Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
Mela! An Indian Fair on the National Mall sought to provide a culturally appropriate setting for a variety of Indian ritual, performance, craft, commercial, aesthetic, and culinary traditions. Presenting the skills of more than 60 folk artists, craftspeople, and cultural specialists from India and the Indian American community in a temporary bazaar replete with Indian handicrafts and cuisine, this program offered visitors a unique opportunity to experience and participate in Indian culture.
A mela, or Indian fair, is a large gathering of people who temporarily come together at a culturally appropriate time and place. Melas usually occur at the intersections of trade routes, river banks or confluences. The specific fairground often has a rich history and is frequently associated with the deeds of a god, goddess, or local hero. The time of the fair is set by the movements of sun, moon, planets, and stars in accord with one of the various solar and lunar calendars that mark time in India.
The Mela program on the Mall was really a fair within a fair. It was a composite mela, compressing both space and time to present selectively only a few of India's many traditions. Just as a mela would in India, the program encouraged visitors to learn about and participate in Indian culture. The structures on the Mall were built largely with natural and handcrafted materials from India, while the site itself was designed to reflect indigenous Indian concepts. The Learning Center tent housed the various ritual activities associated with some Indian festivals: a puja, or worship ceremony to Ganesha, the elephant-headed son of Shiva and remover of obstacles, was exhibited in order to impart to visitors a sense of Hindu household and temple ritual; kolam floor painting from Tamil Nadu was also demonstrated, as through such an art, space is sacralized and made ready to receive the presence of the deity. Also in the Learning Center were artisans who built the bamboo and paper structures for the Hindu Dassehra and the Muslim Muharram celebrations.
The rest of the site was organized according to the five elements of Hindu metaphysics and their corresponding senses: sound, touch, sight, taste, and smell. Song and dance could be found in the sound sections, as activities associated with space or ether, the most subtle of the elements. In the touch area, associated with the element air, were the acrobats, jugglers, kite maker, clothing and stalls for fans. In the sight section were numerous stalls offering items of brass, terra cotta, wood, leather and stone - all associated with the element fire and the notion of form. Roaming through this section were the magicians and impersonators to challenge the eye. The taste section featured food, snacks and beverages, while the fragrances of India were evident in the flower, incense and essence stalls.
Aditi: A Celebration of Life
In observance of the year-long Festival of India, the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History featured an exhibition of 1,500 objects of Indian folk art, as well as 40 artisans and performers demonstrating their traditional arts. Throughout the sections of the exhibition, objects associated with the particular stage of the life cycle were presented together with the folk artists who gave them meaning - the dancers, singers, musicians, puppeteers, painters, potters, jugglers, and acrobats of India. The juxtaposition of artists from diverse regions of the country with objects of varied temporal and geographic provenance suggested thematic unities as well as continuities of form and function. The exhibition ran June 4-July 28, 1985.
Richard Kurin served as Mela Program Coordinator, with Rajeev Sethi as Program Advisor.
Mela! An Indian Fair was made possible through the generous support of The Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation Ltd. of India, The Ashok Group of Hotels (India Tourism Development Corporation), and Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd. of India, an Indo-U.S. venture.
Consultants and fieldworkers:
Consultants
M. N. Deshpande, Nazir Jairazbhoy, Karine Schomer
Fieldworkers
Probir Guha, Nazir Jairazbhoy, Richard Kurin, Narpat Singh Rathore, Brian Silver, Gordon Thompson
Presenters:
Charles Capwell, Nazir Jairazbhoy, Karine Schomer, Brian Silver, Ken Swift, Gordon Thompson
Participants:
Crafts
Jamil Ahmed, Ravana statue maker, Uttar Pradesh
Buddha Chacha, potter, Gujarat
Bablu Kumar Dey, shola pith toy maker, West Bengal
Bharatbhai Karsanbhai, carpenter, Gujarat
Bal Mukand, Ravana statue maker, Uttar Pradesh
Rupaji Narayani, tailor, Gujarat
Mansukhbhai Panchal, carpenter, Gujarat
Habib-ur-Rehman, taziya tomb replica maker, Delhi
Baldev Sah, bangle maker, Bihar
Chanda Sahib, kite maker, Uttar Pradesh
Abdul Shakur, taziya tomb replica maker, Delhi
Gopal Singh, Ravana statue maker, Uttar Pradesh
Kumar Swami Siva, garland maker, Tamil Nadu
Yash Pal Sondhi, trick photographer, Delhi
Subhash Sutradhar, Durga icon maker, West Bengal
Tarapado Sutradhar, Durga icon maker, West Bengal
Performance
Ramdu Aiyar, -- ghatam -- (drum) player, Tamil Nadu
Jiten Badhayakar, -- dhak -- (drum) player, West Bengal
Bajjo Bai, balance acts performer, Maharashtra
Hira Bai, tightrope walker, Maharashtra
Sangita Bai, contortionist, Maharashtra
Bala Bhatt, puppeteer, Rajasthan
Harish Bhatt, musician, puppeteer, Rajasthan
Ramesh Bhatt, musician, puppeteer, Rajasthan
Kartika Nandi Das, Baul singer, West Bengal
Bablu Ganguli, folk theater actor, West Bengal
Gurmukh Bahrupiya (impersonator), Haryana
Jamil Khan, nagara (drum) player, Delhi
Krishan Bahrupiya (impersonator), Haryana
Sangita Kumari, contortionist, spinning acts performer, Rajasthan
Shyam Lal, dhol (drum) player, Delhi
Ashok Mukherjee, folk theater actor, West Bengal
Anjani Putra, juggler, Andhra Pradesh
Nasib Shah, magician, Uttar Pradesh
Shyam, singer, West Bengal
Mehar Ban Singh, high bar performer, Uttar Pradesh
Indian-American
Anand Mohan, 1922-, Ganesha puja presentation, Laurelton, New York
Crafts
Pichammal Nagarajan, 1936-, kolam floor painter, Rockville, Maryland
Deepi Singh, mehndi hand painter, Tarzana, California
Performance
Dandia, raas & -- garba -- , Gujarati song & dance -- Dandia, raas & garba, Gujarati song & danceAshok Bhatt, singer, Lisle, IllinoisSudha Bhatt, dancer, Lisle, IllinoisDarshana Desai, dancer, Chicago, IllinoisKamlesh Desai, harmonium (pump organ) player, Chicago, IllinoisKetu Katrak, dancer, Washington, D.C.Urmila Purohit, dancer, Studio City, CaliforniaParul Shah, dancer, Madison, WisconsinVarsha Shah, dancer, Montebello, CaliforniaMedha Yodh, dancer, Los Angeles, CaliforniaNiyati Yodh, dancer, New York, New York
Ganga, folk songs of Bengal & Northeast India -- Ganga, folk songs of Bengal & Northeast IndiaBhola Banerjee, 1934-2000, tanpura (drum) player, Potomac, MarylandSanjay Mishra, 1954-, sitar player Baltimore, MarylandBroto Roy, 1957-, tabla (drum) player, Falls Church, VirginiaHita Brata Roy, 1927-, dotara (lute) player, Falls Church, VirginiaKrishnakali Roy, 1955-, ghunghru (bells player), Falls Church,VirginiaMinati Basu Roy, 1931-1995, anandalhari (percussion) player, Falls Church, Virginia
Giddha Punjabi Song & Dance -- Giddha Punjabi Song & DanceNeeru Bains, 1963-, singer, Huntington Beach, CaliforniaKiren Chauhan, singer, Cerritos, CaliforniaRoina Dargan, 1976-, dancer, Anaheim, CaliforniaSoina Dargan, 1972-, dancer, Anaheim, CaliforniaNeeti Dewan, 1967-, dancer, Northridge, CaliforniaLeena Gill, 1970-, dancer, Fountain Valley, CaliforniaNeetu Malhotra, 1962-, dancer, Northridge, CaliforniaPramod Nanda, 1936-, dancer, Oklahoma City, OklahomaRachna Singh, 1971-, dancer, Tarzana, CaliforniaSawaran K. Wasu, dhol (drum) player, Tarzana, California
Collection Restrictions:
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
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Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1985 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
