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Department of Anthropology records

Creator:
National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this
Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this
Extent:
330.25 Linear feet (519 boxes)
Note:
Some materials are held off-site; this will be indicated at the series or sub-series level. Advanced notice must be given to view these portions of the collection.
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1840-circa 2015
Summary:
The Department of Anthropology records contain administrative and research materials produced by the department and its members from the time of the Smithsonian Institution's foundation until today.
Scope and Contents:
The Department of Anthropology records contain correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, memoranda, invoices, meeting minutes, fiscal records, annual reports, grant applications, personnel records, receipts, and forms. The topics covered in the materials include collections, exhibits, staff, conservation, acquisitions, loans, storage and office space, administration, operations, research, budgets, security, office procedures, and funding. The materials were created by members of the Section of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, the Division of Anthropology of the United States National Museum, the Office of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History, and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History and range in date from before the founding of the Smithsonian Institution to today. The Department of Anthropology records also contain some materials related to the Bureau of American Ethnology, such as documents from the River Basin Surveys.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged in 28 series: (1) Correspondence, 1902-1908, 1961-1992; (2) Alpha-Subject File, 1828-1963; (3) Alpha-Subject File, 1961-1975; (4) Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Subject Files, 1967-1968; (5) River Basin Survey Files, 1965-1969; (6) Research Statements, Proposals, and Awards, 1961-1977 (bulk 1966-1973); (7) Publication File, 1960-1975; (8) Memoranda and Lists Concerning Condemnations, 1910-1965; (9) Notebook on Special Exhibits, 1951-1952 (10) Section on Animal Industry; (11) Administrative Records, 1891-1974; (12) Administrative Records, 1965-1994 (bulk 1975-1988); (13) Fiscal Records, 1904-1986; (14) Annual Reports, 1920-1983; (15) Chairman's Office Files, 1987-1993; (16) Division of Archaeology, 1828-1965; (17) Division of Ethnology, 1840s, 1860-1972, 1997; (18) Division of Physical Anthropology; (19) Division of Cultural Anthropology, 1920-1968; (20) Records of the Anthropological Laboratory/Anthropology Conservation and Restoration Laboratory, 1939-1973; (21) Collections Management, 1965-1985; (22) Photographs of Specimens and Other Subjects (Processing Laboratory Photographs), 1880s-1950s; (23) Exhibit Labels, Specimen Labels, Catalog Cards, and Miscellaneous Documents, circa 1870-1950; (24) Antiquities Act Permits, 1904-1986; (25) Ancient Technology Program, circa 1966-1981; (26) Urgent Anthropology; (27) Records of the Handbook of North American Indians; (28) Personnel; (29) Repatriation Office, 1991-1994
Administrative History.:
The Smithsonian Institution was founded in 1846. Although there was no department of anthropology until the creation of the Section of Ethnology in 1879, anthropological materials were part of the Smithsonian's collection from its foundation. The Section of Ethnology was created to care for the rapidly growing collection. In 1881, the United States National Museum was established. Soon thereafter, in 1883, it was broken up into divisions, including the Division of Anthropology. In 1904, Physical Anthropology was added to the Division.

The Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) was created in 1879 as a research unit of the Smithsonian, separating research from collections care. However, during the 1950s, research became a higher priority for the Department of Anthropology and, in 1965, the BAE was merged with the Department of Anthropology to create the Office of Anthropology, and the BAE's archives became the National Anthropological Archives (NAA).

In 1967, the United States National Museum was broken up into three separate museums: the Musuem of History and Technology (now the National Museum of American History), the National Museum of American Art, and the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). The Office of Anthropology was included in NMNH and was renamed the Department of Anthropology in 1968.

New divisions were added to the Department, including the Human Studies Film Archives (HSFA) in 1981, the Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies (RIIES) in 1982, and the Repatriation Office in 1993. In 1983, the Smithsonian opened the Museum Support Center (MSC) in Suitland, Maryland, as offsite housing for collections with specialized storage facilities and conservation labs.

The Department of Anthropology is currently the largest department within NMNH. It has three curatorial divisions (Ethnology, Archaeology, and Biological Anthropology) and its staff includes curators, research assistants, program staff, collections specialists, archivists, repatriation tribal liaisons, and administrative specialists. It has a number of outreach and research arms, including the Repatriation Office, Recovering Voices, Human Origins, and the Arctic Studies Center.

The Museum is home to one of the world's largest anthropology collections, with over three million specimens in archaeology, ethnology, and human skeletal biology. The NAA is the Smithsonian's oldest archival repository, with materials that reflect over 150 years of anthropological collecting and fieldwork. The HSFA is the only North American archive devoted exclusively to the collection and preservation of anthropological film and video.

Sources Consulted

National Museum of Natural History. "Department of Anthropology: About" Accessed April 13, 2020. https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/anthropology/about

National Museum of Natural History. "History of Anthropology at the Smithsonian." Accessed April 13, 2020. https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/file/history-anthropology-si.pdf

National Museum of Natural History. "History of the Smithsonian Combined Catalog." Accessed April 13, 2020 https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/sihistory.htm

Chronology

1846 -- The Smithsonian Institution is founded

1879 -- George Catlin bequeaths his collection to the Smithsonian The Section of Ethnology is established to oversee ethnological and archaeological collections The Bureau of Ethnology is established by Congress as a research unit of the Smithsonian

1881 -- The U.S. National Museum (USNM) is established as a separate entity within the Smithsonian Institution

1883 -- The staff and collections of the USNM are reorganized into divisions, including a Division of Anthropology

1897 -- The United States National Museum is reorganized into three departments: Anthropology headed by W. H. Holmes; Biology with F. W. True as head; and Geology with G. P. Merrill in charge The Bureau of Ethnology is renamed the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to emphasize the geographic limit of its interests

1903 -- The Division of Physical Anthropology established

1904 -- The Division of Physical Anthropology is incorporated into the Division of Anthropology

1910 -- The USNM moves into the new Natural History Building

1965 -- The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology is created on February 1 The BAE is eliminated and merged with the Office of Anthropology

1968 -- The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology (SOA) of the National Museum of Natural History is retitled the Department of Anthropology on October 29

1973 -- The Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies (RIIES) is established at the National Museum of Natural History's (NMNH) Center for the Study of Man (CSM) to study the waves of immigration to the United States and its overseas outposts that began in the 1960's

1975 -- The National Anthropological Film Center is established

1981 -- The National Anthropological Film Center is incorporated into the Department of Anthropology

1982 -- The RIIES, part of the CSM at the NMNH, is transferred to the Department of Anthropology

1991 -- NMNH establishes a Repatriation Office

1993 -- The Repatriation Office is incorporated into the Department of Anthropology

Head Curators and Department Chairs

1897-1902 -- William Henry Holmes

1902-1903 -- Otis T. Mason (acting)

1904-1908 -- Otis T. Mason

1908-1909 -- Walter Hough (acting)

1910-1920 -- William Henry Holmes

1920-1923 -- Walter Hough (acting)

1923-1935 -- Walter Hough

1935-1960 -- Frank M. Setzler

1960-1962 -- T. Dale Stewart

1963-1965 -- Waldo R. Wedel

1965-1967 -- Richard Woodbury

1967-1970 -- Saul H. Riesenberg

1970-1975 -- Clifford Evans

1975-1980 -- William W. Fitzhugh

1980-1985 -- Douglas H. Ubelaker

1985-1988 -- Adrienne L. Kaeppler

1988-1992 -- Donald J. Ortner

1992-1999 -- Dennis Stanford

1999-2002 -- Carolyn L. Rose

2002-2005 -- William W. Fitzhugh

2005-2010 -- J. Daniel Rogers

2010-2014 -- Mary Jo Arnoldi

2014-2018 -- Torbin Rick

2018-2022 -- Igor Krupnik

2022-2023 -- Laurie Burgess

2022- -- Richard Potts
Related Materials:
The NAA holds collections of former head curators and department chairs, including the papers of Otis Tufton Mason, Walter Hough, T. Dale Stewart, Waldo Rudolph and Mildred Mott Wedel, Saul H. Riesenberg, Clifford Evans, and Donald J. Ortner; the photographs of Frank Maryl Setzler; and the Richard B. Woodbury collection of drawings of human and animal figures.

Other related collections at the NAA include the papers of Gordon D. Gibson, Eugene I. Knez, and Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans; and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Center for the Study of Man, and the River Basin Surveys.
Provenance:
This collection was transferred to the National Anthropological Archives (NAA) by the National Museum of Natural History's Department of Anthropology in multiple accessions.
Restrictions:
Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Anthropology  Search this
Ethnology  Search this
Archaeology  Search this
Citation:
Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.XXXX.0311
See more items in:
Department of Anthropology records
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3da0f5297-c324-47c1-96dd-171f6edd11b6
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0311

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107263-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3b2d8e762-77ff-41fc-873f-1be47f28a127
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002679

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107264-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/344b9e381-b783-4f5c-8e8c-0f767005f8db
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002680

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107268-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/34cdb52b8-864d-4c69-af63-fa8e9f055e23
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002684

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107269-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3016ae37d-8f65-4d11-bfe2-79ba93cc1be2
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002685

Stone three-quarter Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107271-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3c3c81325-d267-4ad3-8fac-50ff0731be5f
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002687

Stone three-quarter Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107272-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e1f08253-e906-4209-805d-a9f16eacac70
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002688

Stone Notched Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107273-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/32a70803e-db96-487e-b7bd-797aa864c67d
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002689

Stone Full Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107274-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/38df04813-6a1e-48c2-977f-40f7e22db28a
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002690

Copper Celt, small

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107278-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3297e9a0b-a500-48e8-a859-bff135f70112
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002694

Sheet Copper fragment, small.

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Sheet
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107279-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3030540f2-fe9a-4b59-ace4-29df05beafac
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002695

Cross-Shaped Sheet Copper Pendant

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Pendant
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107280-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/32307824a-e3bc-4074-8214-98d71c490511
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002697

Stone Full Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107281-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/382f52872-b1a8-4d65-9902-1498a0d90a97
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002698

Stone three-quarter Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107286-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f2722e15-8709-473e-8eab-f91c8cb59379
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002703

Stone three-quarter Grooved Axe

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107287-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/345e02bac-7b8a-411d-9cec-b4e3e41b2a7b
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002704

4 Arrowheads.

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Point
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107289-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3befab4db-a63f-45e0-b857-729970f43bb0
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002706

Grooved Stone, 3/4 groove, large

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107290-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/37aca3095-c18f-438d-8fdc-4520fae28dd6
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002709

Grooved Stone Axe, 3/4 groove

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Culture:
Archaic  Search this
Object Type:
Axe
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107293-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3905aba2b-ab9c-42cd-bd8d-2981cc5408d0
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002712

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107294-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3474f8e8b-da04-45fc-a057-96e742f4d9f5
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002713

Stone Celt

Collector:
John Rogan  Search this
Donor Name:
Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this
Object Type:
Celt
Place:
Butler County, Ohio, United States, North America
Accession Date:
1884
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Accession Number:
014255
USNM Number:
A107295-0
See more items in:
Anthropology
Data Source:
NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3724454a9-aec8-4b4e-b888-40e7a89f5a9b
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8002714

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