Publications, photographs, articles, audio and video recordings, and teaching materials relating to the rise of Macrobiotics in the United States, as popularized by Michio and Aveline Kushi. The bulk of the material was produced for the Kushi Foundation, Kushi Institute, and East West Foundation.
Scope and Contents:
This collection documents the work of Michio and Aveline Kushi as writers and teachers in popularizing macrobiotics in the United States. It consists largely of publications and recordings produced by three organizations created by the Kushis: the East West Foundation, the Kushi Foundation, and the Kushi Institute. The collection also includes publications and recordings created by others involved in macrobiotics and related areas. The materials in this collection span the years 1960 through 2006, but the bulk of the material is from the 1970s and 1980s.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into seven series.
Series 1: East West Foundation, 1966-1991; undated
Subseries 1.1: Publications, 1966-1991
Subseries 1.2: Foundation Information, 1974-1988; undated
Series 2: Kushi Foundation, 1968-1999; undated
Subseries 2.1: Background Information, 1987-1989
Subseries 2.2: Forms and Publications, 1968-1995; undated
Subseries 2.3: One Peaceful World Campaign Information, 1973-1999
Subseries 2.4: One Peaceful World Press Publications, 1991-1999
Subseries 6.3: Macrobiotic Organizations and Publications, 1969-2006; undated
Subseries 6.4, Miscellaneous Materials, undated
Series 7: Photographs, 1964-1971, 1994; undated
Biographical / Historical:
Macrobiotics is both a comprehensive vegetarian diet and a spiritual world view based on ancient Asian beliefs and practices. Founded by Sagen Ishizuka, macrobiotics began as a reaction to the introduction of western foods into Japan in the late nineteenth century. Ishizuka attempted to restate traditional Japanese beliefs in modern scientific terms in A Chemical Theory of Long Life, published in 1897, and A Method for Nourishing Life, published in 1898.
Ishizuka believed that the key to good health was the relationship between potassium and sodium. Health is maintained when these two elements are in good balance. If there is not a good balance, then one will become ill. Ishizuka believed the best way to maintain this balance was through a cereal based diet.
Ishizuka, along with his disciples, founded the Food Cure Society in 1908 to advance his ideas. After his death in 1910, society members, including Manabu Nishihata, a physician and social activist, carried on the work.
Yukikazu Sakurazawa, also known as George Ohsawa, joined the Food Cure Society in 1919. In 1923, after the destruction of his company in an earthquake, Ohsawa joined the staff of the society full time to disseminate its ideas. Mr. Ohsawa wrote many books for the society including a biography of Ishizuka. Ohsawa's most important contribution to the philosophy of macrobiotics was the incorporation of the concepts of Yin and Yang into macrobiotics.
In the 1930s Ohsawa traveled as a representative of the society across Europe to spread the philosophy of macrobiotics. After disagreements with the leadership of the society, Ohsawa left the organization in 1939 to start his own group.
Following his release from prison during World War II for his peace efforts, Ohsawa established macrobiotic teaching centers in Yokohama and Tokyo. It was at this point that Ohsawa met Michio Kushi.
Michio Kushi was born in Kokawa, Wakayama-Ken, Japan, on May 17, 1926. While a student at Tokyo University, he became involved with the World Federalist Movement (WFM), an American organization working for world peace. It was through the WFM that Kushi met George Ohsawa. Kushi studied under Ohsawa for one year and then moved to New York City in 1949 to study political science at Columbia University.
While living in New York, Kushi came to believe that by returning to a traditional diet of whole, natural foods, humanity would regain its physical and mental balance and become more peaceful. It was at this time that Kushi began to teach the macrobiotic way of life.
Aveline Kushi was born Tomoko Yokoyama in 1923 in Yokota, Japan. Before coming to the United States for higher education in 1951, she was a member of the World Government Association, run by George Ohsawa. She married Michio Kushi in 1954 and was an active partner in their macrobiotic efforts. She wrote cookbooks and an autobiography. Aveline Kushi died in 2001.
Michio Kushi's work in New York grew steadily until 1965 when a pregnant woman died due to her decision to go on an austere form of the diet. After the death of this woman many medical authorities came out against macrobiotics. The close proximity in time of this incident and the death of George Ohsawa greatly damaged the movement. After these incidents Kushi decided to start over in Boston.
After the move to Boston, Kushi emerged as a prominent teacher and started to develop his own interpretation of macrobiotics. Kushi founded the East West Foundation and began to publish the magazine, The Order of the Universe. In 1970, East West Journal, intended for the general public, began publication. The scope of East West Journal was not limited to macrobiotics. It covered a variety of New Age topics and became the center of one of the first New Age networks. East West Journal provided contacts for people interested in eastern philosophies.
In 1975 Kushi began summer residence courses for serious students of macrobiotics and in 1977 he founded the Kushi Institute, now located in Becket, Massachusetts, in the Berkshire Mountains. The mission of the Kushi Institute is to train people in the ways of macrobiotics. The Institute offers a variety of classes around the themes of "health, healing, and well being." In the 1980s the Kushi Institute expanded its programs by creating the Kushi Foundation Prison Project and conducting research in the fight against AIDS. In 1986 the Kushi Foundation started the One Peaceful World campaign. This campaign's mission was to remind the public that peace begins with the individual, family, and community.
Sources: "Aveline Kushi 78, Leader in Health Food Movement," Associated Press, July 6, 2001
http://www.imss.macrobiotic.net/avelinekushi.html (consulted October 1, 2008)
"Aveline Kushi, 78, Advocate of Macrobiotic Diet for Health," New York Times, July 23, 2001
Separated Materials:
In addition to the archival materials, the Division of Science, Medicine, and Society (now Division of Medicine and Science) acquired sixty-six artifacts. See accession numbers 1997.3165 and 1999.3026.
Provenance:
The collection was donated to the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History by Michio and Aveline Kushi in August, 1997.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research use.
Series 3, Subseries 3.4: Patient Files and Subseries 3.8: Consultation Audio Tapes are restricted for seventy-five years (to 2066).
Physical Access: Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow.
Technical Access: Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Knez, Eugene I. (Eugene Irving), 1916-2010 Search this
Container:
Box 18
Type:
Archival materials
Scope and Contents note:
Includes a proposal for "An Institute for American Studies in Japan"; bulletins, The Japan-American Society in Washington, 1960-1963; a folder on a commemorative ceremony, The First Japanese Diplomatic Mission to the United States, 1860-1960, with a photograph of the Japanese delegation taken at the Navy Yard, Washington, D. C., 1860; and a photograph of old friends at the Japan Society, undated, with Knez, possibly in New York City, circa 1949.
Collection Restrictions:
The Eugene Irving Knez papers are open for research.
Access to the Eugene Irving Knez papers requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Eugene Irving Knez papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Three handcolored albumen prints, one of Kamata Yashiki Garden in Tokyo; and two depicting Japanese women: one attributed to Baron Raimond Von Stillfired of Austria (1839-1911), circa 1879, depicting Japanese women in an architectural setting, and the other attributed to Kusakabe Kimbei (active 1880's), circa 1878, showing two seated Japanese women playing go in an architectural interior.
蒲田梅屋敷
Arrangement:
1.5 linear feet
Biographical / Historical:
Diane Vogt O'Conner is an established archivist who has worked at a number of places, including the Smithsonian Institution Archives, the Society of American Archivists, the National Archives and Records Administration, and the National Park Service. She works as an archival consultant for both private and public institutions throughout the world. Conner has published a number of books and guides relating to specific collections, museology, and the archival field.
Local Numbers:
FSA A1991.03
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.
Genre/Form:
Albumen prints
Citation:
Diane Vogt O'Connor Photograph Collection. FSA.A1991.03. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
Identifier:
FSA.A1991.03
Archival Repository:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives
This file contains 23 digital images and 1 folder.
General:
This 1/3 acre property is located on a city lot in suburban Overland Park, Kansas, and was the first home to be built in this suburb. Built in 1995, the house was designed by one of the current owners, who worked as an architect and engineer, while his wife was responsible for choosing the trees that fill the property. A motivating factor in their decision to purchase this lot was the ability to build the house situated true north and south with gardens surrounding the perimeter. The house was oriented diagonally in order to allow for the creation of four separate garden "rooms" to be viewable from the home's windows. The wide brick patio, also designed and built by the current owner, exhibits a copper fountain that serves as a bird bath and water feature. Arizona artist Lee Blackwell is credited with the design of this fixture. The garden features other copper sculptures such as clusters of birds constructed of rusted farm machinery made by local artists. The main hardscape elements include the many walking paths that weave throughout the garden's dense vegetation. A wide brick path continues throughout the property, with various circular steppingstone paths also present. The garden features over 250 conifers, with most of them being of the garden-sized dwarf and miniature varieties, along with hostas, Japanese maples, dwarf gingkoes, peonies, carex, Epimedium. Many of the garden's beds are lined with water-worn limestone rocks.
Persons associated with the garden include: Emelie Snyder (former owner, 1959-2005); Marvin Snyder (owner, 1959-present); Marvin Snyder (designer, 1959-present); Kimberly S. Adams (gardener, 2008-2019).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Marvin and Emelie Snyder Garden (Overland Park, Kansas) Search this
United States of America -- Kansas -- Johnson County -- Overland Park Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
United States of America -- Connecticut -- Hartford County -- Hartford
Prospect Avenue Garden (Hartford, Connecticut)
Scope and Contents:
31 digital images (2022-2021) and 1 file folder.
General:
This Reformed Gothic style house and garden are steeped in Connecticut history, listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The crabapple planted circa 1880 by the first owners, the Chinese Educational Mission, has been on the Champion Tree List since 1995 as the largest crabapple in the state. The property is slightly less than one and three-quarters acre. Since 1980 the current owners have studied and mostly maintained the original lawns, shade trees and shrubs planted by members of the Erving family from 1882 until 1980. Trees on the property that may date back to the late 19th century include maple, white pine, hemlock, oak, and spruce. Additions of native trees and shrubs in the early 20th century include rhododendron, laurel, euonymus, white cedar, lilacs and hydrangeas; non-native plants include Swedish weeping birch, European spruce, rhododendron, azalea, quince and yew. The current owners have replaced some losses with Japanese dogwood, redwood, and natives including dogwood, laurel, holly, pawpaw, clethra and pepperbush.
Gardens include a perennial garden, a 40-year old vegetable garden on the site of an older cutting garden, a cottage garden of annuals outside an additional residence building, a contemporary tulip garden and a new pollinator and wetland woodland garden with native shrubs, ferns and flowers. The perennial garden provides blooms for three seasons starting in spring with wood scilla, Chinese and herbaceous peonies, and black cohosh. In summer there are hollyhocks, lilies, astilbe, begonia and lantana with some in terracotta containers. For autumn bloom the garden has orchid dahlias, Japanese anemones, monkshood, sedum, and begonias. A 140-year-old wisteria drapes over a 75-foot dead hemlock – a "natural topiary". The tulip garden was replanted in 2019 with more than 500 late pastel varieties, followed by a day lily collection in midsummer. Individual beds have been planted with English hybrid hellebores, heirloom irises, heirloom dogtooth violets, and in an all-white bed there are two varieties of narcissus, leucojum and snowdrops. Antique and contemporary bronzes, pottery, garden ceramics, 19th century urns, English cast stone dogs, Japanese giboshi on upturned whiskey barrels, and cast iron seating are placed at focal points.
The vegetable garden at the back of the perennial garden is surrounded by a wire fence and has oak plank movable walkways. Plant supports include towers made from aluminum rods for heirloom pole beans. Crop rotation has been practiced for forty years. An heirloom cold frame is used to raise salad seedlings. There is a cottage on the property for a resident gardener who grows a cottage garden of annuals. The new pollinator and wetland woodland garden replaces a grove of infested hemlock and includes native shrubs, ferns and flowers. A grove of dogwood was started in the 1980's and added to in 2005. Mature woodland shade trees are underplanted with understory trees and shrubs with ivy ground cover and serve to disguise five compost piles.
Persons associated with the garden's design: Malcolm Larson, resident gardener (1915-1941); Raymond Baker, resident gardener (1941-1985).
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Connecticut -- West Hartford Search this
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
Montage: Welcome for Charles Lindbergh ; President Franklin Roosevelt ; Bonus marcher ; Adolf Hitler ; Winston Churchill ; John Daly, CBS ; General Douglas MacArthur ; Radio Budapest ; President John Kennedy ; Cardinal Cushing ; Martin Luther King, Jr. ; Reid Collins, CBS -- The twenties: Communist song, Internationale ; V.I. Lenin ; President Warren Harding ; Humorist W.C. Fields ; Radio commercial with song, Mean to me ; Sound of Model T Ford; Mrs. Robert Goddard describing the flight of the first rocket ; American welcoming Charles Lindbergh after his flight alone across the Atlantic ; Charles Lindbergh ; President Calvin Coolidge ; Closing bell of the New York Stock Exchange -- The thirties: President Herbert Hoover ; Bonus marcher ; President Franklin Roosevelt ; Humorist Will Rogers ; Nazi song, Horst Wessel ; Adolf Hitler ; Prime minister Neville Chamberlain ; Robert Trout, CBS, reporting on the evacuation of London at the start of World War II ; Waterloo Station, London, as children are evacuated -- The forties (the beginning): Nazis conquering the continent, sounds of dive bombers and air raid and German radio proclaiming victory ; Winston Churchill ; Edward R. Murrow, CBS, reporting during air raid alert in London ; Charles Lindbergh ; President Franklin Roosevelt ; British reporter describing convoy under attack in the Atlantic ; John Daly, CBS, broadcasting first report of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ; President Franklin Roosevelt ; General Douglas MacArthur in Australia ; General Dwight D. Eisenhower, D Day, the invasion of Europe ; Edward R. Murrow, CBS, reporting on the Nazi concentration camp at Buchenwald -- The forties (the end): Arthur Godfrey, CBS, describing President Roosevelt's funeral cortege ; Chaplain William Downey praying on Tinian Island before the departure of the first atomic bombing mission ; President Harry Truman ; Robert Trout, CBS, announcing the end of World War II ; General Douglas MacArthur accepting the Japanese surrender ; Atomic test at Binini Atoll ; Winston Churchill -- The fifties: Sound of Sputnik One in space ; Korean War sounds ; U.S. spokesman telling the United Nations of the North Korean invasion of South Korea ; U.S. soldier describing combat in Korea ; Congressman Joseph Martin introducing General Dwight Eisenhower ; Eisenhower accepting the Republican presidential nomination ; Vice presidential candidate Richard Nixon ; Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II ; Kremlin bells, Moscow Radio announcing the death of Joseph Stalin ; Radio Budapest reporting the Soviet invasion of Hungary ; President Harry Truman ; Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas -- The sixties: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ; Song, We shall overcome ; Chants of "black power" ; Rap Brown ; President John Kennedy ; Havana Radio broadcasting anti-American song ; Moscow Radio reporting the withdrawal of Soviet missiles from Cuba ; Ron Jenkins, KBOX, describing scene in Dallas after the shooting of President Kennedy ; Ike Pappas, WNEW, describing the shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald ; Cardinal Cushing at the burial of President Kennedy -- Taps ; Richard Threlkeld, CBS, Talking to soldiers in combat in Viet Nam ; Chants of "stop the war" ; President Lyndon Johnson ; Spokesman in Carnegie Hall announcing the murder of Dr. King ; Andrew West, KRKD, describing the shooting of Senator Robert Kennedy ; Reid Collins, CBS, with the countdown for the Apollo Eleven landing on the moon ; Houston Control and the astronauts guiding their spacecraft to the landing on the moon ; Neil Armstrong taking the first step on the moon ; Dr. Paul Ehrlich ; Salt Lake City Mormon Tabernacle Choir at Richard Nixon's inauguration as President ; President Richard Nixon.
Local Numbers:
FW-ASCH-LP-1918
Scholastic.12009
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
New York Scholastic 1970
General:
A recorded collection of the sounds of the important historical events that took place between 1920 and 1970, such as Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic, the Great Depression, the Second World War, the rise and spread of communism, space exploration, and the civil rights movement in America.
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
![view Daniel Sheehy on 2012 Smithsonian Folklife Festival Latino Music Concerts [Interview Video] digital asset number 1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/cBWuFGpy48k/default.jpg)
