Skip to main content Smithsonian Institution

Search Results

Collections Search Center
42 documents - page 1 of 3

Barbara Rose papers

Creator:
Rose, Barbara  Search this
Names:
Adams, Ansel, 1902-1984  Search this
Andre, Carl, 1935-  Search this
Bannard, Walter Darby, 1934-  Search this
Bellamy, Richard  Search this
Bierman, A. K., 1923- (Arthur Kalme)  Search this
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Bowles, John  Search this
Castelli, Leo  Search this
Davis, Jim, 1901-1974  Search this
Davis, Ron, 1937-  Search this
De Forest, Roy, 1930-2007  Search this
Di Suvero, Mark, 1933-  Search this
Dzubas, Friedel, 1915-  Search this
Flavin, Dan, 1933-  Search this
Frazier, Charles  Search this
Geldzahler, Henry  Search this
Hare, David, 1917-1992  Search this
Hopps, Walter  Search this
Judd, Donald, 1928-  Search this
Karp, Ivan C., 1926-2012  Search this
Kauffman, Craig, 1932-2010  Search this
Krasner, Lee, 1908-1984  Search this
LeWitt, Sol, 1928-2007  Search this
Lefebre, John  Search this
Lichtenstein, Roy, 1923-1997  Search this
Locks, Seymour, 1919-  Search this
Lye, Len, 1901-1980  Search this
Mack, Heinz, 1931-  Search this
McCracken, John, 1934-2011  Search this
McShine, Kynaston  Search this
Meier, Richard, 1934-  Search this
Morris, Robert, 1931-2018  Search this
Motherwell, Robert  Search this
Mundt, Ernest Karl, 1905-  Search this
Murray, Robert, 1936-  Search this
Myers, John Bernard  Search this
Oldenburg, Claes, 1929-  Search this
Padovano, Anthony  Search this
Piene, Otto, 1928-  Search this
Poons, Larry  Search this
Rauschenberg, Robert, 1925-2008  Search this
Rexroth, Kenneth, 1905-1982  Search this
Rose, Barbara  Search this
Rudolph, Paul, 1918-  Search this
Sandler, Irving, 1925-  Search this
Segal, George, 1924-2000  Search this
Stella, Frank  Search this
Taylor, Edward Silverstone  Search this
Wasserman, Tamara E.  Search this
Wesselmann, Tom, 1931-2004  Search this
Extent:
1.4 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Interviews
Transcripts
Sound recordings
Lectures
Date:
1962-circa 1969
Summary:
The Barbara Rose papers date from 1962 to circa 1969 and measure 1.4 linear feet. Papers include letters, writings, printed material, interviews with artists, panel discussions, and lectures relating to Barbara Rose's research as an art historian.
Scope and Contents:
The Barbara Rose papers date from 1962 to circa 1969 and measure 1.4 linear feet. Papers include letters, interviews with artists, panel discussions, lectures, writings, and printed material relating to Barbara Rose's work as an art historian and critic.

Letters consist of responses to queries and questionnaires Rose and Irving Sandler sent to contemporary artists as research for writing projects. Questionnaires were sesnt in preparation for an article in Art in America on artists' sensibility of the 1960s, with responses from Robert Motherwell, Robert Craig Kauffman, Len Lye, Robert Morris, George Segal, David Hare, and others. A separate query asked sculptors for their assessment of contemporary sculptor's needs and the potential for patronage, and responses are found from Carl Andre, Charles Frazier, Robert Murray, Anthony Padovano, Ron Bladen, Roy Lichtenstein, Len Lye, Sol LeWitt, Heinz Mack, Otto Peine, Dan Flavin, and Donald Judd.

Interviews conducted by Rose between 1965 and circa 1969 are found with Richard Bellamy, Leo Castelli, James E. Davis, Henry Geldzahler, Ivan Karp, Lee Krasner, John Lefebre, John Myers, Donald Judd with Frank Stella, and Tom Wesselmann. All interviews include original sound recordings, and the Judd and Stella, Krasner, and Myers interviews include transcripts. Panel discussions and lectures include sound recordings and transcripts of seven events on a variety of contemporary art and architecture subjects held between 1962 and 1968. Sound recordings are present for five of the events on 10 sound tape reels, and transcripts are present for all events. Participants in the panel discussions and lectures include Barbara Rose, Ronald Davis, Dan Flavin, Robert Kauffman, John Harvey McCracken, Friedel Dzubas, Ansel Adams, Arthur Bierman, Kenneth Rexroth, Edward Taylor, Ernst Karl Mundt, John Bowles, Roy Dean De Forest, Seymour Locks, Walter Hopps, Mark Di Suvero, Donald Judd, Robert Morris, Kynaston McShine, Walter Darby Bannard, Donald Judd, Larry Poons, Robert Rauschenberg, Richard Meier, Paul Rudolph, Claes Oldenburg, and Robert Murray.

Writings include photocopied typescripts of "Myth, Symbol, or Me," by Emily Wasserman and "Excerpts from a Work Journal on Flying Sculpture," by Charles Frazier. Printed material consists of two copies of the premiere issue of the 57th Street Review, from Nov. 15, 1966.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged as 4 series.

Missing Title

Series 1: Letters (0.2 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 2: Interviews (0.6 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 3: Panel Discussions and Lectures (0.5 linear feet; Boxes 1-2)

Series 4: Writings and Printed Material (0.1 linear feet; Box 2)
Biographical / Historical:
Barbara Rose is an American art historian and critic who has published widely in the field of modern American art. Born in 1938 in Washington, DC, Rose studied at the Sorbonne, Smith College, Barnard, and finally, Columbia University under Meyer Shapiro. Rose became immersed in the New York-based circle of modernist artists and curators in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and made her substantial contribution to the discourse on contemporary art with the insider's perspective this afforded her. In 1961, she married the painter Frank Stella and they had two children before their divorce in 1969.

Rose taught at Yale University, Sarah Lawrence, University of California at Irvine and San Diego, and the American University Art in Italy program, and was senior curator at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, from 1981-1985. A prolific writer, Rose is the author of American Art Since 1900 (1967), The Golden Age of Dutch Painting (1969), American Painting: The 20th Century (Skira, 1969), and monographs on the artists Magdalena Abankawicz, Helen Frankenthaler, Robert Rauschenberg, Alexander Liberman, Larry Rivers, and others, as well as dozens of exhibition catalog essays. She held editorial positions at Art in America, Vogue, Artforum, Partisan Review, and Journal of Art, and her writing has also appeared in Art International, Studio International, Arts Magazine, and ARTnews, among many others.
Related Materials:
Barbara Rose papers, 1940-1993 (bulk 1960-1985) are located at The Getty Research Institute Special Collections.
Separated Materials:
Additional papers of Barbara Rose are held by The Getty Research Institute.
Provenance:
Donated 1971-1977 by Barbara Rose.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Occupation:
Art historians -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this
Art critics -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this
Topic:
Art, American  Search this
Genre/Form:
Interviews
Transcripts
Sound recordings
Lectures
Citation:
Barbara Rose papers, 1962-circa 1969. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
AAA.rosebarb
See more items in:
Barbara Rose papers
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw94ba999c5-8b4b-480e-ae02-6477a9b5920f
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-rosebarb

Fischbach Gallery records

Creator:
Fischbach Gallery  Search this
Names:
Thiabaut Galley  Search this
Altoon, John, 1925-  Search this
Antonakos, Stephen, 1926-2013  Search this
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Chamberlain, Wynn  Search this
D'Arcangelo, Allan, 1930-  Search this
Davis, Gene, 1920-1985  Search this
Dunn, Anne  Search this
Gilardi, Piero, 1942-  Search this
Hesse, Eva, 1936-1970  Search this
Katz, Alex, 1927-  Search this
Krushenick, Nicholas, 1929-1999  Search this
Levine, Les, 1935-  Search this
Mangold, Robert, 1937-  Search this
Ohlson, Douglas Dean, 1936-  Search this
Ryan, Anne, 1889-1954  Search this
Ryman, Robert, 1930-  Search this
Slavin, Arlene, 1942-  Search this
Smith, Tony, 1912-  Search this
Sugarman, George, 1912-1999  Search this
Swain, Robert, 1940-  Search this
Extent:
39.5 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Gallery records
Photographs
Date:
1937-2015
bulk 1963-1977
Summary:
The records of New York City Fischbach Gallery measure 39.5 linear feet and date from 1937 to 2015, with the bulk of materials dating from 1963 to 1977. The majority of the collection consists of artists files containing a wide variety of materials documenting the gallery's relationship with its stable of modern and avant garde artists, as well as gallery exhibitions. Files include biographical materials, correspondence, printed materials, and photographs. Gallery records also include general business correspondence, access-restricted financial records; and additional printed materials. The 2015 addition of 14 linear feet consists of inventory and client sales records in the form of card indexes. The 2019 addition consists of material related to Marilyn Fischbach's art collection.
Scope and Content Note:
The records of New York City Fischbach Gallery measure 39.5 linear feet and date from 1937 to 2015, with the bulk of materials dating from 1963 to 1977. The majority of the collection consists of artists files containing a wide variety of materials documenting the gallery's relationship with its stable of modern and avant garde artists, as well as gallery exhibitions. Files include biographical materials, correspondence, printed materials, and photographs. Gallery records also include general business correspondence, access-restricted financial records; and additional printed materials.

Artists and Exhibition Files contain information on over one hundred Fischbach Gallery artists and measure 18 linear feet. The contents of each file varies, but typically may include biographical information; correspondence between the artist, museums, and other galleries; scattered consignment information; printed materials including articles, clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, and press releases; photographs of the artist, installations, constructions, and works of art; and negatives, slides, and transparencies. Substantial files are found for John Altoon, Stephen Antonakos, Ronald Bladen, Wynn Chamberlain, Allan D'Arcangelo, Gene Davis, Anne Dunn, Piero Gilardi, Eva Hesse, Alex Katz, Nicholas Krushenick, Les Levine, Robert Mangold, Doug Ohlson, Anne Ryan, Robert Ryman, Arlene Slavin, Tony Smith, George Sugarman, and Robert Swain, among others. Also included are files pertaining to group exhibitions including "According to the Letter" (1963), "Hard Center" (1963), "Six Women" (1965), "Game Without Rules" (1966), "Direct Representation" (1969), and "Eccentric Abstraction" (1966) which was organized by Lucy Lippard.

General gallery correspondence is business correspondence between the gallery and companies, individuals, museums, galleries, dealers, new or non-Fischbach artists, and institutions. Additional business records consist of an address book, lists of Fischbach artists, gallery plans, a notebook, as well as guest lists, mailing lists, and press lists.

Financial records are access restricted and require written permission from the donor's representative for use. The files document financial transactions for many of the artists represented in the artists files and includes sales records, invoices, artists' payments, and correspondence about sales and possible sales. The alphabetical financial files document routine gallery business, such as framing, shipping, insurance, messenger, publicity, etc. and are organized by name of business. General financial files consist of accounting ledgers, banking documents, insurance claims, and travel accounts.

Printed materials consist of various business cards, clippings concerning the Fischbach Gallery, and a pamphlet by Ron Williams as a guide to New York galleries. The bulk of printed materials are found in the Artists and Exhibition Files.

A small series of photographs include those from the Thiabaut Gallery, and unidentified photos of landscapes. It is likely that Fischbach Gallery occupied the space previously used by the Thiabaut Gallery and some materials were included in the collection for that reason. The bulk of photographic materials are found in the Artists and Exhibition Files.

In 2015, 14 feet of records were added to the collection. The addition consists of inventory and client sales records in the form of card indexes. The addition is access-restricted until 2065.

A 2019 addition of 0.2 linear feet, consisting of material related to Marilyn Fischbach's art collection, was processed in 2020.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged as 9 series.

Missing Title

Series 1: Artists and Exhibitions Files, 1937-1977 (Boxes 1-18, 28; 18 linear feet)

Series 2: Gallery Correspondence, 1962-1974 (Boxes 18-19; 1.75 linear feet)

Series 3: Business Records, 1969-1971 (Box 27; 0.3 linear feet)

Series 4: Financial Records, 1963-1975 (Boxes 20-25; 4.5 linear feet)

Series 5: Printed Material, 1963-1972 (Box 26; 6 folders)

Series 6: Photographs, circa 1960s (Box 26; 2 folders)

Series 7: Inventory Card Indexes, circa 1960s-2015 (12.1 linear feet; Box 29-41)

Series 8: Client Sales Card Index, circa 1970s-2000s (1.9 linear feet; Box 41-42)

Series 9: Marilyn Fischbach Collection Records, circa 1975-2000 (0.2 linear feet; Box 43)
Historical Note:
The Fischbach Gallery was founded in 1960 by Marilyn Cole Fischbach at 799 Madison Avenue in New York City. The gallery was noted for its stable of minimalist young artists in the 1960s, and the work of the painterly realists in the 1970s. The gallery remains open today.

During its early years, the gallery was among the first to focus on 1960s avant-garde and minimalist artists. Marilyn possessed a talent for discovering young artists and for helping them advance their careers. Many of these young artists became well-known, including Ronald Bladen, Eva Hesse, and Alex Katz. Other artists represented by the gallery include Allan D'Arcangelo, Les Levine, Robert Mangold, Robert Ryman, George Sugarman, and Robert Swain.

The gallery also had an active exhibition schedule and organized and hosted group exhibitions of modern art, including "According to the Letter" (1963), "Hard Center" (1963), and "Direct Representation" (1969). Additionally, the Fishbach Gallery hosted "Eccentric Abstraction" in 1966, an exhibition organized by Lucy Lippard.

Later, the gallery moved to W. 57th Street in Manhattan. Fischbach hired A. Aladar Marberger as director of the gallery. Under his direction, the Fischbach Gallery shifted from the avant-garde to contemporary American realism and minimalist sculpture. In the 1980s, Marilyn Fischbach brought three investors into the gallery. She remined a co-owner, but lived in Paris, France for many years prior to her death at the age of seventy-two. The Fischbach Gallery remains open at 210 West 11th Street at 25th Street in New York City.
Provenance:
Gallery founder Marilyn C. Fischbach and director A. Aladar Marberger donated the majority of the Fischbach Gallery records in 1978. Additional records were donated in 2001 by Maureen Dawley on behalf of the Carnegie Mellon University and in 2015 and in 2019 by John Fischbach, Marilyn C. Fischbach's son.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment. Written permission from the donor is also required to view the series of financial records and the 2015 addition of card indexes. Contact the Reference Services Department for more information.
Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Topic:
Art, American  Search this
Art, Modern -- 20th century -- United States  Search this
Minimal art -- United States  Search this
Artists -- United States  Search this
Function:
Art galleries, Commercial -- New York (State)
Genre/Form:
Gallery records
Photographs
Citation:
The Fischbach Gallery records, 1937-2015, bulk 1963-1977. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
AAA.fiscgall
See more items in:
Fischbach Gallery records
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9250bd192-6986-4fdd-bec0-08a93a98e4ed
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-fiscgall
Online Media:

Stephen Antonakos papers

Creator:
Antonakos, Stephen, 1926-2013  Search this
Names:
Allentown Art Museum  Search this
Ethniko Mouseio SynchronÄ“s TechnÄ“s (Greece)  Search this
Fischbach Gallery  Search this
Galerie Bernier  Search this
Galleria Bonomo  Search this
Galleriaforma  Search this
Ileana Tounta Contemporary Art Center  Search this
John Weber Gallery  Search this
Kalfayan Galleries  Search this
Konrad Fischer Gallery  Search this
La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art  Search this
Lori Bookstein Fine Art  Search this
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)  Search this
Mouseio BenakÄ“  Search this
Rose Art Museum  Search this
Savannah College of Art and Design  Search this
The Drawing Room  Search this
Ä€do furondo gyararÄ«  Search this
Adler, Sebastian  Search this
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Kitagawa, Fram, 1946-  Search this
Kokkinos, George  Search this
Koshalek, Richard  Search this
Marzona, Egidio  Search this
Spector, Naomi  Search this
Extent:
24.2 Linear feet
1.73 Gigabytes
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Gigabytes
Transcripts
Interviews
Photographs
Sketchbooks
Drawings
Blueprints
Obituaries
Date:
1932-2014
bulk 1960-2014
Summary:
The papers of American sculptor Stephen Antonakos measure 24.2 linear feet and 1.73 GB and date from 1932-2014, with the bulk of the material dating from 1960-2014. The collection documents Antonakos's pioneering work in neon, through biographical material, correspondence, writings and notes, project files, exhibition files, printed and digital material, and photographs.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of American sculptor Stephen Antonakos measure 24.2 linear feet and 1.73 GB and date from 1932-2014, with the bulk of the material dating from 1960-2014. The collection documents Antonakos's pioneering work in neon, through biographical material, correspondence, writings and notes, project files, exhibition files, printed and digital material, and photographs.

Biographical material comprises biographical statements and resumes, transcripts of 5 interviews, copies of obituaries, and other records relating to Antonakos's memorial service in 2013.

Correspondence is primarily professional, with scattered personal correspondence, and provides suppemental documentation of all aspects of the artist's career, including gifts, sales, loans, and consignments to galleries and museums such as Fischbach Gallery; John Weber Gallery; Lori Bookstein Fine Art; Galleria Bonomo, Bari; Art Front Gallery, Tokyo; Galerie Bonnier, Stockholm; Galerie Bernier, Athens; Kalfayan Gallery, Athens; Galerie Citronne, Poros; Konrad Fischer Gallery, Berlin; Daniel Marzona Gallery, Berlin; The American Academy of Arts and Letters; The Metropolitan Museum of Art; The Museum of Modern Art; the Onassis Cultural Center; the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego; the Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University; the Smith College Museum of Art; the Dallas Museum of Art; the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens; the State Museum of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki; and the Benaki Museum, Piraeus.

Writings and notes provide artist statements on all aspects of Antonakos's work, as well as teaching notes from the 1960s.

Project files are a rich source of information on Antonakos's work in neon, particularly for the large-scale permanent Public Works including Hampshire College, Amherst; the Tacoma Dome; Pershing Square, Los Angeles; the Atlanta Hartsfied Airport; the 59th Street Transfer Station, New York City; Faret Tachikawa, Japan; the Stadtsparkasse, Cologne; the Reading Power Plant, Tel Aviv; the San Antonio Public Library; the University of Dijon; the Attiko Metro, Athens; the Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee; and the Airport of Puglia, Bari. All aspects of the artist's work, from conception on paper through execution and reception by the public, are documented here in correspondence, artist statements and proposals, contracts, insurance records, original drawings, plans and blueprints, printed and digital material, and photographs. Ideas and proposals for projects not executed are also documented in this series, and comprise the same types of material.

Antonakos's conceptual Packages are documented in lists, letters of transmittal, and photographs. The series also holds the contents of a Package given to the Archives of American Art in 1975 and opened, as requested, after his death: a 35mm microfilm of a sketchbook kept by Antonakos from 1974-1975, with sketches and notes about his neon projects.

Antonakos's artistic development can be traced chronologically in the exhibition files from some of his earliest work with neon in combination with found objects, to the use of neon alone. Exhibition files document the artist's progression from placing neon on a base or wall and at the corners and ceilings of rooms, to placing tubes at the edges of panels in order to generate a colored glow around them; furthermore, they document the evolution from his early boxes, contained spaces, and indoor and outdoor rooms, to his meditation spaces and chapels. Also in evidence in this series is the artist's prolific output of drawings, which were shown in numerous exhibitions. Exhibition files include documentation from circa 100 solo shows and from his over 250 group shows, at venues including Allentown Art Museum, the Benaki Museum, The Drawing Room, Galleriaforma, Genoa, Ileana Tounta Contemporary Art Center, Athens, John Weber Gallery, La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, Lori Bookstein Fine Art, the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens, Rose Art Museum, and the Savannah College of Art and Design. Many of the files include Antonakos's original drawings and plans.

Printed material comprises announcements and catalogs for Antonakos's solo and group exhibitions, posters of the same, press and publicity clippings, and 10 publications about or including Antonakos and his work.

There are 7 photographs of Antonakos, including portraits by George Kokkinos and photos with others including Sebastian Adler, the artist's daughter Evangelina Mary Spector Antonakos, Naomi Spector Antonakos, Ronald Bladen, and Richard Koshalek. Also found are photos of artwork by category, and digital photographs of sample images.

The collection includes 1 reel of microfilm (35mm).
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged as 7 series.

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, circa 1970s-2014 (0.1 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1964-2014 (3.25 linear feet; Boxes 1-4, 24)

Series 3: Writings and Notes, circa 1966-2012 (0.3 linear feet; Box 4, 0.932 GB; ER01)

Series 4: Project Files, 1965-2014 (8.6 linear feet; Boxes 4-11, 24, OVs 25-40, 0.275 GB; ER02-ER04)

Series 5: Exhibition Files, 1960-2014 (8.95 linear feet; Boxes 11-19, 24, OVs 40-45, 0.094 GB; ER05)

Series 6: Printed Material, 1959-2013 (3.3 linear feet; Boxes 19-23, OVs 46-47)

Series 7: Photographs, 1932-2013 (0.5 linear feet; Box 23, 0.431 GB; ER06)
Biographical / Historical:
American sculptor Stephen Antonakos (1926-2013) was a pioneer in the use of neon as an artistic medium from the early 1960s onward. Born in Agios Nikolaos in southern Greece, he immigrated to the US with his family at the age of four and lived in New York City thereafter.

After serving in WWII he established his first studio in the 1950s in New York City's fur district, a fertile neighborhood for the found objects and found materials of his early large Assemblages, Constructions, and "Sewlages" (sewn fabric collages) through that decade, when he worked also as a commercial artist. Seeing the neon signs in these Manhattan streets night after night released his intuition of the medium's untapped flexibility. He called neon "a paradise" he wished to "control" in his own new way, with abstract geometric forms in space.

Concentric neon circles and squares appeared first, notably in the transitional White Light (1962). Mostly black, it incorporated a cut-up Thonet chair and a box-form of found rabbit fur. In the same year, he moved on to his central engagement with neon in architectural space with his Hanging Neon, whose colored tubes jut diagonally into the viewers' space from a box suspended from the ceiling. He continued this key dynamic boldly in many large mid-1960s installations: Orange Vertical Neon, Red Neon from Wall to Floor, and Red Neon from Wall to Wall. There are small-scale models from the period for many more. All fulfill the artist's definition of his work as "real things in real spaces."

His 1962-63 Pillows and Pillow Drawings, exhibited first at the Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, are distinguished by the intense engagement of the hand: cutting, adding, sewing, stuffing, drawing, layering, and combining materials in ways that clearly predict his constant practice with drawings and collages through the following decades. The subsequent role of works on paper in forming Antonakos's development cannot be over-emphasized; he drew almost every day. The physicality of these compositions and of the cuts and tears and layering in his collages through the years, make them not images, but objects. The same holds for the many Travel Collages produced from the late 1970s through 2001.

Throughout the 1970s, medium-scale two- and three-dimensional variations of his geometric vocabulary were strategically positioned on white walls in formal dialogue with their sites' ceilings, floors, inside corners, and outside corners. Known as the Direct Neons, these works were exhibited extensively in galleries and museums across Europe and the US. As ever, new work was conceived for each venue's particular sites.

A very large group of Project Drawings from the late 1960s through the early 1970s charts Antonakos's thinking through the Direct Neons and on into installations of greater scale, his Walls and Rooms.

First shown in Athens, the Walls investigated both bold and subtle variations of almost "syntactical" relationships between the neon forms "drawn" on the colored surfaces. Two 1973 Rooms allowed simultaneous formal engagement with interior and exterior architectural spaces. In both, making the entire interior a single unit fulfilled Antonakos's hope of including the viewer within the space of the art. San Francisco Room was exhibited inside the Museum of Art. The Room, placed outdoors in downtown Grand Rapids, offered more viewing options from greater distances, rooftops and, very importantly, with exposure to the daily 24-hour cycle of natural light. 1974, Outdoor Neons for the Fort Worth Art Museum upped the ante further with enormously greater scale and geometric diversity. This was nourishment for Antonakos's central concerns uniting light, form, and time throughout his future Public Works.

The mid-1970s saw a definitive change in the drawings. They became completely abstract, without reference to anything outside the work itself. Often made in series, they explored complete and incomplete linear forms in relation to the proportions of the sheets.

All through the 1970s Antonakos produced his conceptual Packages. Filled, sealed, and sent to individuals or groups of friends, they were meant either never to be opened, to be opened on a specific date, or to be opened after the death of the artist. There were approximately thirty projects. An important set sent in 1974 and 1975 to Richard Artschwager, Daniel Buren, Sol LeWitt, and Robert Ryman to be filled by them was opened twenty-five years later as the central event during the major exhibition Time Boxes 2000 at the Brandeis's Rose Art Museum. Less concerned with their contents than with our consciousness through time of not knowing, they relate to such concepts as "incomplete circle" -- knowing what/that we do not know/see. The Greek art historian Savvas Michael has written: "The material of the Packages is time."

From the late 1970s, for over thirty years, there was an active practice of Public Works in neon. More than fifty were constructed and installed in indoor and outdoor sites in airports, rail stations, university campuses, banks, and downtown areas in cities across the US, Europe, and Japan. They range from the spare 15' incomplete square on the facade of the San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art to the almost 500' treatment of the chimney complex of the Reading Power Plant in Tel Aviv. Antonakos began each project by considering the formal qualities of the site day and night and its use by the public. He considered working for the public a special responsibility.

Moving into the 1980s, Antonakos placed neon forms on painted unstretched canvases and on the faces of large geometric forms on walls and floors. This period also saw the crucial introduction of neon placed behind the edges of wall Panels, so that only the colored glows are seen. These Panels developed into one of his major practices to the end -- their single or segmented geometric surfaces variously monochrome, painterly, or gold or silver-leafed. They have been extensively exhibited in Europe and the US. In 2009 the public-scaled neon Panel The Road to Mistra was commissioned for the Onassis Cultural Center in New York. In response to this work, the New York art historian Irving Sandler wrote, "Essentially a classicist in the Constructivist tradition, he has revealed the poetry of neon."

Antonakos started to design his Chapels and Meditation spaces with neon in the late 1980s and continued through the rest of his life. Their roots lie in his lifelong commitment to Greek Orthodoxy and in the evolution of his activation of geometric space. They include his 1993 Chapel of the Saints in a fortress in Rhodes, which he described in a letter to Elias Kollias as being, at that point, "the masterwork of my life." The full-scale iron Chapel of the Heavenly Ladder was exhibited in the XLVII Venice Biennale and is permanently installed now in Thessaloniki. In 2003, the Greek art critic Alexandra Koroxenides wrote of Antonakos's "capacity to create surroundings of meditation and spirituality." Many Chapels have been created for important temporary exhibitions here and in Greece, and small precise models exist for more of them.

Through the 1980s and to the end, the drawings on various papers and vellums developed in many directions, some full of white space, some filled to the hilt with intensely colored forms -- sometimes singly and often in series. In the mid-1990s Antonakos began using the multicolored pencil, in dense overall hatchings and later in open spatial "clouds." One drawing of 72 dense square units is like an installation as it plays out rhythmically across the four walls of the gallery. The various ideas of the drawings intersect with those of his collages, reflecting always the active hand. Colored or bare, cut, torn, layered, pleated, or crumpled, they maintain their objecthood within the frame.

All these themes and techniques climaxed in his major Artist's Book, Alphavitos, later in the 1980s. Its many material and printing innovations are structured around the cumulative appearance of hand-made papers with letters of the Greek Alphabet recurring intermittently until the last bears the complete alphabet. The composition of complete and incomplete circles and squares on the front and back covers are in silver on the unique volume and in leather relief on the edition. The book incorporates endless ideas of form, color, scale, proportion and, of course, time, as the pages are turned. Related white wood, silver, and marble Reliefs grew out of the making of the book, as did new graphic variations of some of the plates. In 2011 he began a new series of Gold works. Small sculptures shaped with "incomplete" areas sit on bases, and framed works in gold-leafed Mylar and Tyvek hang in frames. As with the drawings, some have cut edges or various forms cut out of them or are crumpled. They are made in varying sizes, singly and in powerful series, and all have many different "faces" as they intersect with the course of natural light over the day. In Greece, they are seen as echoes of Byzantium.

In 2011, Antonakos took on a climactic project in the ruins of an old oil factory in Elefsina, Greece -- a part of the 40 year history of their Festival of Aeschylus. In thirty-four locations throughout the continuous indoor and outdoor site of 17,000 square meters, he placed spare linear neon forms, accumulations, columns, and Panels, hoping, he said, that the visitors might sense "some of the things that I have found in my life and art." It can be seen in the photographs of Panos Kokkinias and on the artist's website.

Antonakos had over 100 solo exhibitions and over 250 group shows. His work has been the subject of numerous books and catalogues including the key 1999 monograph Antonakos by Irving Sandler. The major catalogue for the 2007-2008 Retrospective organized by the J. F. Costopoulos Foundation at the Benaki Museum in Athens includes essays by Martin Filler, Eleftherios Iconomou, Katerina Koskina, Daniel Marzona, and Brian O'Doherty. His work is in the collections of the major museums of New York, Athens, and Thessaloniki, and in many other museums in the US and Europe. In 2011 he received the Lifetime Achievement Awards from the National Academy of Art and the Greek America Foundation.

Since 1963 his studio has been located in Soho.
Related Materials:
Also found in the Archives of American Art is an oral history interview with Stephen Antonakos dated 1975, May 9.
Provenance:
The collection was donated in 1975 and 1981 by Stephen Antonakos, and in 2014 by Naomi Spector Antonakos.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Use of archival born-digital records with no duplicate access copy requires advance notice.
Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Occupation:
Art critics  Search this
Topic:
Art -- Study and teaching  Search this
Neon sculpture  Search this
Genre/Form:
Transcripts
Interviews
Photographs
Sketchbooks
Drawings
Blueprints
Obituaries
Citation:
Stephen Antonakos papers, 1932-2014, bulk 1960-2014. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
AAA.antostep
See more items in:
Stephen Antonakos papers
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw964ecde67-2f4d-48b7-a5e8-3e17d3497302
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-antostep

Ronald Bladen essay by Tiffany Bell

Artist:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Writer of added text:
Bell, Tiffany  Search this
Host institution:
Loretta Howard Gallery  Search this
Physical description:
10 unnumbered pages illustrations (chiefly color), portrait 26 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Expositions
Exhibition catalogs
Date:
2011
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1023897

Ronald Bladen papers, 1918-1999

Creator:
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Citation:
Ronald Bladen papers, 1918-1999. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Theme:
Lives of artists  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)6757
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)208882
AAA_collcode_bladrona
Theme:
Lives of artists
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_208882

Patricia Hamilton Gallery records

Creator:
Patricia Hamilton Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this
Names:
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Bourgeois, Louise, 1911-2010  Search this
David, Michael  Search this
Gorchov, Ron  Search this
Hamilton, Patricia, 1948-  Search this
Hare, David, 1917-1992  Search this
Snyder, Joan, 1940-  Search this
Torreano, John  Search this
Willenbecher, John, 1936-  Search this
Witkin, Isaac  Search this
Extent:
2.25 Linear feet ((on 3 microfilm reels))
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Scrapbooks
Date:
1977-1985
Scope and Contents:
Correspondence, photographs, and scrapbooks relating to solo and group exhibitions presented.
Participating artists include Ronald Bladen, Louise Bourgeios, Michael David, Ron Gorchov, David Hare, Joan Snyder, John Francis Torreano, John Willenbecher, and Isaac Witkin. Photographs are of exhibition installations and artists represented by the gallery. Three comprehensive scrapbooks, comprised mainly of printed matter, document the history and activities of the gallery.
Arrangement:
I. Artist Files. II. Exhibition Files. III. Photographs. IV. Scrapbooks. Artist files arranged alphabetically; all other materials are in chronological order.
Biographical / Historical:
Patricia Hamilton Gallery, 20 West 57th Street, New York City, was particularly important for its support of sculptors. Operated 1977-1985; since closing the gallery, Ms. Hamilton has remained active as a private dealer/consultant.
Provenance:
Donated 1986 by Patricia Hamilton.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Microfilmed materials must be consulted on microfilm. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Occupation:
Gallery owners  Search this
Topic:
Art -- Exhibitions -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this
Sculpture -- Exhibitions -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this
Women art dealers  Search this
Function:
Art galleries, Commercial -- New York (State)
Genre/Form:
Scrapbooks
Identifier:
AAA.patrhami
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9fcec6aab-dd3e-4f1f-b238-0775ae77ae1c
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-patrhami

Research material on Ronald Bladen and Les Levine

Creator:
Berkson, Bill  Search this
Names:
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Levine, Les, 1935-  Search this
Extent:
0.6 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Interviews
Date:
1931-1991
Scope and Contents:
Material gathered by Berkson in preparation for exhibitions on sculptors Ronald Bladen and Les Levine.
The Bladen material, compiled for a retrospective at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1991, includes: biographical material; an unpublished artists' statement, 1946; interviews of Bladen; material from the California School of Fine Art's archives, and the Whitney Museum of American Art; Bladen correspondence, 1931-1956; Berkson correspondence, 1990-1991; a painting checklist; writings by and about Bladen; photographs of Bladen's paintings and sculptures; exhibition announcements 1941-1983; and clippings and reviews, 1941-1987.
Files on Les Levine include photographs, slides, correspondence, articles, announcements, and clippings. Included are information on his media projects Subway Project (1989) and Diamond Mind.
Biographical / Historical:
Berkson is an art historian, curator; San Francisco, Calif. Bladen, a painter and sculptor, worked in San Francisco in the mid-1950s, and later moved to New York. Levine, a conceptual and video artist, and a curator, works in New York.
Related Materials:
Papers of Bill Berkson, 1960-1988, are also located at the University of Connecticut's Archives & Special Collections.
Provenance:
Donated 1991 and 1995 by Bill Berkson.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Occupation:
Sculptors -- California -- San Francisco  Search this
Art museum curators  Search this
Topic:
Sculptors -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this
Mass media and art -- Exhibitions  Search this
Genre/Form:
Interviews
Identifier:
AAA.berkbill
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw971d4d9ad-7159-4c95-ad06-be117b641612
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-berkbill

Ada Katz papers

Creator:
Katz, Ada, 1928-  Search this
Names:
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Dodd, Lois, 1927-  Search this
Drummond, Sally Hazelet  Search this
Held, Al, 1928-  Search this
Katz, Alex, 1927-  Search this
King, William, 1925-2015  Search this
Pearlstein, Philip, 1924-  Search this
Sugarman, George, 1912-1999  Search this
Extent:
10 Items ((on partial microfilm reel))
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Interviews
Date:
1974-1977
Scope and Contents:
Typescripts of eight interviews by Katz, 1974-75, which she edited into monologue form. Interviewed are artists who were active in the cooperative art galleries on New York City's Tenth street in the early and middle 1950's. Included are Ronald Bladen, Lois Dodd, Sally Hazelet Drummond, Al Held, Alex Katz, William King, Phillip Pearlstein, and George Sugarman. Also included are an introduction by Ada Katz, and 29 pages from her diary, 1976-1977.
Biographical / Historical:
Wife of painter Alex Katz.
Provenance:
Donated 1980 by Ada Katz.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Microfilmed materials must be consulted on microfilm. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Occupation:
Painters  Search this
Sculptors  Search this
Topic:
Painting, American  Search this
Sculpture, American  Search this
Genre/Form:
Interviews
Identifier:
AAA.katzada
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw994a72101-2475-4c88-ad7f-cc8596afb0b8
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-katzada

Ronald Bladen papers

Creator:
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Extent:
1.8 Linear feet ((117 items))
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1918-1999
Scope and Contents:
Biographical material, correspondence, writings, photographs and slides, sketches, exhibition and teaching files, transcripts of interviews, business records, printed material and miscellaneous.
Personal and business correspondence, primarily related to commissions; letters to Bladen's mother, 1940-1954; correspondence with his sister Kitty Carson, Paul Corrigan, Lance Hart, Kenneth Rexroth, and others; notes and unpublished writings, include typescripts of draft version of transcript of interview with Bladen and others, and typescripts of published work on the artist by Bill Berkson, Larry Deyab and others. Photographs and slides are of Bladen's fanily and friends as well as works of art and exhibition installations. Printed material includes invitations, announcements, catalogs, newspaper and periodical clippings regarding Bladen's exhibitions, as well as reproductions and posters, including an exhibition poster for Bladen's exhibition at the Kunsthalle Bielefeld. Also included are miscellaneous items related to Bladen's companion, Connie Reyes.
Biographical / Historical:
Painter and sculptor; New York City
Provenance:
Donated 1980 by Ronald Bladen, and in 1999 and 2000 by Connie Reyes, Bladen's longtime companion and executor. Additions are expected.
Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Identifier:
AAA.bladrona
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9296c5437-6d8d-419c-a8ed-4b2d716bab74
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-bladrona

Sylvia and Al Held, Egypt postcard to Connie Reyes and Ronald Bladen, New York, N.Y.

Creator:
Held, Al, 1928-2005  Search this
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Type:
Correspondence
Place:
Egypt
Date:
197-?
Citation:
Al Held. Sylvia and Al Held, Egypt postcard to Connie Reyes and Ronald Bladen, New York, N.Y., 197-?. Ronald Bladen papers, 1918-1999. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Art, Ancient  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA)11625
See more items in:
Ronald Bladen papers, 1918-1999
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_item_11625
Online Media:

Barbara Rose, New York, New York letter to Ronald Bladen, New York, New York

Creator:
Rose, Barbara, 1938-2020  Search this
Bladen, Ronald, 1918-1988  Search this
Subject:
Art in America  Search this
Type:
Correspondence
Date:
1966
Citation:
Barbara Rose. Barbara Rose, New York, New York letter to Ronald Bladen, New York, New York, 1966. Barbara Rose papers, 1962-circa 1969. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Sculptors  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA)19747
See more items in:
Barbara Rose papers, 1962-circa 1969
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_item_19747

Ronald Bladen : Skulptur : Werke aus der Sammlung Marzona = sculpture : works from the Marzona collection / herausgegeben von/ edited by Fritz Jacobi

Title:
Skulptur : Werke aus der Sammlung Marzona
Sculpture : works from the Marzona collection
Marzona collection
Author:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Jacobi, Fritz  Search this
Neue Nationalgalerie (Germany)  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Physical description:
96 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Date:
2007
C2007
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_902436

Ronald Bladen : early and late / [Bill Berkson, guest curator]

Author:
Berkson, Bill  Search this
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Physical description:
38 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Date:
1991
C1991
Call number:
N40.1.B62926 B5 1991
N40.1.B62926B5 1991
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_413165

Ronald Bladen (1918-1988) : drawings and sculptural models / Douglas Dreishpoon, curator

Title:
Ronald Bladen, drawings and sculptural models
Drawings and sculptural models
Author:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Dreishpoon, Douglas  Search this
Sculpture Center (New York, N.Y.)  Search this
Weatherspoon Art Gallery  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Held, Al 1928-2005 Interviews  Search this
Physical description:
59 p. : ill. (1 col.) ; 28 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Date:
1996
C1996
Call number:
N40.1.B62926 D7 1996
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_494328

Scale as content : Ronald Bladen, Barnett Newman, Tony Smith : [exhibition] the Corcoran Gallery of Art, October 7, 1967 to January 7, 1968

Author:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Newman, Barnett 1905-1970  Search this
Smith, Tony 1912-1980-  Search this
Corcoran Gallery of Art  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Newman, Barnett 1905-1970  Search this
Smith, Tony 1912-  Search this
Physical description:
[8] p. : ill. ; 26 cm
Type:
Books
Exhibitions
Date:
1967
[1967]
Call number:
N40.1.B62926 C7 1967
NB236 .S33 1967
N40.1.B62926C7 1967
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_440949

Sculpture : Bladen, Kipp, Witkin / [edited by William Finneran]

Title:
Bladen, Kipp, Witkin
Author:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Kipp, Lyman 1929-  Search this
Witkin, Isaac  Search this
Ben Shahn Gallery  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Kipp, Lyman 1929-  Search this
Witkin, Isaac  Search this
Physical description:
20 p. : ill. ; 22 cm
Type:
Exhibitions
Date:
1979
20th century
Topic:
Sculpture, Modern  Search this
Call number:
NB198 .S342 1979
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_789969

Ronald Bladen/Robert Murray : an exhibition organized by the Vancouver Art Gallery, March 9-29, 1970

Author:
Vancouver Art Gallery  Search this
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Murray, Robert 1936-  Search this
Subject:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Murray, Robert 1936-  Search this
Physical description:
[71] p. : ill ; 22 x 33 cm
Type:
Exhibitions
Date:
1970
20th century
Topic:
Sculpture, Canadian  Search this
Call number:
NB249.B533 A4 1970
NB249.B533 A4 1970
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_830988

Oracle's Vision, (sculpture)

Sculptor:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Fabricator:
Robert C. Walcott Company  Search this
Medium:
Sculpture: Painted aluminum; Base: concrete
Type:
Sculptures-Outdoor Sculpture
Sculptures
Owner/Location:
Administered by City of Springfield Department of Parks and Recreation 76 East High Street Springfield Ohio 45502
Located City Hall East High Street Plaza Springfield Ohio
Date:
1979-1981. Dedicated Sept. 1981
Topic:
Abstract  Search this
Control number:
IAS 74530001
Data Source:
Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_ari_338705

Sonar Tide, (sculpture)

Sculptor:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Fabricator:
Vanbuskirk, Dan  Search this
Medium:
Welded steel, painted black
Type:
Sculptures-Outdoor Sculpture
Sculptures
Owner/Location:
Administered by City of Peoria Facility Maintenance 3505 North Dries Lane Peoria Illinois 61614
Located Peoria Civic Center Lawn between City Hall and Civic Center Peoria Illinois 61614
Date:
May 23, 1983
Topic:
Abstract--Geometric  Search this
Allegory--Other--Physics  Search this
Control number:
IAS 73760012
Data Source:
Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_ari_31401

Three Elements, (sculpture)

Sculptor:
Bladen, Ronald 1918-1988  Search this
Medium:
Steel
Type:
Sculptures-Outdoor Sculpture
Sculptures
Place:
Massachusetts
Boston
Date:
1978
Topic:
Abstract--Geometric  Search this
Control number:
IAS 87740093
Data Source:
Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_ari_299692

Modify Your Search







or


Narrow By