartment to their permanent museum location at Audubon Terrace, at 155th Street and Broadway in New York City. The museum, containing ethnographic and archaeological collections from North, Central and South America, opened to the public in 1922. Less than ten years later, Heye completed a storage facility in the Pelham Bay area of the Bronx, known as the Research Branch. Heye served as Chairman of the Board and Museum Director until his death in 1957. After growing concern about the financial and other management of the collections came to a head, the museum became part of the Smithsonian Institution in 1989 and in 1994 opened exhibit space in the U.S. Customs House at Bowling Green near New York City's Battery Park. The Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Maryland later opened in 1999 and the main Washington, DC museum opened in 2004.

Please visit the following links for more information about the history of the museum; History of the Collection, Collections Overview, and Significance of the Collection. Moreover, for information about how the museum currently cares for and exhibits the collection, please see the Conservation department and recent entries regarding Exhibitions and Conservation on the NMAI Blog. In addition, see portions of the NMAI Archive Center's collections highlighted in the SIRIS Blog.
Related Materials:
In 2004, the Huntington Fee Library, once part of the MAI/Heye Foundation, was transferred to the Cornell University Library Rare Book and Manuscript Collection. While this collection mainly contained books, it also contained a significant amount of archival materials. The Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection contains outstanding materials documenting the history, culture, languages, and arts of the native tribes of both North and South America, as well as contemporary politics and human rights issues are also important components of the collection. Further information about the collection and links to finding aids can be found here: rmc.library.cornell.edu/collections/HFL_old.html.
Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Peru  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Tennessee  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- New York (State)  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Panama  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- New Jersey  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- New Mexico  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Missouri  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Nevada  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- California  Search this
Indians of South America  Search this
Indians of Central America  Search this
Pre-Columbian objects  Search this
Museum exhibits  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Texas  Search this
Museums -- Collection management  Search this
Archaeological expeditions  Search this
Ethnological expeditions  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Museums -- Acquisitions  Search this
Museums -- Curatorship  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Cuba  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Ecuador  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Arkansas  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Canada  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Guatemala  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Haiti  Search this
Genre/Form:
Administrative records
Photographs
Annual reports
Field notes
Correspondence
Ledgers (account books)
Minutes
Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
NMAI.AC.001
See more items in:
Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation records
Archival Repository:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv412df8cf1-44c0-41fd-9101-eefb477e5aef
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-001
Online Media:

Albert J. Redder papers

Creator:
Redder, Albert J. (Albert Joseph), 1922-  Search this
Watt, Frank H. (Frank Hedden), 1889-1981  Search this
Extent:
6 Linear feet (6 document boxes, 1 map folder, and 2 slide boxes)
Culture:
Early Man -- Paleo-Indian  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1957-2008
Summary:
The papers of Albert J. Redder (1957-2008) primarily document his and Frank H. Watt's archaeological excavations of the Horn Shelter sites Horn Shelter #1 and Horn Shelter #2, but also includes Redder's field notes and research materials relating to other central Texas archaeological sites and correspondence he recieved during his time with the Central Texas Archaeological Society. The collection contains both Redder's and Watt's field notes, data and analyses, manuscript drafts, correspondence, photographs, and illustrations.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of Albert J. Redder document his archaeological excavations and subsequent analysis of various sites across central Texas including the Horn Shelter sites (Horn Shelter #1 and Horn Shelter #2), the Warner Site, and smaller sites in Knox County. The papers reflect his work as an avocational archaeologist and active member of the Central Texas Archaeological Society. Also included are the papers of Frank H. Watt, who excavated and analyzed the Horn Shelter sites alongside Redder. These papers relate to his excavation of and research on the Horn Shelter sites and were given to Redder following Watt's death in 1981.

The collection contains Redder's extensive field notes, photographs, artifact and section illustrations, and research files relating to Horn Shelter #1 and Horn Shelter #2. Additionally there are field notes and surveys from various sites in Knox County, Texas and the Warner Site (41ML46). The papers contain logs of visitors that Redder hosted at the Horn Shelter sites and other central Texas archaeological sites, and correspondence directed to Redder and the Central Texas Archaeological Society, for which Redder was president, field coordinator, and outreach speaker.

Watt's materials consist of field notes, photographs, artifact and site illustrations, and research files relating to Horn Shelter #1 and Horn Shelter #2, and drafts he wrote for the Bulletin of the Texas Archaeological Society. He conducted pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating for the sites, and researched their artifacts which include beamers and the Brazos Fishtail point he would later propose as a type point in 1978.

Please note that the collection contains images of human remains.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The Albert J. Redder papers are divided into 4 series:

Series 1: Horn Shelter #1, 1961-1981 (bulk: 1962-1964)

Series 2: Horn Shelter #2, 1957-1989

Series 3: Texas Archaeology Field Notes, 1970-2002, undated

Series 4: Visitor Logs and Correspondence, 1975-2008
Biographical Note:
Albert J. Redder (b. 1922) is an avocational archaeologist who conducted archaeological field work in central Texas. His friend and colleague Frank H. Watt (1889-1981) was a lithographic artist and avocational archaeologist who also conducted archaeological field work in central Texas. The two worked closely together on multiple projects, including excavating Horn Shelter #1 (41BQ47) from 1960 to 1964 and Horn Shelter #2 (41BQ46) from 1966 to 1990, although Watt ceased excavating circa 1975.

Albert Joseph Redder was born on August 21, 1922 in Munday, Texas. As a child and young adult, Redder was interested in archaeology and collecting arrowpoints but it wasn't until the 1950s when he joined the Texas Archaeological Society. With his membership, he attended meetings and fieldschools, learning excavation techniques and how to document his findings. Redder would later join and actively participate in the Central Texas Archaeological Society, founded by Frank H. Watt and friends. During his time in the Central Texas Archaeological Society, Redder held the positions of president, field coordinator, and outreach speaker. In 1988, the Texas Archaeological Society awarded Redder with a Fellow membership to the organization, a lifetime honor "for meritorious contribution to Texas archeology and the Society," due to his contribution to the field with his work at Horn Shelter.

Frank Hedden Watt was born on January 15, 1889 near Lynnville, Indiana, though he lived in Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Kansas throughout the 1910s working as a lithographic artist. Following his service in World War I, Watt moved to Waco in 1920 where he continued his professional career as a lithographic artist. In 1934 he developed an interest in archaeology and formed the Central Texas Archaeological Society with some of his friends and fellow avocational archaeologists. Watt was passionate about preserving artifacts' context and provenience in his effort to outline Texas's prehistory. In addition to excavation, Watt also published and edited volumes of the Bulletin of the Central Texas Archaeological Society and wrote for and published the Society's Newsletter. Watt's final excavation was Horn Shelter #2 when he was in his mid-80's, although he continued to publish writings after. In 1976 he was awarded a Fellow membership to the Texas Archaeological Society. Watt passed away in 1981 at the age of 92.

In the 1960s and 1970s Albert J. Redder and Frank H. Watt surveyed several archaeological sites on the Herman Horn property in Bosque County along the Brazos River. In 1960 they began excavating Horn Shelter #1, a rock shelter that showed evidence of paleo, archaic, and neo-American occupation. At Horn Shelter #1, Redder and Watt uncovered pottery, bone artifacts, lithic tools, faunal remains, and several burials. In 1967 the pair began excavating Horn Shelter #2, another rock shelter a mere 75 steps north of Horn Shelter #1. Horn Shelter #2 showed evidence of occupation from paleo through the Prohibition era. The site was excavated primarily by Redder, Watt, and Robert E. Forrester who found and documented lithics, bone tools, and faunal remains. The site was split along a balcony ledge that had created a natural divide in the rock shelter: the south-end was excavated by Redder and Watt while the north-end was later excavated by Robert E. Forrester starting in 1968. Redder and Watt meticulously documented and excavated the south-end's 27 stratified layers reaching bedrock at points as deep as 20 feet. In 1970, Redder and Watt uncovered a double burial with a cache of artifacts in a paleo level. Due to the Horn property being a long commute for both Redder and Watt, the two would take over 20 years to excavate this complex site. It was the last site that Watt would participate in excavating before stopping around 1975; Redder excavated the site until 1990.

Chronology of the Life of Albert J. Redder

21 August 1922 -- Born in Munday, Texas, USA

circa 1942-1945 -- Served in the Army in World War II

circa 1950 -- Joined the Texas Archaeological Society

1961-1964 -- Excavated Horn Shelter #1 with Frank H. Watt

1966-1990 -- Excavated the south-end of Horn Shelter #2 with Frank H. Watt

August 1970 -- Uncovered the paleo-level double burial at Horn Shelter #2

1985 -- Authored Horn Shelter Number 2: The South End, A Preliminary Report

1988 -- Recognized as a Fellow of the Texas Archaeological Society Coauthored Excavation and Positioning of the Horn Shelter's Burial and Grave Goods with John W. Fox

Chronology of the Life of Frank H. Watt

15 January 1889 -- Born near Lynnville, Indiana

circa 1917 -- Served in World War I as an aircraft mechanic at Ellington Field

1920 -- Moved to Waco, Texas

1934 -- Founded the Central Texas Archaeological Society

1937-1969 -- Edited and published the Bulletin of the Central Texas Archaeological Society

1938 -- Joined the Texas Archaeological Society

1966-circa 1975 -- Excavated the south-end of Horn Shelter #2 with Albert J. Redder

1967 -- Became President Emeritus of the Central Texas Archaeological Society

1976 -- Recognized as a Fellow of the Texas Archaeological Society

1978 -- Authored Radiocarbon Chronology of Sites in the Central Brazos Valley

9 October 1981 -- Died at the age of 92

Sources Consulted

Bischof, Robin E. "Boxes and Boxes, Missing Context and an Avocational Archaeologist: Making Sense of the Frank Watt Collection at the Mayborn Museum Complex." Master's thesis, Baylor University, 2011.

Lawrence, T. G. Jr. and Albert J. Redder. "Frank H. Watt, The Central Texas Archaeologist." Central Texas Archaeologist, Journal of the Central Texas Archaeological Society 10 (1985): 7-11.

Mott Davis, E. "Watt, Frank Hedden." Handbook of Texas Online, accessed June 14, 2023, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/watt-frank-hedden.

Smith, Heather. "Horn Shelter." Texas Beyond History, December 2010. https://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/horn/index.html.

Redder, Albert J. "Horn Shelter Number 2: The South End, A Preliminary Report." Central Texas Archeologist, Journal of the Central Texas Archeological Society 10 (1985): 37-65.
Related Materials:
Artifacts and other archaeological materials from Albert J. Redder's and Frank H. Watt's excavation of Horn Shelter #1 and the south-end of Horn Shelter #2 are held in the Anthropology collections of the National Museum of Natural History in accessions 2055811 and 2084039. Artifacts from Redder's excavations of the Warner Site (41ML46) and various Knox County (41KX) sites are in accession 2055811 but are not yet processed.

Artifacts and other archaeological materials from Robert E. Forrester's excavation of the north-end of Horn Shelter #2 can be found in accession 2092737.

A selection of artifacts and soil samples from the south-end of Horn Shelter #2 are located at Baylor University's Mayborn Museum Complex.

Baylor University holds more of Frank Watt's papers in the Frank Heddon Watt collection.
Provenance:
These papers were donated with associated artifacts to NMNH's Department of Anthropology by Albert J. Redder in 2009. The papers were transfered to the National Anthropological Archives in 2023.
Restrictions:
The Albert J. Redder papers is open for research.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology -- Texas  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Archaeology -- United States  Search this
Lithics -- American Indian  Search this
Citation:
Albert J. Redder papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.2023-09
See more items in:
Albert J. Redder papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3cfacf544-bdd3-4302-96e3-f56930db770a
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2023-09

Pictures of Record, Inc. photograph collection of Late Caddo culture

Collector:
Pictures of Record, Inc.  Search this
Photographer:
Arkansas Archeological Survey  Search this
Names:
Soule, William S. (William Stinson), 1836-1908  Search this
Extent:
70 Copy color slides
Culture:
Caddo  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Copy color slides
Photographs
Place:
Arkansas -- Antiquities
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents note:
Copies of images of Caddo Indians, structures, and artifacts and excavations of Caddo sites. The collection includes copies of 19th century photographs by William S. Soule and photographs of excavations by the Arkansas Archeological Survey, circa 1972.
Biographical/Historical note:
Pictures of Record, Inc. publishes scholarly annotated images, largely for use in teaching. The set on "Late Caddo Culture (Caddo III-V)" was annotated by Frank F. Schambach and Ann M. Early of the Arkansas Archeological Survey. According to Schambach and Early, "In 1200, the Caddo on the southwest edge of the Eastern woodland not only retained, but elaborated disappearing Mississippian traits. Temple mounds were in use in 1692 and the great ceramic tradition reached a peak around 1700."
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot R86-18
Reproduction Note:
Copy slides made by Pictures of Record, Inc., copyright 1985.
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional photographs of Caddo Indians by William Soule can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4659, Photo Lot 3912, and Photo Lot 24.
Additional photographs of Caddo Indians can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 25, Photo Lot 76, MS 4558, MS 3302, MS 4659, and the BAE historical negatives.
Caddo artifacts can be found in the Department of Anthropology in accessions 001317, 257511, 113605, E432918-0, 374095, and 358176.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Copy slides in this collection that represent photographs not held by the National Anthropological Archives are for reference only.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Indians of North America -- Southern states  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo lot R86-18, Pictures of Record, Inc. photograph collection of Late Caddo culture, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
NAA.PhotoLot.R86-18
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw39ced7b88-3d61-4b29-8ce7-43dd5a5e0041
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-r86-18

Jesse Walter Fewkes photograph collection relating to archaeological subjects

Creator:
Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930  Search this
Photographer:
Beam, George L. (George Lytle), 1868-1935  Search this
Gill, De Lancey, 1859-1940  Search this
Higley, Elmer Ellsworth  Search this
McKee, Thomas M., 1854-1939  Search this
Poley, H. S. (Horace Swartley)  Search this
Rowland, Wesley R.  Search this
Wittick, Ben, 1845-1903  Search this
Artist:
Gill, Mary W.  Search this
Mullett, G. M.  Search this
Extent:
9 Prints (cromolithograph)
40 Prints (circa, halftone)
77 Prints (circa, albumen)
84 Drawings (visual works) (circa 84 drawings (some mechanically produced))
1,655 Prints (circa, silver gelatin)
71 Copy negatives
43 Copy prints
363 Negatives (photographic) (circa, nitrate)
7 Paintings (visual works)
1 Print (cyanotype)
1 Print (photogravure)
1 Postcard (collotype)
Culture:
Diné (Navajo)  Search this
A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this
Hopi Pueblo  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this
Huastec  Search this
Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan)  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Prints
Drawings (visual works)
Copy negatives
Copy prints
Negatives (photographic)
Paintings (visual works)
Postcards
Photographs
Place:
Tennessee -- Antiquities
Stikine River (B.C. and Alaska)
South Carolina -- Antiquities
New Mexico -- Antiquities
Huasteca Region (Mexico)
Maryland -- Antiquities
Louisiana -- Antiquities
Alabama -- Antiquities
Arizona -- Antiquities
Colorado -- Antiquities
Cahokia Mounds State Historic Park (Ill.)
Florida -- Antiquities
Mexico -- Antiquities
Hovenweep National Monument (Utah and Colo.)
Utah -- Antiquities
Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.)
Navajo National Monument
Casa Grande (Ariz.)
Date:
circa 1890-1928
Scope and Contents note:
Photographs and drawings mostly relating to archeological subjects, collected and arranged by Jesse Walter Fewkes for his reference. Subjects include burial mounds, excavations, drawn maps, as well as urns, implements, idols, pottery, and other artifacts found in excavations, and Hopi, Zuni, and Piegan ceremonies and dances. Many of the photographs and drawings were probably made by Fewkes. Publication information is noted on some. The collection also includes newspaper clippings and correspondence.

Photographs were taken in Alabama, Arizona (including Casa Grande, Elden Pueblo, Navajo National Monument, and Wupatki National Monument), Colorado (including Mesa Verde and Montezuma Valley), Florida (including Weeden Island), Illinois (Cahokia Mound), Louisiana, Maryland, Mexico (including La Huasteca Region), Mississippi Valley, New Mexico (including Chaco Canyon, Hawikuh, and Mimbres Valley), South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah (including Hill Canyon, McElmo Canyon, and McLean Basin Ruins), Hovenweep National Monument, the West Indies (including Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, and Cuba), and West Virginia.
Biographical/Historical note:
Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850-1930) was a naturalist, anthropologist, and archeologist, and chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1918 to his death in 1928. Fewkes received a Ph.D. in marine zoology from Harvard in 1877, and acted as curator of lower invertebrates at the Museum of Comparative Zoology until 1887. While on a collecting trip in the western United States, he developed an interest in the culture and history of the Pueblo Indians. In 1891, Fewkes became director of the Hemenway Southwestern Archeological Expedition and editor of the Journal of American Archeology and Ethnology, studying and recording Hopi ceremonials. In 1895, he embarked on various archeological explorations for the Bureau of American Ethnology, excavating ruins in the Southwest, the West Indies, and Florida. He was appointed chief of the Bureau in 1918, and played an important role in the creation of Hovenweep National Monument in Colorado and Wupatki National Monument in Arizona.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 4321
Location of Other Archival Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives also holds the Jesse Walter Fewkes Papers (MS 4408), his photographs of excavations in Mesa Verde (Photo Lot 30), his negatives (Photo Lot 86), and other manuscript collections by and related to Fewkes' ethnological research and archeology and his work with the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Correspondence from Fewkes held in the National Anthropological Archives in the George L. Beam papers (MS 4517), the Henry Bascom Collins, Jr. papers, the Anthropological Society of Washington records (MS 4821), the Herbert William Krieger papers, the J.C. Pilling papers, the Walter Hough Papers (in the records of the Department of Anthropology), and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The anthropology collections of the National Museum of Natural History hold artifacts collected by Fewkes, including USNM ACC 048761 (relating to Casa Grande excavations) and USNM ACC 050765 (relating to Mesa Verde excavations).
Restrictions:
Original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Burial  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 4321, Jesse Walter Fewkes photograph collection relating to archaeological subjects, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.PhotoLot.4321
See more items in:
Jesse Walter Fewkes photograph collection relating to archaeological subjects
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw326ec7376-28c6-4b70-ad07-f145221fcf18
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-4321
Online Media:

Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki papers

Creator:
Solecki, Ralph S.  Search this
Solecki, Rose L.  Search this
Extent:
104 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Place:
Shanidar Cave (Iraq)
Alaska -- Archaeology
Date:
1902-2020
bulk 1951-1999
Summary:
The papers of Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki, 1904-2017 (bulk 1951-1999) primarily document their archaeological excavations and subsequent analysis of sites in Southwest Asia including Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq; Yabroud, Syria; and Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh, Lebanon primarily during the 1950s-1980s. The papers also include their work at other sites throughout the Near East and North America and files relating to the professional careers at the Smithsonian Institution, Columbia University, and Texas A&M University. The collection consists of field notes, data and analysis, manuscript drafts, publications, correspondence, illustrations and maps, photographic prints, negatives, slides, and recorded film.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki document their archaeological excavations and subsequent analysis of sites in Southwest Asia including Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq; Yabroud, Syria; Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh, Lebanon primarily during the 1950s-1980s. The papers also reflect their academic careers as students and faculty at Columbia University, staff at the Smithsonian Institution, and adjunct faculty at Texas A&M University.

The bulk of the collection consists of materials relating to the Soleckis' archaeological excavations at Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq (1951-1960); Yabroud, Syria and locations in Turkey as part of the Columbia University Near East expeditions (or C.U.N.E.) (1963-1965, 1981, 1987-1988); Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh, Lebanon (1969-1973). These materials include field notebooks, excavation catalogs, research notes, data analysis, manuscript drafts, publications, correspondence, illustrations, maps, photographs, slides, sound recordings, and film. Similar materials from other expeditions and projects include aerial photography projects in the 1950s-1960s; expeditions to Alaska in 1949 and 1961; expeditions to Sudan (as part of the Columbia University Nubian Expedition, also abbreviated C.U.N.E.) and Iran in the 1960s-1970s; Rose's work in Peru and Afghanistan in the 1950s; and various archaeological projects elsewhere in North America such as Ralph's work with the River Basin Surveys in the 1940s-1950s contain similar materials.

The papers also contain research and teaching files in the form of annotated publications, course materials, student theses, and other files from their time as students and faculty at Columbia University, staff at the Smithsonian Institution, and adjunct faculty at Texas A&M University. Correspondence and administrative files such as grant applications, daybooks, and departmental forms and files from their professional careers are also within the collection. Personal files, while sparse, are also represented.

Please note that the collection contains images of human remains.
Arrangement:
The Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki papers are divided into 7 series:

• Series 1: Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Iraq, 1947-2017 (bulk 1951-1990)

• Series 2: Yabroud, Syria and Other Localities, 1950-2017 (bulk 1964-1988)

• Series 3: Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh, Lebanon, 1968-2008 (bulk 1969-1973)

• Series 4: Other Expeditions and Projects, 1930-1986, 2006

• Series 5: Research and Teaching Files, 1912-2012 (bulk 1950-2000)

• Series 6: Correspondence and Administrative Files, 1937-2020 (bulk: 1950-2000)

• Series 7: Personal Files, 1902-2014 (bulk: 1950-2000)
Biographical / Historical:
Ralph S. Solecki (1917-2019) and Rose L. Solecki (b. 1925) are archaeologists that worked in the Near East at Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar in northern Iraq (1951-1960); Yabroud, Syria (1963-1965, 1981, 1987); and Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh in Lebanon (1969-1973). Ralph Solecki also conducted archaeological field work in North America at sites in Nebraska, Alaska, and New York as well as with the Smithsonian Institution's River Basin Surveys. From 1958-1988, Ralph Solecki was a professor of anthropology at Columbia University. The Soleckis became adjunct faculty at Texas A&M University.

Stefan Ralph Solecki was born on October 15th, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York. After graduating from Newtown High School in 1936, he attended the City College of New York from 1936-1941 and received a B.S. in Geology in 1942. Solecki then served in the US Army and fought in World War II. He was discharged in 1945. In 1946, Solecki enrolled at Columbia University to study Anthropology, and he received a M.A. degree in 1950. During this time, Solecki worked for the River Basin Surveys at the Smithsonian Institution. He also accompanied a geological survey to northern Alaska in 1949 (and later in 1961). In 1951, he became an associate curator of archaeology at the Smithsonian Institution. In that same year, he traveled to Iraq to survey prehistoric sites and began Season I of excavation at Shanidar Cave. Solecki then received a Fulbright fellowship to return to Iraq in 1953-1954 to continue excavations at Shanidar Cave (Season II) and conduct research at the Iraq Museum in Baghdad. In 1958, he received his PhD in Anthropology from Columbia University and accepted a faculty position within the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University. Following the final two seasons of excavation at Shanidar Cave (see below for details on Season III and IV), Solecki led a number of Columbia University expeditions to various locations around the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. He also spent three seasons (1963-1964, 1981, 1987) surveying and excavating the site of Yabroud in Syria and three field seasons excavating the sites of Nahr Ibrahim (1969, 1970, 1973) and El Masloukh (1969) in Lebanon. Solecki retired from Columbia University in 1988.

Rose Muriel (née Lilien) Solecki was born on November 18th, 1925 in New York City, New York. She completed her undergraduate studies in Anthropology from Hunter College in 1945, and she went on to receive her M.A. and PhD degrees in Anthropology from Columbia University. While at Columbia, she joined the American Museum of Natural History's 2nd expedition to Afghanistan in 1950. She also studied under William Duncan Strong and joined Strong's excavations in Peru from 1952-1953. Rose Solecki acted as a research associate within the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University until Ralph Solecki's retirement in 1988.

Ralph and Rose met at Columbia University as students and married in 1955. In 1956-1957, both Ralph and Rose Solecki travelled to Iraq, where Ralph conducted a third season of excavation at Shanidar Cave and Rose excavated the nearby Zawi Chemi Shanidar village site. In 1960, the Soleckis returned for a fourth and final field season of excavation at Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar, where they were accompanied by Smithsonian Institution curator of Physical Anthropology, T. Dale Stewart. Ralph and Rose Solecki both held positions at Columbia University until Ralph's retirement in 1988. In 1990, Ralph and Rose served as adjunct professors at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. In 2000, they left Texas A&M University and moved to South Orange, New Jersey.

Ralph Solecki died in Livingston, New Jersey on March 20, 2019.

Chronology of the Life of Ralph S. Solecki

1917 October 15 -- Born in Brooklyn, New York, USA

1942 -- B.S. in Geology from City College of New York

1942-1945 -- Served in the United States Army during World War II

1948 -- Started working with the Smithsonian Institution's River Basin Surveys

1948-1949 -- Accompanied a United States Geological Survey party to the upper Kokpowruk and Kokolik rivers at the Brooks Range in northwestern Alaska

1950 -- M.A. in Anthropology from Columbia University

1951 -- First field season at Shanidar Cave, Iraq

1953-1954 -- Fulbright fellowship to conduct fieldwork in Iraq Second field season at Shanidar Cave, Iraq Shanidar Child skeleton discovered

1955 -- Married Rose M. Lilien

1956-1957 -- Third field season at Shanidar Cave, Iraq Shanidar I, II, and III skeletons discovered

1958 -- Appointed Associate Curator of Archaeology at the Smithsonian Institution PhD in Anthropology from Columbia University Accepted post at Columbia University as Associate Professor of Anthropology

1960 -- Fourth field season at Shanidar Cave Shanidar IV, V, VI, VII (or IV-VII), and VIII skeletons discovered

1961-1962 -- Columbia University Nubian Expedition to Sudan

1963 -- Columbia University Near East (C.U.N.E.) Expedition to Seberde, Turkey and Yabroud, Syria

1964-1965 -- Columbia University Near East (C.U.N.E.) Expedition to Yabroud, Syria

1969-1973 -- Three field seasons at Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh, Lebanon

1971 -- Authored Shanidar: The First Flower People

1981 -- Archaeological survey at Yabroud, Syria

1987-1988 -- Field season at Yabroud, Syria

1988 -- Retired from Columbia University

1990-2000 -- Served as Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at Texas A&M University

2004 -- Coauthored The Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave with Rose L. Solecki and Anagnostis P. Agelarakis

2019 March 20 -- Died in Livingston, New Jersey

Chronology of the Life of Rose L. Solecki

1925 November 18 -- Born in New York City, New York

circa 1945 -- B.S. in Anthropology at Hunter College

1946 -- Enrolled at Columbia University

1950 -- Joined the American Museum of Natural History's Second Archaeological Expedition to Afghanistan

1952-1953 -- Field season in Peru under William Duncan Strong

1956 -- PhD from Columbia University

1956-1957 -- First field season at Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Iraq

1960 -- Second field season at Zawi Chemi Shanidar, Iraq

1990-2000 -- Served as Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at Texas A&M University

2004 -- Coauthored The Proto-Neolithic Cemetery in Shanidar Cave with Ralph S. Solecki and Anagnostis P. Agelarakis
Related Materials:
The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History's Department of Anthropology contains archaeological and ethnological collections relating to the work of Ralph and Rose Solecki including accession numbers 187539, 187542, 189439, 202536, 209544, 217009, 220078, 220920, 224347, 224956, 228740, 232170, 242336, 249217, 356696. Accession 220078 contains archaeological and archaeobiological material excavated by Ralph and Rose Solecki at Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar. An accretion transferred in 2016 was cataloged as part of the Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki Papers and Artifacts Project (2017-2019) and cross-references excavation and artifact analysis within the Solecki papers.

The NMNH Department of Anthropology's Collections also holds uncatalogued material from the Yabroud sites as well as material from Turkey potentially excavated during the 1963 field season; the Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh sitesin Lebanon in 1969, 1970, and 1973; Europe including material from France, Poland, England, Denmark, and Belgium in the 1960s; and from Sudan during the Columbia University Nubian Expedition (CUNE) to Sudan and Egypt in 1961.

The Iraq Museum in Baghdad holds archaeolgical material from the Shanidar Cave and Zawi Chemi Shanidar sites excavated by Ralph and Rose Solecki.

Archaeological material excavated by Ralph Solecki from the Yabroud sites in Syria is held at the National Museum of Damascus in Syria.

Texas A&M University's Anthropology Research Collections holds material excavated by the Soleckis from the Nahr Ibrahim and El Masloukh sites and possibly material from Shanidar Cave.

Records relating to the American Museum of Natural History's Expeditions to Afghanistan may be found in the Special Collections of the American Museum of Natural History's Research Library as well as a collection titled "Field diary, Second Afghan Expedition, American Museum of Natural History, 1950-08 - 1951-02" at the Harvard University Library.

Artifacts and archival material excavated and created by the Soleckis from the 1968 field season at the Tepe Seavan site in Iran can be found at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

Archaeological and archival material related to the Soleckis work in New York and surrounding localities are housed at the American Museum of Natural History and other local historical societies.
Separated Materials:
Materials containing personally identifiable information (PII) and born digital materials have been separated, and research access is restricted. In some instances, documents have been copied and redacted; however, in other cases, the entire file has been restricted. Please contact the repository for more information about restricted materials.

Photographs of anthropologists were also separated and added to Photo Lot 92-35.
Provenance:
These papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Ralph and Rose Solecki and their sons, John and William, in 2016, 2018, and 2019.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Occupation:
Women archaeologists  Search this
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Archaeology -- Iraq  Search this
Archaeologists  Search this
Early man -- Neanderthal  Search this
Human evolution  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Archaeology -- United States  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Middle East  Search this
Citation:
Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.2016-29
See more items in:
Ralph S. and Rose L. Solecki papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw31877394a-46ab-49fa-b941-094b0f6e3760
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2016-29
Online Media:

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers

Creator:
Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975  Search this
Stirling, Marion  Search this
Names:
National Geographic Society (U.S.)  Search this
Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
37.94 Linear feet (84 boxes, 3 map folders)
Culture:
Olmec (archaeological culture)  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Field notes
Photographs
Correspondence
Place:
Papua New Guinea
Mexico
Ecuador
Costa Rica
Panama
Date:
1876-2004, undated
bulk 1921-1975
Summary:
The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, 1876-2004 (bulk 1921-1975), document the professional and personal lives of Matthew Stirling, Smithsonian archaeologist and Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), and his wife and constant collaborator, Marion Stirling Pugh. The bulk of the material is professional in nature and includes material from Matthew's early career in the 1920s, the careers of Matthew and Marion together from when they married in 1933 to Matthew's death in 1975, and Marion's life and work from 1975 until her death in 2001.

The majority of the documentation relates to the investigation of the Olmec culture in Mexico by the Stirlings, including the discoveries of eight colossal Olmec heads. In addition, the collection documents their work in Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica, looking for connections between Mesoamerica and South America. Materials include field notes, journals, correspondence, photographs, writings, clippings, ephemera, articles, and scrapbooks.
Scope and Contents:
The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, 1876-2004 (bulk 1921-1975), document the professional and personal lives of Matthew Stirling, Smithsonian archaeologist, and Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), and his wife and constant collaborator, Marion Stirling Pugh. The bulk of the material is professional in nature and includes material from Matthew's early career in the 1920s, the careers of Matthew and Marion together from when they married in 1933 to Matthew's death in 1975, and Marion's life and work from 1975 until her death in 2001. The majority of the documentation relates to the investigation of the Olmec culture in Mexico by the Stirlings, including the discoveries of eight colossal Olmec heads. In addition, the collection documents their work in Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica, looking for connections between Mesoamerica and South America. Materials include field notes, journals, correspondence, photographs, writings, clippings, ephemera, articles, and scrapbooks.

Series 1. Field work, 1921-1998 (bulk 1921-1975) and undated, documents the archaeological expeditions undertaken by Matthew and Marion Stirling over a span of 40 years. This includes expeditions Matthew undertook prior to his marriage and collaboration with Marion to Papua New Guinea, Ecuador, and Florida, and extensive documentation of expeditions they embarked on together to Mexico, Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica.

Series 2. Other travels, 1946-1972 is comprised of materials documenting trips the Stirlings took that, for the most part, did not include field work. This includes trips for both business and personal travel, however it was common for the two to overlap.

Series 3. Administrative files, 1924-1980 and undated is partly comprised of materials the Stirlings compiled and organized into an alphabetical filing structure and also of materials that are administrative in nature and did not directly relate to other categories outlined in this finding aid.

Series 4 Writings and lectures, 1925-1990 and undated, consists of articles, papers, drafts, and notes primarily written by Matthew Stirling, with some materials co-written by Marion, and documentation relating to presentations the Stirlings gave regarding their field work and other professional matters. Also included is material relating to films that were made about the Stirling's work.

Series 5. Personal and family materials, 1880-1996 and undated, consists of documents, photographs, and ephemera that are personal in nature. This includes items relating to Matthew Stirling's young life and family history, photographs, correspondence, and clippings relating to his extended family, and photographs of and correspondence from Matt and Marion's children.

Series 6. Anthropological journals, 1876-1959, consists of collections of anthropological journals collected and categorized for reference and research purposes.

Series 7. Marion Stirling Pugh, 1924-2004 (bulk 1948-2002) and undated, consists of materials relating to endeavors Marion undertook without Matthew, primarily relating to her participation in the Society of Women Geographers from 1948-2000 and her life after Matthew died in 1975 until her death in 2001.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged in 7 series: 1) Field work, 1921-1998 (bulk 1921-1975), undated; 2) Other travels, 1946-1972; 3) Administrative files, 1924-1980, undated; 4) Writings and lectures, 1925-1990, undated; 5) Personal and family materials, 1880-1996, undated; 6) Anthropological journals, 1876-1959; 7) Marion Stirling Pugh, 1924-2004 (bulk 1948-2002), undated.
Biographical note:
MATTHEW WILLIAMS STIRLING:

Matthew Williams Stirling, archaeologist and Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), was born on August 28, 1896 in Salinas, California. After serving as an Ensign in the Navy from 1917-1919, he graduated with a B.A. in Anthropology in 1920 from the University of California, Berkeley studying under T.T. Waterman, Alfred L. Kroeber, and E.W. Gifford. From 1920-1921 he worked as a teaching fellow at the university, where he taught William Duncan Strong. Stirling's first tenure at the Smithsonian (then the U.S. National Museum (USNM)) was from 1921-1924, first as a museum aide, then as an Assistant Curator of Ethnology. While in the position he took night classes at George Washington University and received his M.A. in 1922. He received an honorary Sc.D. from Tampa University in 1943. In 1924, Stirling resigned his position at the museum and embarked on a journey to South American with his friend Perry Patton. From 1925-1927 he embarked on the Smithsonian sponsored American-Dutch Expedition to Papua New Guinea to explore the previously unknown interior region of Dutch New Guinea. Stirling was appointed Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution in 1928 and married Marion Illig in 1933. They worked together for the next 40 years studying Olmec culture and the connection to greater Mesoamerica and South America. They had two children (Matthew W. Stirling Jr. in 1938 and Ariana Stirling in 1942). Stirling retired as Director of the B.A.E. on December 31, 1957. He died January 23, 1975 in Washington, D.C.

Sources consulted:

Collins, Henry B. "Matthew Williams Stirling, 1896-1975." American Anthropologist, New Series, 78, no. 4 (1976): 886-88.

Coe, Michael D. "Matthew Williams Stirling, 1896-1975." American Antiquity 41, no. 1 (1976): 67-73.

MARION STIRLING PUGH:

Marion Stirling Pugh (nee Illig) was born in Middletown, New York on May 12, 1911. She graduated from Rider College in 1930 and came to Washington D.C. in 1931 where she took a job as a secretary to the Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Matthew Stirling. She attended night school at George Washington University from 1931-1933 where she studied anthropology, geology, and Russian. Marion and Matthew were married on December 11, 1933 and promptly embarked on a honeymoon expedition to Florida where Matthew was in charge of Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects. They worked together for the next 40 years studying Olmec culture and the connection to greater Mesoamerica and South America. They had two children (Matthew W. Stirling Jr. in 1938 and Ariana Stirling in 1942).

Marion was an active member of the Society of Women Geographers and was elected to the executive board in 1954. She served as president of the society from 1960-1963 and 1969-1972. She had a long-time association with the Textile Museum in Washington D.C. and in the 1970s established what would become the Latin American Research Fund to secure Latin American ethnographic textiles for the museum.

After Matthew's death in 1975, Marion married General John Ramsey Pugh in 1977. Pugh died in 1994. Marion continued to travel the world, including making a trip to Antarctica in her 80s, until her death on April 24, 2001 in Tucson, Arizona.

Sources consulted:

"Marion Stirling Pugh, 89." The Washington Post. May 11, 2001. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2001/05/11/marion-stirling-pugh-89/01329ba8-f32b-4d66-83fb-9f3c311aaefb/?utm_term=.ab20f25e060b (accessed May 16, 2019).

Conroy, Sarah Booth. "Archaeologist Marion Pugh, Digging Up Memories." The Washington Post. July 8, 1996. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/07/08/archaeologist-marion-pugh-digging-up-memories/09f465e7-5900-455e-bcd5-b81828a502d5/?utm_term=.703ff0e84313 (accessed May 16, 2019).

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh Chronology

1896 August 28 -- Matthew Williams Stirling born in Salinas, California to Ariana and John Williams Stirling

1911 May 12 -- Marion Illig born in Middletown, New York

1914-1920 -- Matthew Stirling attended the University of California, Berkeley, receiving his B.A. in Anthropology in 1920. He studied under A.L. Kroeber, T.T. Waterman, and E.W. Gifford.

1917-1919 -- Matthew Stirling served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy during World War I

1920 -- Matthew Stirling's travels to Europe with his parents

1920-1921 -- Matthew Stirling worked as teaching fellow at the University of California, Berkeley and taught William Duncan Strong

1921-1924 -- Matthew Stirling worked at the United States National Museum (USNM), first as a Museum Aide and then as an Assistant Curator of Ethnology

1922 -- Matthew Stirling received Master of Arts degree from George Washington University, studying under Truman Michelson Matthew Stirling went on a trip to the cave country of France and Spain with friend Perry J. Patton

1923 Winter -- Matthew Stirling sent by J. Walter Fewkes to excavate at Weedon (or Weeden) Island, Florida

1924 Spring -- Matthew Stirling resigned from his Smithsonian USNM post

1924 Summer -- Matthew Stirling conducted excavations in Mobridge, South Dakota

1924 July -- Matthew Stirling went on a trip to South America with friend, Perry J. Patton

1924 Winter -- Matthew Stirling continued excavations in Weedon Island, FL

1924-1925 -- Matthew Stirling sold real estate on Weedon Island, Florida to fund the expedition to Papua New Guinea in the winters of 1924 and 1925

1925-1927 -- Matthew Stirling organized and led the American-Dutch Expedition (or Smithsonian Institution-Dutch Colonial Government expedition) to Papua New Guinea

1928 -- Matthew Stirling named Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) at the Smithsonian Institution

1929 March-April -- Matthew Stirling surveyed mounds in Tampa Bay and Calusa areas of Florida

1930s -- Matthew Stirling conducted various archaeological excavations in Georgia and Florida under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

1930 -- Marion Illig received a Bachelor of Science degree from Rider College From February through April, Mathew Stirling conducted more work on Tampa Bay mounds in Florida In July, Matthew Stirling went to Marfa, Texas to examine pictographs in caves and also went to Deeth, Nevada

1931 September-1932 March -- Matthew Stirling a member of the Latin American Expedition to South and Central America. He studied the Tule/Kuna Indians in Panama and the Jivaro in Ecuador

1931-1933 -- Marion Illig moved to Washington D.C. to attend George Washington University and worked at the BAE as a secretary for Matthew Stirling

1933 December 11 -- Matthew and Marion Stirling married

1933 December-1934 May 5 -- Matthew Stirling supervised Federal Civil Works Administration (or Federal Emergency Relief Administration) projects in Florida, also called Florida Federal Relief (Bradenton, Perico Island, Canaveral Island, and Belle Glade) and BAE excavations in Macon, Georgia

1934 October -- Conducted archaeological work in King, Queen, and Halifax counties in Virginia and Granville City, North Carolina

1935 -- Matthew Stirling acted as the president of the Anthropological Society of Washington Expedition to Guatemala, Honduras, and Yucatan Peninsula to study the Maya and the Quché (or Quiche) Indians from January to February 15, 1935

1935-1936 -- Matthew Stirling acted as the vice president of the American Anthropological Association

1936 -- Matthew Stirling and WPA workers conducted archaeological surveys in southern Florida in July 1936 Matthew and Marion Stirling visited an excavation in Macon, Georgia in Fall 1936 Matthew Stirling supervised archaeological projects in Hillsborough and Dade Counties in Florida

1938 January-March -- Matthew and Marion Stirling take first field trip to Mexico, visiting Tres Zapotes

1938 December 24-1939 April 15 -- First Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with C.W. Weiant. Excavated Tres Zapotes and discovered lower portion of Stela C

1939 -- Matthew Stirling received his first Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society

1939 December 26-1940 April 20 -- Second Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated Cerro de las Mesas and La Venta

1940 December 29-1941 April 30 -- Third Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated Cerro de las Mesas and Izapa

1941 -- Matthew and Marion Stirling received the Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society (shared with Richard Hewitt Stewart)

1942 April -- Matthew Stirling visited Dr. Philip Drucker at La Venta

1942 April-June -- Fourth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Visited Tuxtla Gutierrez, Zoque, Tzotzil and Chamula Indians, and Palenque

1943 -- Fifth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Waldo R. Wedel. Excavated La Venta Matthew Stirling awarded honorary Doctor of Science from Tampa University

1944 January 28-May -- Sixth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Visited Michoacán, Jalisco, Uruapan, Tlaquepaque, and Tarascan Indians from Lake Pátzcuaro and conducted archaeological surveys in Southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche

1945 January 22-May 31 -- Seventh Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Excavated La Venta, San Lorenzo, Piedra Parada, and Tapachula

1946 January 26-April -- Eighth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated San Lorenzo

1947 -- Matthew Stirling becomes Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology (title changed from "Chief")

1947 December-1948 -- First Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expeditions to Panama including Cocle, Balboa, Chitre, Parita (Sixto Pinilla Place), Monagrillo, and El Hatillo

1949 -- Second Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1951 -- Third Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1953 -- Fourth Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1954 -- Marion Stirling elected to the executive board of the Society of Women Geographers

1955 -- "Pan Am" (or Inter-American Highway) Road Trip

1956-1957 -- Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Ecuador. Excavated in the ManabÍ Province

1957 December 31 -- Matthew Stirling retired as Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology

1958 -- Matthew Stirling received his third Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society

1960-1963 -- Marion Stirling acted as president for the Society of Women Geographers for the first time

1960-1975 -- Matthew Stirling's membership in the National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration

1961 -- Trip to Mexico Marion Stirling's trip to Peru Matthew Stirling collaborated with Dr. L.S.B. Leakey through the NGS Committee on Research and Exploration

1963 -- Trip to Nicaragua

1964 -- Expedition to Costa Rica Trip to Asia

1967 -- International Tuna Match, Bahamas

1968 -- Trip to New Guinea Attended the Cultural Olympics in Mexico City

1969 -- Trip to Turkey, Bali, Etc.

1969-1972 -- Marion Stirling acted as president for the Society of Women Geographers for the second time

1972 -- Trip to Peru, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands Farmer finds upper portion of Stela C, confirming Matthew Stirling's original date as 31 B.C.

1972-1973 -- Trip to Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

1974 -- Marion Stirling established the Mexican Research Fund (now the Latin American Research fund) for the Textile Museum

1975 January 23 -- Matthew Williams Stirling died in Washington D.C.

1977 -- Marion Stirling married Major General John Ramsey Pugh

1985 -- Marion Stirling Pugh received the Distinguished Service Medal from the Peruvian Embassy

1994 -- Death of Major General John Ramsey Pugh Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to Spain, Portugal, and Morocco

1995 -- Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to Antarctica and the Falkland Islands

1996 -- Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to China, and separately to Belize and Honduras

2001 April 24 -- Marion Stirling Pugh died in Tucson, Arizona
Separated Materials:
Film materials were transferred to the Human Studies Film Archive (HSFA).
Provenance:
The bulk of these papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives in 2016 by Matthew and Marion Stirling's grandchildren, Jessica Gronberg and Jeremy Withers.
Restrictions:
The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers are open for research.

The scrapbooks listed in Series 1.7 are restricted due to preservation concerns. Please contact the reference archivist for more information.

Access to the Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Occupation:
Women archaeologists  Search this
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Genre/Form:
Field notes
Photographs
Correspondence
Citation:
Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.2016-24
See more items in:
Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw31131a350-b4ba-421a-bc30-0ecfb99820e9
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-2016-24

The Bentsen-Clark site, Red River County, Texas : a preliminary report / by Larry D. Banks and Joe Winters ; with an appendix by Jane Buikstra and Diedre Fowler

Author:
Banks, Larry D  Search this
Winters, Joe  Search this
Physical description:
viii, 97 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Red River Co
Date:
1975
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Call number:
F392.R33 B21
F392.R33B21
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_74298

Archeological bibliography for the southeastern region of Texas / compiled by William E. Moore ; with contributions by Paul V. Heinrich ... [et al]

Author:
Moore, Bill 1943-  Search this
Heinrich, Paul V  Search this
Texas Historical Commission  Search this
Physical description:
xvii, 159 p. : ill. ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Date:
1989
Topic:
Bibliography  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)--Bibliography  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Call number:
E78.T4 M821 1989
E78.T4M821 1989
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_383897

The archaeology and history of the Spanish Governor's Palace Park / Anne A. Fox

Author:
Fox, Anne A  Search this
University of Texas at San Antonio Center for Archaeological Research  Search this
Subject:
Spanish Governor's Palace Park, San Antonio, Tex  Search this
Physical description:
iii, 43 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
San Antonio
San Antonio (Tex.)
Date:
1977
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Call number:
F394.S2F791a
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_106008

The Lee site, Gv3, of Garvin County, Okla. / by Karl Schmitt

Author:
Schmitt, Karl 1915-1952-  Search this
Physical description:
p. [69]-89 : ill., map ; 23 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Oklahoma
Garvin County (Okla.)
Date:
1950
Topic:
Antiquities  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Call number:
E78.O45 S355 1950
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_896888

The Pearson site : a historic Indian site at Iron Bridge Reservoir, Rains County, Texas / by Lathel F. Duffield and Edward B. Jelks

Author:
Duffield, Lathel Flay  Search this
Jelks, Edward B  Search this
Physical description:
xiii, 83 p. : ill. ; 23 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Date:
1961
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Pearson site  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Call number:
E78.T4 D85
E78.T4D85
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_73517

Uncovering Camp Ford : archaeological interpretations of a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp in east Texas / edited by Alston V. Thoms, principal investigator ; contributing authors, David O. Brown ... [et al.] ; technical editor/designer, Robyn P. Lyle

Author:
Thoms, Alston V (Alston Vern)  Search this
Brown, David O  Search this
Lyle, Robyn P  Search this
Texas Antiquities Committee  Search this
Texas A & M University Center for Ecological Archaeology  Search this
Physical description:
xix, 390 p. : ill., maps, plans ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Smith County
Camp Ford (Tex.)
United States
Smith County (Tex.)
Date:
2000
Civil War, 1861-1865
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Archaeology and history  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
History  Search this
Prisoners and prisons  Search this
Call number:
F394.S65 U53 2000
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_733234

Excavations at San Juan Capistrano, 41 BX 5, Bexar County, Texas / David D. Turner ; [principal investigator, Thomas R. Hester ; coprincipal investigators, Jack D. Eaton and Anne A Fox]

Author:
Turner, David D  Search this
Hester, Thomas R  Search this
Eaton, Jack D  Search this
Fox, Anne A  Search this
University of Texas at San Antonio Center for Archaeological Research  Search this
Texas Antiquities Committee  Search this
Subject:
Mission San Juan Capistrano (San Antonio, Tex.)  Search this
Physical description:
iv, 27 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Bexar County
San Antonio (Tex.)
Bexar County (Tex.)
Date:
1988
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Call number:
F392.B5 T945 1988
F392.B5T945 1988
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_382197

From Folsom to Fogelson : the cultural resources inventory survey of Pecos National Historical Park / edited by Genevieve N. Head and Janet D. Orcutt ; with contributions by Karl K. Benedict ... [et al.]

Author:
Head, Genevieve N  Search this
Orcutt, Janet Dale 1948-  Search this
Intermountain Cultural Resource Center Anthropology Projects  Search this
Physical description:
2 v. (xxvi, 716 p.) : ill., maps ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
New Mexico
Pecos National Historical Park
Pecos River Valley (N.M. and Tex.)
Pecos National Historical Park (N.M.)
Pecos National Monument (N.M.)
Date:
2002
Topic:
Archaeological surveying  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
History  Search this
Call number:
F802.P3 F76 2002
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_741112

Battles of the Red River War : archeological perspectives on the Indian campaign of 1874 / J. Brett Cruse ; with contributions by Martha Doty Freeman and Douglas D. Scott ; foreword by Robert M. Utley

Author:
Cruse, J. Brett 1960-  Search this
Physical description:
xix, 249 p. : ill. (chiefly col.), maps (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Southern Plains
Red River Valley (Tex.-La.)
Texas
Palo Duro Canyon
Palo Duro Canyon (Tex.)
Date:
2008
Topic:
Red River War, 1874-1875  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_907048

Collected papers from past Texas Archeological Society Summer Field Schools / edited by Timothy K Perttula ; contributions by James E. Bruseth ... [et al.]

Author:
Perttula, Timothy K  Search this
Bruseth, James E  Search this
Texas Archeological Society  Search this
Texas Archeological Society Summer Field School  Search this
Physical description:
vii, 628 p. :+ : ill., maps ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
Type:
Electronic resources
Place:
Texas
Date:
2008
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Call number:
E78.T4 C65 2008
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_897500

The art and archaeology of the Moche : an ancient Andean society of the Peruvian north coast / edited by Steve Bourget and Kimberly L. Jones

Author:
D.J. Sibley Family Conference (4th : 2003 : Austin, Tex.)  Search this
Bourget, Steve 1956-  Search this
Jones, Kimberly L. 1979-  Search this
Physical description:
xiii, 291 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), maps ; 29 cm
Type:
Congresses
Place:
Peru
Moche River Valley
Moche River Valley (Peru)
Date:
2008
Topic:
Mochica Indians--Antiquities  Search this
Mochica art  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_918402

Archeological bibliography for the Northeastern Region of Texas / compiled by William A. Martin ; with the assistance of Dee Ann Story ... [et al.]

Author:
Martin, William A  Search this
Texas Historical Commission  Search this
Physical description:
xviii, 215 p. : map ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
Texas
Date:
1990
C1990
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)--Bibliography  Search this
Antiquities--Bibliography  Search this
Antiquities  Search this
Bibliography  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_485217

Marcus S. Goldstein photograph collection from University of Texas and Louisiana State University

Creator:
Goldstein, Marcus S. (Marcus Solomon), 1906-  Search this
Names:
Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.)  Search this
University of Texas  Search this
Depicted:
Goldstein, Marcus S. (Marcus Solomon), 1906-  Search this
Kelley, J. Charles, 1913-1997  Search this
Krieger, Alex D. (Alex Dony), 1911-1991  Search this
Extent:
9 Prints (silver gelatin)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Prints
Photographs
Date:
circa 1939-1940
Scope and Contents note:
The collection consists of snapshots, including images of Alex Dony Krieger, Charles Kelley, William Benjamin Newell, and Marcus Goldstein. There are also views of the University of Texas Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, a site at Marshall Ford, and an Indian mound on the Louisiana State University campus.
Biographical/Historical note:
Marcus Solomon Goldstein (1906-1997) was a physical anthropologist specializing in paleopathology, a public health analyst, and pioneer of dental anthropology. He received his BA and MA from George Washington University and a PhD from Columbia University. Following graduation, he worked as an aide to Ales Hrdlicka of the United States National Museum in 1927. After World War II, Goldstein started on a career in various govermnent agencies, including the US Public Health Service, National Institutes of Mental Health, and the Social Security Administration. He moved to Israel in 1971, where he joined the Department of Anatomy and Anthropology at Tel Aviv University. In 1987 he was given the Distinguished Service Award of the the Israel Association of Anthropology.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 7B
Location of Other Archival Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives holds the Marcus Solomon Goldstein Papers 1940-1960s and photographs by Goldstein in Photo Lot 24.
Additional photographs of Goldstein held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 7A and Photo Lot 4822.
Correspondence from Goldstein held in the National Anthorpological Archives in the Henry Bascom Collins, Jr. Papers, Ales Hrdlicka Papers, and John Lawrence Angel Papers.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this
Anthropologists  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo lot 7B, Marcus S. Goldstein photograph collection from University of Texas and Louisiana State University, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.PhotoLot.7B
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw39a83a97c-de5d-4c6f-96d1-7f3476f4b2be
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-7b

Edwin F. Coffin collection of negatives and photographs

Creator:
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation  Search this
Coffin, Edwin F. (Edwin Francis), b. 1883  Search this
Names:
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation -- Photographs  Search this
Extent:
93 Acetate negatives
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Acetate negatives
Photographs
Negatives
Photographic prints
Albumen prints
Place:
Hawikuh (N. M.)
Date:
1918-1932
Scope and Contents:
The Edwin F. Coffin collection consists of photographs made by Coffin on behalf of the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. Aside from a number of views of New York real estate owned by the Museum (1924), the remainder of the collection contains Museum of the American Indian excavation photographs made in the Bee Cave Canyon rockshelter in Brewster County, Texas (1929); in the Burson Bell Farm in Montague, New Jersey (1932); and in the Bronx and on Staten Island, New York City (1918 and 1922 respectively).
Arrangement note:
Negatives Arranged by negative numbers (N02289-N02302, N03374-N03375, N07787-N07791, N08591, N08767-N08775, N18677-N18735, N20566)
Biographical/Historical note:
Around 1922, George G. Heye hired former racecar driver Edwin F. Coffin to be the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation's first official staff photographer, a position he retained until 1932. Coffin was a capable archaeological photographer--in 1918, 1921, and 1923, he also photographed the activities of the Hendricks-Hodge Hawikku Expedition excavations--and eventually conducted fieldwork in Texas.
Provenance:
Historically, the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation managed all photographic and related manuscript collections separately. This collection description represents current management practices of organizing and contextualizing related archival materials.
Restrictions:
Access is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment.
Rights:
Some materials are restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Topic:
Excavations (Archaeology) -- Texas -- Photographs  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- New Jersey -- Photographs  Search this
Excavations (Archaeology) -- New York (State) -- Photographs  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Negatives
Photographic prints
Albumen prints
Citation:
Edwin F. Coffin collection of negatives and photographs, 1918-1932, National Museum of the American Indian Archives, Smithsonian Institution (negative, slide or catalog number).
Identifier:
NMAI.AC.001.009
Archival Repository:
National Museum of the American Indian
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv4362815b4-ada4-4f76-83f6-3e0cabdc761c
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-001-009

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